For centuries, the body’s blood has been connected closely with the feelings. People who show no human emotions or feelings are said to be cold-blooded.

Cold can affect other parts of the body. But the expression —get cold feet‖ has nothing to do with cold or your feet. The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do. For example, you agree to be CEO of a company. But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned (辞职), and all the work of the company will be your responsibility (责任). You are likely to get cold feet about being CEO when you understand the situation.

The expression“give someone the cold shoulder” probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face to face. You may give the cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise (遵守诺言) he made to you, or to someone who has lied about you to others.

“A cold fish”is not a fish. It is a person. But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth. A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone. Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted. He or she will never feel sorry for those in bad situation.

“Out in the cold” means not getting something that everybody else got. A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise—he was left out in the cold. And it is not a pleasant place to be.

Every year there is a Spring Festival in China. Usually it is in January or February. It is the most important festival in China. So before it comes, everyone has to prepare things. They buy pork, beef, chicken, fruits and many other things. And they often make a special kind of food—“dumplings”. It means“come together”. On the day before the festival, parents buy new clothes for their children. Children also buy presents for their parents. On the Spring Festival Eve（除夕）, all the family members come back to their hometown. This is a happy moment. Some sing and dance，some play cards and others get the dinner ready. When they are having dinner, they give each other the best wishes for the coming year. They all have a good time.

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Are you interested in country music? I like it very much! It will take me away for a while after I am tired. The guitars and songs will take me to mountains and fields.

   Country music usually talks of everyday life and feelings. It's the spirit of America, easy to understand, slow and simple.

   Country music developed in the Southern United States. It was the folk music of American countryside. Many of songs tell about the lives of farmers. They talk about love, crops or death.

   The life of the countryside can be hard, so the words in country music are often sad. At first, people played the music only at family parties. But it became more popular later. In the 1920s, people played country songs on the radio, and they made them into records.

   When people in the countryside moved to towns and cities to look for work, they took their music with them. Country music continued to change and became popular across America.

   John Denver was one of America's most famous country singers in the 1970s. His song "Take Me Home, Country Roads" is well-known and people still play it today.

Idioms(成语) are phrases and sentences that do not mean exactly what they say. Even if you know the meaning of each word you see or hear, you may not understand the idiom because you donˈt understand the culture behind it.

For example, if an American boy asks his mother whatˈs for dinner tomorrow, she may say “Iˈll play it by ear”, that means she doesnˈt have plans for dinner and she will decide later. “Play by ear”used to mean playing music using the sheet music(活页乐谱), but now people often use it when theyˈre not talking about music.

There are many idioms in English. If you learn to use them, your English will be more vivid and colorful. English idioms are more common in spoken English. They can be difficult to remember sometimes. Next time when you hear somebody saying to you, “Give me a hand”, you donˈt necessarily reach out your hand to him/her, but you do need to be helpful. And when the situation is out of hand, you usually can do very little to manage all that. What about a green hand? Itˈs not about the color of your hand! Youˈre a green hand when you are very new at your work and donˈt have much experience. If you and your partner always work together hand in glove, you two certainly work together very well.

Can you guess the meanings of some common English idioms to do with parts of your body?

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When Italians talk about their cooking to most foreigners, they always think of pizza first. But today's pizza is different from what it was. In the past, it was hard to make pizza. As years went by, the cooks used another way to make pizza. Then it was easier to make pizza.

A long time ago, there were several kingdoms(王国) in Italian. Later, they became one country. During this time, Italians got some new ideas on cooking. The most interesting idea was to make pizza. The first pizza was not so delicious, and did not look nice. So the cooks in Italy, tried to make it better. Then this kind of food began to look nice and taste delicious. Soon it became popular around the country. Most people like it because it was cheap, nourishing（有营养的）, simple to make and nice to eat.

Now Americans eat more pizza than Italians do every day. Maybe many people in China are enjoying pizza as a meal. Do you like it?

The customs in different countries are rather different. If I have dinner with a Chinese host, he always puts more food onto my plate as soon as I have emptied it. That often discomforts me greatly. I have to eat the food even if I don’t want to, because it is considered bad manners in the West to leave one’s food on the plate. I have already noticed that when a Chinese sits at an American’s dinner party, he very often refuses the offer of food or drink though he is in fact still hungry or thirsty. This might be good manners in China, but it is not in the West at all.

    In the United States, it is impolite to keep asking someone again and again or insist(坚持) on his accepting something. Americans have a direct way of speaking. If they want something, they will ask for it. If not, they will say, “No, thanks.” When an American is served with beer by the host, for example, he might say, “No, thanks. I’ll take some Diet Pepsi-Cola(百事可乐) if you have it.” That is what an American will do. So when you go to the United States, you had better remember the famous saying: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

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Spring Festival is the start of a new lunar(阴历的）year.

At the Spring Festival, people want to keep away from bad luck. They hope to start with good luck.

There are a lot of traditions for Spring Festival. People clean their houses, cut their hair and buy lots of new clothes to wear before Spring Festival. They usually paint the doors red, because red is a “lucky color”.

Old people give young people lucky money. People eat jiaozi. And they watch the dragon dance. These can bring good luck for the new year.

It’s a great time and everyone feels happy.

 There are many different kinds of music in the world. Now let's study some of them.

   Classical music Classical music is a form of music which needs high musical skills. If you want to learn this kind of music, you have to go through proper training.

   Heavy metal music Heavy metal music came out after World WarⅡ. The melody of the song is heavily influenced by the structure of it. It is also known as "information music". In heavy metal music, songwriting is based on a form.

   Hip-hop music This kind of music always includes the use of instruments such as the guitar, violin, piano, bass, drums and so on. In this kind of music, the bass is the main instrument. It was first played by a group of traveling singers and poets of West Africa.

   Opera music It first appeared in Italy in the 1600s. It has a great mixture of theatrical art and musical invention and is used in theaters.

   Jazz music This kind of music has strong and complex melodies. The main musical instruments are the comet, trumpet and violin, which help to carry the melody.

   Besides these, there are many other kinds of music such as the blues, new-age music, Celtic music, religious music, and chanther music.

Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van(住房汽车) 

A small car can hold(容纳)four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded(拥挤). A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together. 

  Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bus a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases(衣箱)when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents’home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents. Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. 

All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.