There are many factors(因素) that can affect climate change. Among these, the population movement is a new one. A research shows us that the movement of many people out of Beijing for the Chinese New Year(CNY) causes the temperature to drop slightly(轻微地). Before holidays, people around Beijing all gather(聚集) here. Besides, buildings and roads, and the heat made by human activities lead to higher urban(城市的) temperatures. So Beijing is deeply affected by “urban heat island(UHI城市热岛效应)”

When the winter holiday comes, most workers leave big cities for their own hometowns. As a result, the UHI effects are not that serious in large cities, but increase in tourists’ destinations(目的地) The research shows that the average(平均的) world temperature rose by 0.85 degrees Celsius between 1880 and 2012. Although this increase is not very obvious, many things have changed with the increase. The sea level has risen. Snow and ice cover has reduced(减少) and had climate(气候) events have become more common. “The CNY holiday offers a unique opportunity(机会) to study the effect.” Zhang Jingyong, lead scientist of the research, said, “Our research strengthens the role of population movements in urban climate, and may help deal with urban environmental problems.”

Lightening the colors of roofs, changing to white roofs, or planting more trees can help to lessen(减轻) UHI effects. Light-colored roofs reflect more solar radiation(日光照射) and reduce energy demand in warm seasons. Trees and grass have cooling effects by biological interaction(互相作用). Low-carbon production and lifestyle play an important role in reducing heat emissions(热量排放) from city buildings, factories, and cars, and thus become another effective means to lessen the heating effects.

Today, we all know that air pollution is bad for people's health.   (1)   not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is bad for humans' health. People who work and live in   (2)   conditions may go deaf. For example, many of the workers who  (3)   newspapers and books go deaf. Quite a few people living near airports also have  (4)   problems. Recently it was reported that many  (5)  in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do, because these young people always listen to  (6)   pop music. Making a loud noise in  (7)   is also a kind of pollution. R not only disturbs (打扰)  (8)   but also is bad for people's hearing. Cars and machines also produce too much noise. Such pollution makes people feel uncomfortable and unpleasant, and it can even cause them to become   (9)  or deaf. Nowadays, many countries are trying to solve all kinds of environmental problems,   (10)   noise pollution.

 Everyone has worries. How do you deal with your worries? There is always something you can do to help yourself feel less worried. Sitting there worrying is no fun and it won’t solve your problems.

    Grades at school are often a top worry for children. If you worry most about grades, ask yourself these questions:

● Why are grades important? What do grades mean to me?

● How do I get ready for class? Do I go over my notes even when there isnˈt a test?

● Do I have a good place to do my homework?

● Have I tried different ways of studying?

If your worry is about a fight you had with your friend, you might write down all the things you could do ---- write a note to him or her, invite him or her to watch a basketball game, say sorry to him or her and so on. Once you have a list of things you could do, you can choose one thing that could get your friend back..

  You can ask for help when youˈre worried. You can find someone to talk to, such as your parents, friends, and teachers.

It is said that all dreams serve a purpose. While there is no agreement among scientists about why we dream, there are many ideas about the different kinds of dreams we have.

One common kind of dream is the repeating dream, in which the same story is repeated again and again, often for many months or even years. Some believe these are a sign people have a problem in their life and once that problem is gone then the dream will stop. Others think they are a way to help people remember something very important.

Another well-known kind of dream is the nightmare. The pictures and stories in such dreams make people very afraid and dreamers usually remember them far more clearly than normal dreams. The cause of such dreams may be seeing something terrifying such as a car accident or some deadly snakes. Others think such dreams may be trying to make a person pay attention to something that is dangerous in their life.

Daydreams happen during wake-time when we forget where we are or what we are doing and find ourselves in a made-up story or unreal world. We often daydream when we are doing something that is not interesting or exciting. They help us think about our future.

Lucid (神志清醒的) dreams are the most fun. These happen when dreamers suddenly understand that they are dreaming. Instead of waking up, they stay in the dream and are able to control what happens in the dream as if (好像) they are making a movie.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

British people think being on time is very important. “Drop in anytime” and “Come and see me soon” are often used  (1)  British people. But you are not supposed to take it  (2)  . It is wise to make a call before you visit someone at home. If you  (3)  a written invitation to an event that says "RSVP" , you should reply to the person who sends the invitation as soon as possible. He is eager to know  (4)  you plan to attend the event or not.

    (5)  accept an invitation unless you really plan to go. You may   (6)   by saying, "Thank you for inviting me, but I will not be able to come." If, after accepting, you are unable to attend, be sure to tell the   (7)  as far in advance(提前) as possible that you will not be there.

Although it is not  (8)  to bring a gift to your host, it is considered polite to do so, especially when you have been invited for a meal. You can take some flowers or some chocolate and both are good   (9)  . A thank-you note or telephone call after the visit is also considered polite. Either is an appropriate way to  (10)  your thank for the invitation.

Do you want to be a volunteer? Maybe you need some ideas. Here is some advice.

Help kids learn and grow. Be a big brother or sister at an after-school care centre. You can help little kids to learn or play with them.

Give back during the holidays. Serve dinner to the homeless, volunteer at an old people's home, or give out toys to kids.

Help at an animal shelter (庇护所). Most shelters need volunteers to keep the cats and dogs happy and take them to exercise. And when you're walking dogs, you get some exercise, too.

Protect the environment. Take part in a park clean-up day. Plant a tree. Join a group to work together to protect a river.

Help sick people. Helping others can make you feel good. When you make sick people happy, you also feel happy. If you have several hobbies, find a way to do them all. For example, if you love kids and are good at painting and dancing, visit a children's hospital and teach them these interesting things.

The computer is fast and hardly makes a mistake, while people are slow and make mistakes sometimes. That's what people often say when they talk about computers. For many years，scientists have been improving computers. Now a computer can do a lot of everyday jobs wonderfully. It is widely used in factories，hospitals，post offices and airports. A computer can report, decide and control in almost every field. With the help of a person，a computer can draw pictures，write music，talk with people, play chess, translate languages and so on. Many computer scientists are now thinking of making computers “think” like man. Perhaps computers will one day really think and feel. Some people are afraid that one day computers will be too clever to listen to them. But scientists tell us that such a thing will not happen.

Lots of kids hate school, a new study found. Usually this kind of feeling doesn’t last long. School is a fact of life and getting a good education can help you build the kind of future life you want. So let’s talk about school and what to do when you don’t like it.

The first step is to find out why. You might not like school because you don’t have enough friends, or maybe you don’t get along with your teachers. Sometimes it’s a big problem with your classes and school work. You may be getting further and further behind, and it may seem like you’ll never catch up.

When you know why you don’t like school, you can start taking steps to make things better.

It’s a good idea to talk to someone about your problems with school. Your mom, dad, orteachers will be able to help you. Another good idea is to write down your feelings about school in a notebook. It’s a great way to let out emotion(情绪). Remember, you don’t have to share what you’ve written with others.

And here are some ways to give you the best first day of school. The night before school starts, you can do something quiet and peaceful to calm yourself down, like reading a book with your parents, taking a walk or taking a photo of your smiling face. By doing these, you will have a nice day at school.

If someone says to you “give me five”, don’t give five yuan to him! It will make others laugh! The person does not ask for your money, but your fingers.

  In the USA, “give me five” or “give me the high five” is a good gesture. You can often see it in films or on TV. It means the slapping（拍打）of each other’s right hands together. People do it when something happy happens. For example, if a student gets an “A” in the exam or gets No.1 in the school sports meeting, he will give the high five to his friends to celebrate.

  Who did this gesture first? Why did he do that? It may come from the old Roman gesture of putting up the right arm for the emperor. This showed that the person putting up his arm had nothing in his hand and he couldn’t hurt the emperor.

  Why not try to give the high five to your friends?

Many people like reading books because it is a good way to pick up new vocabularies ,see grammar in action and develop your understanding of a language.

The key to success is choosing the right book for yourself.

For beginners, I would recommend starting with something short and simple. Chi­-ldren’s books are a great place to start .Dr Seuss’s books can make you laugh. Dr Seuss writes his books in rhyme(韵文)and they are all very funny—The cat in the Hat is probably his most well—known book. Starting with something like this means you are easier to finish the book and want to read more.

For more advanced learners, you could try The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien. The book isn’t too long and if you’ve seen the film, it may be easier to follow.

If you’re not quite ready to read a full book, why not try Roald Dahl’s Revolting Rhymes? This book contains lots of short stories, all written in rhyme. Or ,try a very short story book—like one from Roger Hargreaves’s Mr Men and Little Miss series. Although they are intended for young children, they are a good way to pick up some more basic vocabularies.