There are many factors(因素) that can affect climate change. Among these, the population movement is a new one. A research shows us that the movement of many people out of Beijing for the Chinese New Year(CNY) causes the temperature to drop slightly(轻微地). Before holidays, people around Beijing all gather(聚集) here. Besides, buildings and roads, and the heat made by human activities lead to higher urban(城市的) temperatures. So Beijing is deeply affected by “urban heat island(UHI城市热岛效应)”

When the winter holiday comes, most workers leave big cities for their own hometowns. As a result, the UHI effects are not that serious in large cities, but increase in tourists’ destinations(目的地) The research shows that the average(平均的) world temperature rose by 0.85 degrees Celsius between 1880 and 2012. Although this increase is not very obvious, many things have changed with the increase. The sea level has risen. Snow and ice cover has reduced(减少) and had climate(气候) events have become more common. “The CNY holiday offers a unique opportunity(机会) to study the effect.” Zhang Jingyong, lead scientist of the research, said, “Our research strengthens the role of population movements in urban climate, and may help deal with urban environmental problems.”

Lightening the colors of roofs, changing to white roofs, or planting more trees can help to lessen(减轻) UHI effects. Light-colored roofs reflect more solar radiation(日光照射) and reduce energy demand in warm seasons. Trees and grass have cooling effects by biological interaction(互相作用). Low-carbon production and lifestyle play an important role in reducing heat emissions(热量排放) from city buildings, factories, and cars, and thus become another effective means to lessen the heating effects.

It is said that all dreams serve a purpose. While there is no agreement among scientists about why we dream, there are many ideas about the different kinds of dreams we have.

One common kind of dream is the repeating dream, in which the same story is repeated again and again, often for many months or even years. Some believe these are a sign people have a problem in their life and once that problem is gone then the dream will stop. Others think they are a way to help people remember something very important.

Another well-known kind of dream is the nightmare. The pictures and stories in such dreams make people very afraid and dreamers usually remember them far more clearly than normal dreams. The cause of such dreams may be seeing something terrifying such as a car accident or some deadly snakes. Others think such dreams may be trying to make a person pay attention to something that is dangerous in their life.

Daydreams happen during wake-time when we forget where we are or what we are doing and find ourselves in a made-up story or unreal world. We often daydream when we are doing something that is not interesting or exciting. They help us think about our future.

Lucid (神志清醒的) dreams are the most fun. These happen when dreamers suddenly understand that they are dreaming. Instead of waking up, they stay in the dream and are able to control what happens in the dream as if (好像) they are making a movie.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

I thought my father as a cold-blooded man who did not care about me at all.

Do you want to be a volunteer? Maybe you need some ideas. Here is some advice.

Help kids learn and grow. Be a big brother or sister at an after-school care centre. You can help little kids to learn or play with them.

Give back during the holidays. Serve dinner to the homeless, volunteer at an old people's home, or give out toys to kids.

Help at an animal shelter (庇护所). Most shelters need volunteers to keep the cats and dogs happy and take them to exercise. And when you're walking dogs, you get some exercise, too.

Protect the environment. Take part in a park clean-up day. Plant a tree. Join a group to work together to protect a river.

Help sick people. Helping others can make you feel good. When you make sick people happy, you also feel happy. If you have several hobbies, find a way to do them all. For example, if you love kids and are good at painting and dancing, visit a children's hospital and teach them these interesting things.

The weather is getting hotter. You are thirsty playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may  be just the thing. But be careful what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health.

There are plenty of "energy drinks" on the market. Most of them have beautiful colors and cool names. The lists on them tell you they are helpful to your health. Sounds great!  

But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine (咖啡因) in them. These drinks are especially aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much.

Caffeine makes your heart beat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited(限制) its use. Caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea. Possible health dangers have something to do with energy drinks. Just one box of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems. Scientists say that teenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them.

Nearly every parent says that we never grow up. In fact, we are maybe 16 or 17 years old.

In their eyes, we are always little ones and always do wrong things. For example, when I need to stay at home alone, they always worry about me and my life without them.

Most parents always think that they have offered the best things they can to make their children live in a comfortable world. They buy their children pretty clothes, cool shoes, strange but expensive school things, and always a thousand-yuan-cost bike. They think that they have done everything they can to their dear little children. In return, they only want their little boy to give them good results in the examinations.

But why children still can’t understand them? Why? Does it mean that they still want more material(物质)things. No. As a matter of fact, what they want is a true family. What does a true family mean? I think it means a place where we can hide ourselves from the outside cold world. From here, we can get warmth, we can get consolation(安慰), and we can get happiness. And one important thing is that we should be stronger and more confident in the outside world because we know that we have a family.

So I think that parents should save their money and sit down to talk with their child. Let them know that they have a true family, so the child and his parents could understand each other more and more. Then, no boy will be regarded as a little boy.

  ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

  ____________________________________________________________________

  ____________________________________________________________________

If you meet a British person in the street, it is very likely that he or she will apologize whether it is his or her fault (过错) or not.

It seems that Britain is becoming a nation where everyone is saying sorry. Almost each person says sorry about eight times each day—and one in eight people apologize as many as 20 times a day.

As you may have seen, the British apologize more often than members of other cultures. A research shows that in many cases, people's love of saying sorry in Britain goes a little further than it does for Americans. For example, about 15 British people would say ”sorry” while only 10 from the US would do this if they sneezed, if they corrected someone's mistake or if someone knocked into them.

In the old days, “sorry” was used to express regret and sadness for having done something wrong. But now British people use the expression as a way of showing good manners. For example, they might say “sorry” instead of “excuse me”, “pardon”, “what” or “whatever”.

People in Britain also use sorry when they share the same feeling with others—so they might say “sorry about the rain”.

However, British people's use of “sorry” may make things very confusing (迷惑不清) and difficult for foreigners who are not familiar with their ways. But actually, people in Britain pay much attention to the feelings of others. This is the very reason why they apologize every day.

Many people like reading books because it is a good way to pick up new vocabularies ,see grammar in action and develop your understanding of a language.

The key to success is choosing the right book for yourself.

For beginners, I would recommend starting with something short and simple. Chi­-ldren’s books are a great place to start .Dr Seuss’s books can make you laugh. Dr Seuss writes his books in rhyme(韵文)and they are all very funny—The cat in the Hat is probably his most well—known book. Starting with something like this means you are easier to finish the book and want to read more.

For more advanced learners, you could try The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien. The book isn’t too long and if you’ve seen the film, it may be easier to follow.

If you’re not quite ready to read a full book, why not try Roald Dahl’s Revolting Rhymes? This book contains lots of short stories, all written in rhyme. Or ,try a very short story book—like one from Roger Hargreaves’s Mr Men and Little Miss series. Although they are intended for young children, they are a good way to pick up some more basic vocabularies.

If ever an Asian woman could provide a bridge of friendship between China and South Korea ,she is Professor ChoSung–hye. She has been working in Hefei City for many years.

Since 1996 when she first came to Hefei University with her husband, Professor Cho has helped to build three Hope Primary Schools for poor students in poor areas in Anhui. In 2013, she gave away 200,000 yuan to the Sunshine Primary School in Chenji Town of Hefei.

“I feel happy to be invited to attend the celebration of the 70th anniversary(周年) of the victory of the Chinese People’s war of Resistance against Japanese Aggression(侵略).We have entered a golden age of peace and development. We should learn from history ,keep away from war and enjoy the peaceful time,” said Professor Cho.

“I have been living in China for so many years and I have watched China’s progress and development .China won the National Friendship Award in 2002, the first Korean to be awarded the prize in China. She is also the first Korean who is allowed to live in China all her life time. In 2014, she was awarded “My favorite teacher” by the government.

“I love China. I hope to do my best to improve the friendship between China and South Korea. I would like to work for friendship of the two nations. It is my honor and my wish.” she said.

It’s very important to spend time with family. Parents can really get to know their children, and children love spending time with their parents.

  When it is breakfast, lunch or dinner, families can always get together at the table. Eating breakfast together is a good way to start the day. Families can also share the happenings of the day and plan for next day while eating dinner together. No matter what you do , you know your family best, so just find an activity that you can agree on and you must have fun!

  If your family likes movies, then take out a bowl of popcorn and put it on the table for the family, see a movie while eating the popcorn at weekends. After a-week tiring work, families begin to really want to relax and enjoy the quiet family time.

  Going camping in the mountains and trees for the weekend is another good way to spend family time, and it’s a great way to have a holiday too!

Every city has its own special sights and museums. Why not use these as a way to spend time together? You can learn something new and there are places of interest at most museums for everyone in your family.

  Enjoy your family time and have fun together. You will remember the happy time in all your life.