The best way of learning a language is by using it. The best way of learning English is talking about English as much as possible. Sometimes you’ll get your words mixed up and people will not understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can’t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor (幽默), you can always have a good laugh over the mistakes you make. Don’t be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It is much better for people to be laughing at your mistakes than to be angry because they don’t understand what you are saying. The most important rule for learning English is: Don’t be afraid of making mistakes, for everyone makes mistakes.

School education is very important and useful. The students both learn knowledge and get an education. Yet, no one can learn everything from school. The scientists，such as Edison，Newton，Galileo and Einstein, didn’t learn everything from school. They learned a lot of knowledge outside school or in practice by themselves. A teacher, even he knows a lot, can’t teach his students everything.

The teacher’s job is to show his students how to learn, how to read and how to think. A good teacher with rich experience in teaching can teach his students the methods(= ways)of study. Through these methods the students are able to learn and get a lot of things by themselves.

Usually it is very easy for the students to remember some knowledge, but it is very difficult to use it for problems. If a teacher really shows the students the ability of how to use knowledge, it means the teacher has learned lots of knowledge by himself (or herself). The success in learning shows he or she knows how to study.

(A)根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

a. How important are the study methods for students？

b. What does the teacher’s experience of success in study mean？

c. What is the job of a teacher？

Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru，South America．However，things went from bad to worse in March 2015 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables in the area．The villagers were forced to use oil lamps，which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce．

Luckily，researchers at the University of Technology （UT） in Lima，Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution．They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil，both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies．The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb．

While that may sound amazing and even impossible，the science behind the ideas is quite simple．As plants create their food （using the sun's energy，water and chemicals from the soil），they also produce waste which they return to the soil．Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons-the building blocks of electrical energy．The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to capture the energy and keep it in the lamp's batteries for later use．The researchers say a single charge can power a 50-watt LED light for two hours-enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done．

The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2015．So far，they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez，the UT professor who invented the lamp，believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people，especially small rainforest communities，42% of whom have no electricity．

Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. However, we do know a lot about languages, the language of today and also the languages of earlier times. There are probably about three thousand languages in the world today. Chinese is the language with the most speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are also spoke by millions of people. On the other hand, some languages in the world have less than one hundred speaker.

There are several important families of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of Europe are in one large family called Indo—European. The original language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years ago. Many of the present –day languages of Europe and India are modern forms of the languages of 4,500 years ago.

   Languages are always changing. The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. In time, some even die out completely. About 1,000 years ago, English was a little known relative of German spoken on one of the borders of Europe.

If a language has a number of speakers, or if it is very old, there may be differences in the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language may have several dialects. Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by many millions of people. The differences between the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China can’t understand speakers from other parts.

Many people tend do(倾向于) remember events that never happened, according to new research led by Dr. Kimberley Wade from the University of Warwick.

In a study on false(虚假的) memories, Dr. Wade shows his findings. He says if we are told about a completely fictitious(虚构的) event from our lives, and repeatedly imagine that event happening, almost half of us will accept that it did happen.

Over 400 participants(参与者) in this study had fictitious event suggested to them. And it was found that around 50% of the participants believed, to some degree, that they had experienced those events. Participants in this study came to remember false events, such as playing a trick on a teacher, or creating trouble at a family wedding and so on.

30% of the participants appeared to "remember" the event. They accepted the suggested event, and could describe how the event happened and even what the event was like. Another 23% showed signs that they accepted the suggested event and believed it really happened.

Dr. Wade says that it can be very difficult to decide when a person is recalling(回想) real past events even in a controlled research environment. And it is harder in real-life situations.

Dr. Wade says something about the importance of this study: "We know that many factors(因素) influence the creation of false beliefs and memories, such as asking a person to repeatedly imagine a false event or to view photos to "jog" their memory. But we don't fully understand how all these factors influence each other. The finding that many people tend to develop false beliefs is important. We know from other research that changed beliefs can influence people's behavior and attitudes."

Scientists have been using the results of such studies for 20 years to figure out how people can come to remember completely false experiences.