Fire was discovered many thousands of years ago. The first time humans saw fire was probably when a tree was destroyed by lightning. Humans soon learned how to make fire. They probably made the first fire by rubbing (摩擦) two sticks together.

   Fire was very important to humans. They needed fire to keep warm at night. They used fire to cook food. （1）They used fire to keep enemies and wild animals away.In some parts of the world fire was used to send massages. The Indians in America, for example, used fire to make smoke as a message. In some other countries people lit fires to warn their friends of danger.

   （2）Fire was also used to give light.Before the invention of the oil lamp, humans burned sticks to get light.

   One man even used fire to tell the time. He invented a candle clock. He made a candle that took exactly twelve hours to burn. Then he marked this candle in twelve equal (相等的) parts. He lit the candle and could tell the time by counting the number of parts left of the burning candle. But the candle clock did not always work well. If there was a wind blowing on the candle, it burned too quickly.

(一)根据短文内容简要回答问题。

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(二)将短文中画线的句子译成汉语。

(三)请给短文拟一个适当的标题。

                                    The power of humor

An old saying goes ”Laughter is the best medicine.” It’s true that laughter is really good for our health. So, the next time you’re feeling stressed, try to laugh a lot, ①develop a sense of humor and watch funny films.
The Comic Relief charity, an organization that helps people in need, uses laughter to raise money. Every two years in spring, many English people put on a red nose, make a fool of themselves and do ”silly” things to make themselves and others laugh. Examples of silly things you can do are:

▲  Invite friends round to your house to watch funny films. They have to pay to watch the films—those with the most comfortable chairs pay more—and for food and drinks.

▲  Hold a talent show at school and ask your friends and teachers to sing, dance or tell jokes. Sell tickets for the show to the rest of the school.

▲  Have a red nose party at your house. All your friends come dressed in red—including red nose—and your serve red food and drinks. If they don’t wear red, they have to pay a fine.

▲  Get the students in your school to make funny sculptures(雕塑)using all kinds of materials. Sell tickets to your Red Nose Day exhibition and part of the money goes to Comic Relief.

The organization has helped people for more than 20 years. And how much have they collected since the first Red Nose Day? Over￡600 million!②             . In New Zealand, for example, people have made big red noses which they put on the front of cars and even buildings.

1                     2                      3                  

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1. the Comic Relief charity                       A. pay a fine

2. in New Zealand                                    B. big red house on buildings

3. a red nose party                                    C. raise money

 Comic Relief can’t get all the money from the Red Nose Day exhibition

Why do many English people do “silly” things sometimes?                                          .

A. So more charities have been opened around the world.

B. Red Nose Day has become something special for English people.

C. The idea of Red Nose Day has traveled to other countries, too.

Do you  keep fish and turtles in your classroom at school? 75 你曾经在一条小船上上过课吗?Do you put the food you leave over into a compost (混合肥料) box? That’s all part of a school day at Barnard School.

Barnard School is a “green” school in America. 76 This school wants to tell kids the importance of caring about the environment.The students can also learn a different way to live a healthier life.

With the special lessons, about 300 students in the school study the environment all day long.                                   77 而且在教室里研究鱼和其他的动物是十分有趣的. Students throw some lunch leftovers (吃剩的饭菜) into a compost box in a greenhouse. 78 They use the waste to help grow plants.

At Barnard School, almost everything has something to do with the environment. Students sing songs about the environment. Their art work also has something to do with the environment.                           Even their math classes are about caring about the environment. All the students have these classes happily. 79 I think we should learn something from this school.

Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch．They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness．Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat．However, the real reason lies in their bodies．At that time---about eight hours after you wake up, your body temperature goes down．This is what makes slow down and feel sleepy．Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day．The people in experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern．They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later．

       In many parts of the world, people take naps（小睡） in the middle of the day．This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon．Researchers are now saying that _____________ are good for everyone in any climate．A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general．In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from heart disease．

       Many working people, unluckily, have no time to take naps．Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers（雇主们） do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making use of your nap．Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up．A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward．This can also happen if you sleep too long．If you do not have enough time, try a short nap--- even ten minutes sleep can be helpful．

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Researchers are now saying that _____________ are good for everyone in any climate．

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