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            • 1．
              The bicycle is the simplest yet most useful inventions in the world． What is the most surprising is that it was not (1) earlier， although the great inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn pictures for bicycles and also for flying machines and some other things． These things were not produced (2) long after he died．
              A person riding a bicycle uses (3) energy to make the bicycle move， and there is no pollution at all when you are riding． Even so， in developed (4) ， most people don't travel to work by bicycle． It is not because the bicycles are expensive or people feel ______ （60）if they ride to work． It's because (5) cars on the roads becomes larger． It certainly becomes (6) to ride a bicycle． As a result， more people put their bicycles away and go to work (7) their cars， and in this way， the situation becomes more serious． (8) the best way to make riding safer and more popular is to create paths（开设通道）only for bicycles， and to make (9) so difficult and expensive for drivers to take their cars into the city that they will go back to use their bicycles

              (1) A. invent B. inventing C. invented D. to invent
              (2) A. before B. when C. since D. until
              (3) A. much B. quite a lot of C. very little D. many
              (4) A. world B. countries C. land D. earth
              (5) A. lucky B. glad C. sorry D. tired
              (6) A. the number of B. a number of
              C. this kind of D. all kinds of
              (7) A. safer B. more dangerous C. much dangerous D. safe
              (8) A. by B. in C. use D. drive
              (9) A. Hardly B. May be C. Perhaps D. Nearly
              (10) A. it B. them C. us D. that
              难度：较易
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            • 2．
              The United States is full of automobiles（机动车）． There are still many families without cars． But some families have two or （16）______more cars． However， cars are used for more than pleasure． They are a （17）______part of life．
              Cars are used for （18）______． They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to （19）______their jobs． When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city， they have to drive in order to carry their products． Farmers have to drive into the city in order to shop for necessities．
              Sometimes， small children must be driven to （20）______． In some cities， school buses are used only when children （21）______more than a mile from the school． One （22）______drives on Mondays， taking her children and the neighbors' children as well． Another mother drives on Tuesdays， another on Wednesdays and so on． This is called forming a car pool（拼车）． Working people also form car pools， with three or four people taking turns driving to the place （23）______they work．
              More car pools should be formed in order to put （24）______cars on the road and to use less oil．
              （25）______is a great problem， and so is the traffic in and around cities． Too many cars are being driven． Something should be done about the use of cars．
              (1) A. much B. even C. little D. such
              (2) A. necessary B. difficult C. proper D. possible
              (3) A. families B. farms C. adventures D. business
              (4) A. get to B. look for C. find out D. take care of
              (5) A. cities B. schools C. parks D. gardens
              (6) A. move B. study C. live D. work
              (7) A. way B. child C. mother D. car
              (8) A. when B. that C. which D. where
              (9) A. more B. fewer C. many D. less
              (10) A. Driving B. Running C. Parking D. Forming
              难度：较易
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            • 3．

              Every year about 640,000 kilograms of pumpkins are grown in the US. Not all of the pumpkins are eaten. Many are used to celebrate Halloween, the night of October 31st. Halloween is a big celebration in America. One tradition that many people enjoy is to carve faces in pumpkins, put a light inside and put the pumpkins around their houses. After Halloween they throw all the pumpkins away.

              But in Oakland, a city in California, people have found a way to use all those pumpkins, as well as lots of other food waste. They use them to generate electricity. Food waste is taken from supermarkets and restaurants and put into large tanks. Inside these tanks, bacteria break down the food waste. This release methane gas. Then the gas is burned to generate electricity-enough electricity to power 13,000 homes.

              Recycling the food waste provides a cheap source of fuel for generating electricity. But there are other good reasons to recycle the food waste too. Methane gas in the atmosphere is one of the causes of global warming. When food waste is buried in the ground, it can take 40 to 100 years to break down, and over that time it is slowly released all the methane gas into the atmosphere. But when food waste is kept inside the tanks, it breaks down in about three mouth. Instead of going into the atmosphere, most of the methane gas is kept and used.

              Other cities around the world are now following Oakland’s example and using food waste to generate electricity. Maybe the next time you turn on the lights in your house, they’ll be powered

              by pumpkins! 

              难度：中等
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            • 4．

              Below are some suggestions given by the English children posted on the website   about how to help Africa. Which one do you think is the best? 

              I think health is the most important thing. We need to make sure that the money we give is
              spent wisely. The money should be spent first on clean water supplies and better health care. 
                                                                                           -----Robin, aged 16, Birmingham

              I think the most important thing is to improve the education of the African countries. 
              There is an old saying,"If you give a man a fish, youˈll feed him for a day. If you teach him 
              how to fish, youˈll feed him for a lifetime." We need to help people to help themselves, not
              just throw money at the problem when it appears.
                                                                                           -----Rebecca, aged 15, Liverpool

              People seem to give a lot more money to charity when there is a sudden, huge disaster (灾难) like the earthquake. Itˈs good for people to do so, but I also think that everyone should give a small part of their salary (工资) to charity. If everyone did that, it would make a big difference. 
                                                                                    -----Mary, aged 14, Stratford

              Giving money to charity can help, but itˈs not the final answer. I think what these 
              countries need is a good government. 
                                                                                    -----Bethany, aged 16, Newcastle

              The best thing we can do is to send experts like engineers, doctors and teachers to 
              help the people to help themselves.
                                                                                      -----Robert, aged 16, Cardiff


              难度：中等
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            • 5．

              Passage Three

               Why do men die earlier than women? The latest research makes it known that the reason could be that men’s hearts go into rapid(迅速) decline(下降) when they reach middle age.

              　　The largest study of the effects of ageing on the heart has found that women’s longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power(供血能力) with age.

              　　“We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between 18 and 70 years of age,” said the head of the study, David Goldspink of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK.

              　　“Within the heart there are millions of cells that enable it to beat. Between the age of 20 and 70, one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men,” said Goldspink.“This is part of the ageing process(过程).”

              　　What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells. A healthy 70-year-old woman’s heart could perform almost as well as a 20-year-old one’s.

              　　“This gender(性别) difference might just explain why women live longer than men,” said Goldspink. They studied more than 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 80, focusing on healthy persons to remove the confusing influence of disease.“The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart, and we are still on the way.” said Goldspink.

              　　The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise. Goldspink stressed that women also need regular exercise to prevent their leg muscles becoming smaller and weaker as they age.

              难度：较易
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            • 6．
              In Thailand，people do not eat with chopsticks，like in China，Japan and Korea．They use spoons and forks．（66） ______ ．Most food is already cut．If you need to cut things，use the side of your spoon first and then use your fork．（67） ______ ．If you are right-handed，keep the spoon in your right hand and the fork in your left hand．
              （68） ______ ．The rice is not on the same plate with the other food．It is not necessary to finish all your rice or all your food．It is good to leave a little on your plate．If you eat anything，it means you want more．
              （69） ______ ．The host（主人） will ask you two or three times if you want more food．It is the same with whatever you are drinking．During the meal，never empty your cup or glass．When it is less than half full，your host or neighbor will fill it again．（70） ______ ．Always refill（再加满） your neighbor's glass．This means that you must keep an eye on your neighbor's glass all through the meal．
              A．They never use knives
              B．Never fill your own glass
              C．People always offer you more food
              D．People usually have rice in a different bowl
              E．People often eat from the same bowl
              F．The spoon is more important than the fork
              难度：较易
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            • 7． Different weather influences health，intelligence（智力）and feelings．
              In August，it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States．People there（16）    heart trouble and other kinds of health problems．
              The weather can（17）     influence intelligence．For example，in a 1983report（18）    scientists，IQ（智商）of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind（19）    ，but after the strong wind，their IQ was 10%（20）    ．The wind can help people have more（21）    ．Very hot weather，on the other hand，can make it lower．Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot（22）     of the year （July and August）．
              Weather also has a strong influence on people's（23）    ．In winter，thin people usually feel cold and they might feel unhappy，（24）     winter may be a bad time for them．
              Low air pressure（气压）may make people forgetful．People（25）    more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days．People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃．
              Are you feeling sad，tired，forgetful，or unhappy today？It may be the weather's problem．

              16．A．haveB．makeC．causeD．receive
              17．A．everB．eitherC．stillD．also
              18．A．forB．byC．withD．about
              19．A．traveledB．cameC．stoppedD．moved
              20．A．worseB．lowerC．betterD．more
              21．A．influenceB．problemsC．helpD．intelligence
              22．A．monthsB．seasonsC．weeksD．holidays
              23．A．healthB．intelligenceC．feelingsD．memory
              24．A．butB．soC．becauseD．then
              25．A．forgetB．putC．leaveD．bring．
              难度：中等
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            • 8． "When it comes to Earth，there's no time to waste，"says the Earth Day Network．And that is right．Protecting our environment is very important，and World Earth Day was （16）     in 1970to raise people's environmental awareness．On April 22，People around the world celebrate Earth day．
              Every year there is a special （17）    ，and this year it is"Trees for Earth"，so Earth Day will be all about planting trees．Their goal is to plant 7.8billion trees （18）     the next five years．
              That's a big goal，and you might wonder（19）     trees are so important．Well for one，they can help stop climate change．Carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） is a chemical in our atmosphere，but    （20）     make too much of it．Each person makes about 2.3tons a year，which is bad for the environment．
              Well guess what!Trees （21）     carbon dioxide and protect the air quality．Planting new trees is important because people cut down （22）     trees．Last year，there were 3trillion（万亿） trees in the （23）    ，about 139billion in China．But according to Time，the world's total number has been （24）     cut in half since human civilization （文明） began．That's because 15billion trees are cut down every year．
              So we need to plant more to replenish （补充） the ones e've lost．One tree can take in 48pounds （21.8kg） of carbon dioxide per year．And it's still one of the cheapest and （25）    ways to get rid of carbon dioxide．
              But don't forget that you can also help the environment by cutting down on how much energy or water you use every day．Every little thing helps!
                  
              16．A．setB．producedC．createdD．found
              17．A．nameB．themeC．sayingD．sign
              18．A．forB．afterC．byD．in
              19．A．whatB．whyC．whetherD．how
              20．A．humansB．animalsC．ghostsD．plants
              21．A．take outB．put outC．take inD．put in
              22．A．countlessB．hopelessC．uselessD．endless
              23．A．wildB．worldC．forestD．space
              24．A．hardlyB．neverC．reallyD．almost
              25．A．mostB．bestC．fewestD．worst．
              难度：中等
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            • 9． If you are really interested in music festivals，then you have probably heard of the Bestival Music Festival．It (1) every September on the Isle of Wight，the UK．Since it is at the end of summer，people think it's their last (2) to go to a festival and have fun before going back to boring work．
              The dream begins (3) you start traveling to the island．To get to the campsite（营地）of the Festival，you have to take the ferry（渡轮）．The ferry is (4) of happy festival lovers who are ready to take part in the fantastic music party．After you arrive at the campsite，you can put up your (5) ．There people talk with each other openly．They are not that cold (6) those you meet in your everyday life．
              The festival lasts for four days．During that time you forget all your worries and problems，just like living in a dream．And it is really (7) for you to come back to"reality"after that．
              It seems that it is this kind of music event that makes people (8) together．It gives people a real sense of unity（团结）．I took part in the Festival with my friends the year before last．It was so exciting that we all (9) ourselves in the beautiful music．We are family sung by Sister Sledge was my favorite．I'm really looking forward to joining in it for a (10) time．
              Now，are you ready to pop over to Bestival this year？

              难度：较易
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            • 10． "When it comes to Earth，there's no time to waste，"says the Earth Day Network．And that is right．Protecting our environment is very important，and World Earth Day was (1) in 1970to raise people's environmental awareness．On April 22，People around the world celebrate Earth day．
              Every year there is a special (2) ，and this year it is"Trees for Earth"，so Earth Day will be all about planting trees．Their goal is to plant 7.8billion trees (3) the next five years．
              That's a big goal，and you might wonder (4) trees are so important．Well for one，they can help stop climate change．Carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） is a chemical in our atmosphere，but ______ (5) make too much of it．Each person makes about 2.3tons a year，which is bad for the environment．
              Well guess what!Trees (6) carbon dioxide and protect the air quality．Planting new trees is important because people cut down (7) trees．Last year，there were 3trillion（万亿） trees in the (8) ，about 139billion in China．But according to Time，the world's total number has been (9) cut in half since human civilization （文明） began．That's because 15billion trees are cut down every year．
              So we need to plant more to replenish （补充） the ones e've lost．One tree can take in 48pounds （21.8kg） of carbon dioxide per year．And it's still one of the cheapest and (10) ways to get rid of carbon dioxide．
              But don't forget that you can also help the environment by cutting down on how much energy or water you use every day．Every little thing helps!
              难度：较易
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