知识点挑题 - 初中英语 - 优优班--学霸训练营

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1． We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you to live a green life.
Remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle.
Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad.
Reuse means “use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.
Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programmes. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees.
Title: 46 to Live a Green Life

We produce waste every day and it is 47 to us. We can do something to help.
Ideas	Dos	Don’ts
To 48	Use less * Try to save something.	* Don’t buy too many things from foreign 49 .
To reuse	Use 50 * Use things for as long as possible. * Buy things that last long. * Take care of things or 51 the old things.	* Don’t use 52 cups or bags.
To recycle	Change things into something 53 Join in recycling programmes. Buy 54 made from recycled materials.	* Don’t 55 things away or burn them.

难度：中等

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2． Humans have five senses：sight，hearing，smell，taste and touch．They collect information for the brain．For example，the eyes collect information on pictures and the ears collect information on sounds．
Sometimes a person loses a sense．Their other senses become better．For example，a blind person has much better senses of hearing and touch．
Sight
The eyes can only see with light．Light carries the picture of something into the eyes so humans can see it．But do you know that the picture is upside down？The brain has to turn the picture the right way up again．
Hearing
Sounds travel through the air like waves （波）．Human ears are like cups．They catch sound waves for the brain and the brain translates them as different sounds．
Smell
Humans smell with their noses．Most people can recognize about 10，000 kinds of smell．This is amazing!Humans each have five million receptor cells （感受细胞）in their noses．Noses are not only for smelling．They also clean and warm the ail that people breathe in．How does the nose prevent the dirty air from getting into the body？Well，it sneezes（打喷嚏）！
Touch
There are receptor cells for the sense of touch all over the body．This is different from the other senses．Touch receptor cells are in the lowest part of the skin．They help the body to have all kinds of feelings like pain，cold and heat．Some parts of the body （like the finger） are more sensitive（敏感的）than other parts of the body （like the back） because they have more touch receptor cells．
Taste
People can taste food because they have about 10，000 taste buds（味蕾）on their tongues．Old taste buds die and new ones come out every two weeks．But when people get older，this happens less often．That's why old people often complain their food is tasteless．Scientists also find that smokers have fewer taste buds．Do you want food to taste good？Well，don't smoke!
For hundreds of years，people knew the basic tastes were sour，sweet，salty and bitter（苦）．In 2002，a fifth taste，umami（delicious taste） joined the list．Now，a study from Purdue University in the US found that fat could actually be the sixth basic taste．
To be considered a basic one，a taste needs to beable to active certain receptor cells in the mouths．A study has shown that humans have fat receptors in the mouths．Not long after that，a scientist made a study to test a second question：can people taste the difference between fat and other tastes？
Richard Mattes gave the testers six different kinds of things．Each kind had a taste：sweet，salty，sour，bitter，umami or the newcomer-fat．Mattes asked the people to pick out tastes by their differences．This was to test whether or not fat would be picked out from the group．Most of tlie testers could clearly find out the different taste of fat．
Then how does fat taste？"It's terrible．"Mattes said．"However，the taste can be pleasant in a small amount，just as we enjoy the bitterness of chocolate．"

senses

（111）
______

facts about the senses

sight	eyes	Pictures of real things are completely different in（112） ______ from those carried by light into the eyes．
hearing	ears	Sound waves caught by ears must go through a process like（113） ______ so that we can hear different sounds．
smell	nose	The fhnctions of nose are smelling，cleaning and warming the air people breathe in．Sneezing is the way to（114） ______ the dirty air we breathe in．
touch	（115） ______	People feel pain，cold and heat（116） ______ the fnction of the receptors．So the more touch receptors we have，the more sensitive we are．
taste	tongue	Old taste buds die and new ones come out every 2 weeks． Losing a certain amount of taste buds（117） ______ that the old and the smokers have a bad sense of taste．They can't enjoy tasty food like others．
		（118） ______	sour sweet salty bitter umami
		one newly found taste	A scientific study has proved people have fat receptors in the mouth．One（119） ______ study shows：people can clearly（120） ______ the taste of fat from other tastes．

难度：较易

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3． The Penguin Calendar
The chart above shows five activities of penguins over a period of one year，month by month．They are hole staying，nest building，（71） ______ ，chick raising and moulting．The penguins stay in the （72） ______ most of the year，from January to October．In July，they begin to build nests，just （73） ______ （before/after） they lay eggs．Chick raising lasts five months，from September to the next （74） ______ ．After chicks come out of the eggs，they begin to lose their baby hair，which is called moulting．It usually takes about （75） ______ months，from February to May．

难度：较易

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4． People have talked about whether aliens are real or not for thousands of years．Some ancient drawings over 50，000years ago are thought to be the first pictures of spacecrafts．Alien spacecrafts are often called flying saucers（飞碟）．The first person to use this name was an Amerlean，Kenneth Arnold．On 24th June，1947，he was flying a small plane in Washington State in the USA when he saw something strange．"I was looking out of the window，"Arnold said，"when I saw nine saucer-like things in front of me．"
Two other Americans，Charles Hickson and Calvin Parker，said that aliens took them into a flying saucer!They were fishing on the Mississippi River in the USA on the night of 11th October，l973．It was a dark night．The two men were sitting in their fishing boat when they saw a bright light．It was hanging in the air over the water and it looked like a flying saucer and brought Hickson and Parker into their spacecraft．In the spacecraft the aliens looked at the two men very carefully and then took them back to their boat．"The aliens were in a pale colour and had very small eyes．"Hiekson said．"But they didn't hurt us．"
In l983，Pioneer 10，an American spacecraft，went into space．On the outside of the spacecraft are 13pictures of men and women，and a map of space．If aliens find Pioneer 10，they will know how to get to the Earth!
（34）When did Kenneth Arnold see something strange as he was flying？ ______
A.11th June，1947
B.24th June，1947
C.11th October，1973
D.11th October，1983
（35）Which of the following is TRUE about Charles and Calvin？ ______
A．They were taken into a flying saucer．
B．They went to the river to wait for an alien．
C．They drew pictures of a flying saucer．
D．They drew pictures on a flying saucer．
（36）What is special about Pioneer 10？ ______
A．It sends people to other planets．
B．It brings aliens to Earth．
C．It has a map of space on it．
D．It has found many flying saucers．
（37）The first person to use the name"flying saucers"was ______ ．
A．traveling in a spacecraft
B．going to America
C．looking out of his house window
D．an American．

难度：较易

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5． Mental health is about the way you think and feel and your ability to deal with ups and downs．Even though you are mentally healthy，it doesn't mean that you don't have a menta1health problem．
Mental health is everyone's business．We all have times when we feel down or stressed．Most of the time those feelings pass，but sometimes they develop into a more serious problem．It seems that our mental health doesn't always stay the same．It can change as the environment changes and as you move through different stages （阶段）of your life．
Here are four practical ways to look after your mental health．Making simple changes to how you live doesn't cost much or take up lots of time．Anyone can follow them．
●Talk about your feelings．It can help you stay in good mental health．It isn't a sign of weakness，but part of your ability to do what you can to stay healthy．
●Eat well．What you eat and how you feel are closely connected．A proper diet can have a good effect on your mental health．
●Keep in touch．Friends and family members can offer various suggestions which may help you do everything actively and solve practical problems．
●Take a break．It could be a weekend eploring new places to enjoy the nature，or even a ten-minute break from doing your homework．A few minutes can be enough to relax you．
阅读以上信息，用恰当的词完成下面的短文，每空一词．
Mental health is about （56） ______ you think and feel and your ability to deal with ups and downs．Even
though you are mentally healthy，it is （57） ______ that you have a menta1health problem．We all have times when we feel down or stressed．Most of the time those feelings pass，but sometimes they develop into a more serious problem．Making simple changes to your （58） ______ doesn't cost much or take up lots of time．First，talk about your feelings．Second，a proper diet can have a good effect on your mental health．Third，various suggestions may be （59） ______ by your friends and family members．It helps you keep（ 60） ______ and solve practical problems．
Finally，take a break at weekends．

难度：较易

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6．

I'm Jane，from America．I can not sleep well and I always wake up several times during the night．I know for a fact that there are many other people who have trouble going to sleep，too．So，I've collected some advice I've received over the past few months that have not only helped me get to sleep faster，but helped me get better night sleeps．
Have regular sleep habits
Go to bed at the same time every night．Try not to break this habit on weekends when you may be made to stay up late．Wake up at the same time every day．If you're getting enough sleep，you should wake up naturally without an alarm．
Turn off your computer
Don't play on the computer for half an hour before you decide to sleep．Studies show that it is bad for the quality of your sleep．Read a book or listen to some light music to prepare your body for sleeping．
Have a nice bedroom
A clean environment helps people to be happy and relaxed．Make sure that you have turned off all light that might come into your room，and that the temperature is comfortable．
Exercise often
Exercising will help you to fall asleep more easily，so walk out for 45 minutes every day and you will sleep better at night．But don't do it just before you go to bed-you won't be able to sleep!
Eat properly
Eat only a little for supper．A full stomach may make it much harder for you to sleep．
任务型阅读：根据短文内容，填写下列表格，每格只填一词．

Advice on How to （71） ______ Well
Have regular sleep habits	Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day． Get （72） ______ sleep and you'll wake up naturally．
Turn off your computer	Don't play on the computer for a long time． Try to a read a book or listen to light music（73） ______ you go to sleep．
Have a nice bedroom	Keep your bedroom clean．It will make vou （74） ______ and relaxed． Turn off all light that might come into the room．
Exercise often	Go out for a （75） ______ every day for sleeping better．
Eat properly	It's much （76） ______ for you to fall asleep if you only eat a little for supper．

难度：较易

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7．
Sports are very important to us. Sports are popular with young and old people. Many people do morning exercises, go to different sports clubs and take part in sports games. Other people like sports too but they only like to watch sports games and listen to sports news. They don’t do sports.

P.E. is an important subject in our school. Students have P.E. classes five times a week. Boys and girls often play volleyball in P.E. classes. There is a big playground in our school and students like to do sports there. Our school has a lot of sports games and many students take part in them.

Sports can help people to keep healthy. People of all ages must take care of their health and do exercise regularly (有规律的). My favorite sport is swimming. I go to the swimming pool once a week. But I like relaxing by the lake or the river and swimming there.

难度：易

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8．
here are four inventions.

1 when it raina, do your shoes get wet ? Of course, they do! But you can buy these clever Umbrellas For Shoes. They keep the rain off your feet.

2 Do you have to clean the floor at home? Perhaps your cat can do a better job than you. Buy these Cleaner Cat Brushes. Then you can sit back and relax!

3 Do you talk too long on the phone? Most people do ! Save time---buy the Exercise Telephone! It weighs five kilograms. Then your calls will be less than five minutes long.

4 Do your friends sometimes come up behind you and make you jump? Do cars come around the corner when you try to cross the road ? Well, it won’t be a problem if you have Two-Way Glasses. You can look at things behind and in front of you at the same time.

难度：中等

解析收藏试题篮
9．
Dolphins talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.

Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a “school”. They don’t study, but they travel together. Dolphins are mammal（哺乳动物）, not fish, but they swim together in a school.

Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information（信息）. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say “welcome” when a dolphin comes back. They talk when they play.

They make a few sounds above(在···上面) water. They make many more sounds under water. People can’t hear these sounds because they are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds(录音) and study them.

Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large zoo. People can watch the dolphin in a show. Dolphins don’t like to be away from their school in a zoo. They are sad and lonely.

There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody’s life. Dolphin meat is good, but people don’t like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this.

难度：中等

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10． Zhalong is a nature reserve in Heilongjiang in north-east China. It is one of the world’s most important wetlands. The reserve covers an area of 210,000 hectares. The area provides food and shelter for wildlife. It is an ideal home for different kinds of plants, fish and birds.
Many birds live comfortably in Zhalong Nature Reserve all year round, while some only stay there for a short time. There are many fish in the wetlands, and the birds can easily catch them for food. Zhalong has long been called “the home of the crane”. There are 15 crane species (物种) in the world. 8 of them are in China and there are 6 species in Zhalong area. It is an important living area for the rare red-crowned cranes. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world. Every spring and summer, red-crowned cranes lay and hatch (孵化) their eggs in Zhalong.
Some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife. More and more birds are in danger because they do not have enough living space. Many of them died. The Chinese government wants to protect these endangered birds, and they can be safe in Zhalong.
Every year, a lot of tourists go to Zhalong to watch birds. This year, members of our Bird-watching Club are going to study the different kinds of birds in Zhalong and the changes in their numbers. The study begins next month.
We _______ once a year. We are now inviting secondary school students to help. We need more people to help us count and do something to help the birds.
Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands. We hope this information will help them understand and make them actively take action to protect wildlife.

难度：较易

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