The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts，pure，unprejudiced，objectively selected facts．But in these days of complex news it must provide more；it must supply interpretation，the meaning of the facts．This is the most important assignment facing American journalists﹣to make clear to the reader the problems of the day，to make international news understandable as community news，to recognize that there is no longer any such thing as"local"news，because any event in the international area has a local reaction in the financial market，political circles，in terms，indeed，of our very way of life．

There is in journalism a widespread view that when you start an interpretation，you are entering dangerous waters，the rushing tides of opinion．This is nonsense．

The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall limit himself to the"facts"．This insistence raises two questions．What are the facts？And：Are the bare facts enough？

As for the first question，consider how a so called"factual"story comes about．The reporter collects，say，fifty facts；out of these fifty，his space being necessarily restricted，he selects the ten which he considers most important．This is Judgment Number One．Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall hold the lead of the piece．This is Judgment Number Two．Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one，where it has a large influence，or on page twentyfour，where it has little．Judgment Number Three．

Thus in the presentation of a socalled"factual"or"objective"story，at least three judgments are involved．And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation，in which reporter and editor，calling upon their research resources，their general background，and their"news neutralism（中立）"，arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news．

The two areas of judgment，presentation of the news and its interpretation，are both objective rather than subjective processes﹣as objective，that is，as any human being can be．If an editor is determined to give a prejudiced view of the news，he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation．He can do it by the selection of those facts that support his particular viewpoint．Or he can do it by the place he gives a story﹣promoting it to page one or dragging it to page thirty．

Getting a cold drink might seem like the perfect way to relax after a long hot summer day, but for most Chinese, the opposite is true. They consume(喝) hot drinks through the day in spite of the weather.

The idea is that consuming anything at room temperature or below is bad for your health. “In the big family where I was brought up, no one would dare to pour even room-temperature water,” journalist Nicole Liu writes for the LA Times. “Doing this will be criticized by parents, aunts, cousins, and grandparents.”

Hot water might be useful to a certain degree, but it appears that Chinese people’s strong belief in its effects might be the result of subliminal(潜意识的) messaging. According to Liu, people’s hot water habit can date back to 1949, when the government encouraged people to drink boiled water and regard that as a way of getting rid of water-borne bacteria (bacteria carried by water). “There were boiler rooms in every place and community, and people delivered (递送) hot water to each home,” 68-year-old Li Zhenhui told Liu.

And the rule of ancient Chinese medicines cannot be ignored — they also appear to play an important role in the nation’s love for hot drinks. The consumption of warm water early in the morning has long been thought to help digestion(消化), improve blood flow, and reduce muscle pain. Hot food, on principle, is never mixed with cold water because that would cause an imbalance of temperatures. In fact, most restaurants in China provide the choice of serving soft drinks hot or at room temperature, as opposed to ice-cold in Western countries.

It seems that the Chinese like hot water for life, and will continue to do so for several generations to come. This is more than obvious from scenes of the ongoing conferences in the nation, where waiters repeatedly serve hot water to senior officials in the conference hall.

Scientists are debating how to limit their newly-discovered power to change genetic structure (结构). Scientists already modify the genes (基因) of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger. But now they can also change genes in wild animals and plants. These genes would continue into later generations. For example, it may be possible for scientists to remove from existence the kind of mosquitoes, small flying insects, that carry the Zika virus. They might also be able to permanently remove species (物种) of plants and animals that are damaging to other species.

    In a report published last week, the U. S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAS) said it supports continued research on this kind of gene control. But it warned that it is not possible to know what will happen when these changed plants and animals are released (释放) into the wild.

   Sixteen biologists, ethicists (伦理学家) and policymakers are on an NAS committee that is examining the issue. They say that there is value to the new technology. But, they say, there is not enough evidence to support the release of modified organisms (生物体) from the laboratory into nature.

   Many people would support stopping mosquitoes and rats from carrying diseases. But scientists say we must understand the possible scientific, ethical, legal and social results of such action before we decide whether to take it. Gene modification is spread through reproduction (繁殖).

  Changed genes will continue to spread as long as an animal or plant continues to reproduce. They cannot be limited to a farm or kept within a country's borders. Scientists are wondering what may happen if a modified organism mates with another species. They are not yet sure how the modified genes would affect the other species. It is possible that those genes could harm those creatures or even lead to their disappearance from our planet.

Your body, which has close relations with the food you eat, is the most important thing you own, so it needs proper treatment and proper nourishment(营养), The old saying” An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” is not as silly as some people think. The body needs fruit and vegetables because they contain vitamin C. Many people take extra vitamins in pill form, believing that these will make them healthy. But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins you need. The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins, so why waste money on them?

   In the modern western world, many people are too busy to bother about eating properly. They throw anything into their stomachs, eating hurriedly and carelessly. The list of illnesses caused or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening.

Scientists have exactly discovered the set of brain cells involved in making risky decisions, and have been able to control them in rats using targeted light. By changing the activity of the cells they were able to change the behaviour of risk-taking rats to avoid risk, hinting the approach could in future be used to treat people with impulse (冲动) control problems.

Risk-taking is a key part of survival, knowing when to take a chance could pay off—such as moving to a new area to look for food when pickings are slim.

While all animals need an element of risk, the preference towards it varies between individuals. Researchers found this variation, which determines how risk-averse an individual is, is regulated by brain cells in a region of the brain called the nucleus accumbens. This cluster of neurons releases the neurotransmitter dopamine, which regulates the brain’s reward and pleasure centres.

Previous studies have shown that in patients with Parkinson’s disease, taking medication which blocks specific dopamine receptors (DR2) (受体) leads to increased gambling (赌博) behaviour and risk taking behaviour. In studies with rats, researchers were able to use a technique called optogenetics (光遗传学)—which uses light sensitive proteins to change the activity of cells—to modify cells with DR 2 in the nucleus accumbens.

Rats were trained to choose one of two levers, offering them a choice between a “safe” or “risky” choice. The safe option resulted in a small, but consistent amount of a sugar water treat. But the risky choice consistently delivered smaller amounts of sugar water, with the occasional large pay off—essentially encouraging the animals to gamble for a bigger prize. Around two-thirds of the animals weren’t keen on risk, opting for the safe option, but the remaining third were risk-seekers. Brain scans of the animals showed that those with low levels of DR2 consistently went for the gamble.

But using pulses of light to stimulate (刺激) the DR2 cells and improve their activity could cause the risk-takers to play it safe and opt for the guaranteed but less rewarding option. Once the light-pulses stopped, the risk-takers returned to their gambling strategy.

In the risk-averse animals, stimulating the same cells had little to no effect.

Professor Karl Deisseroth, of Stanford University in California, said: “Humans and rats have similar brain structures involved.”And we found a drug known to increase risk preference in people had the same effect on the rats. So every indication is that these findings are relevant to humans. “Risky behavior has its moments where it’s valuable. As a species, we wouldn’t have come as far as we have without it.”

The common cold is the worldˈs most widespread illness, which is a plague that man receives.

    The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions, explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contract again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.

    During the First World War, soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, seldom caught colds.

    In the Second World War, prisoners at Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starved, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.

    At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in a room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.

    If then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in winter? Despite the most hard research, no one has yet found out the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and that makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.

    No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killers such as aspirin, but all that they do is to relieve the symptoms.

As soon as you meet, or even see, a person, you form an impression of him based on his posture, gesture and facial expressions. This is why it is important to make a good first impression on the person who will be interviewing you. Within the first 60 seconds of meeting you, the interviewer will have formed an impression about what type of person you are and what kind of employee you would become, and 55% of this will be based only on your body language. Here are some tips to make you that impression a good one.

First of all, relax. Think positive thoughts and you are more likely to come across as a positive, confident person during the interview. Dress smartly, as your appearance is one of the first things an interviewer will notice you. Stand up straight, and walk in with your shoulders back and your head up. Try to avoid slowing down as you walk into the room because this suggests fear and uncertainty. Shake hands with the interviewer firmly. You should have a positive handshake and a warm smile. Open your coat or jacket as you sit down shows that you, too, are open.

Posture is important. You should be sitting well back in your seat. Sit up straight and lean forward slightly, but not too much. Sitting at too much of an angel expresses discomfort and distrust. Two of the most common defensive(防卫的) signals are crossing your arms and legs, so try to avoid them.

Another important issue is eye contact. Looking someone in the eye shows confidence in yourself and trust in the other person. However, don’t overdo it, as too much eye contact or starring will make the other person uncomfortable. Use more eye contact when listening than when talking, and when you look away, look down. Looking up at the ceiling will make you seem bored and rude.

You’re eating too much chocolate. And it’s getting so out of control that the world could be headed towards a disaster if it doesn’t stop.

Chocolate shortages are becoming a regular thing. We are suffering the worst chocolate shortages in more than 50 years. Last year, the world consumed(消耗) 70,000 metric tons more cocoa than it produced. By 2020, that number could increase to 1 million metric tons.

The problem is, for one, a supply issue. Dry weather in West Africa has greatly reduced production in the region. It has wiped out over 30 percent of global cocoa production. Because of this, cocoa farming has proven a very tough business, and many farmers have shifted to more profitable crops, like corn, as a result.

Then there’s the world’s huge appetite for chocolate. China growing love for it is of particular concern. The Chinese are buying more and more chocolate each year. Still, they each only eat about 5 percent of what the average Western European eats. There’s also the rising popularity of dark chocolate, which contains more cocoa than traditional chocolate bars.

For these reasons, cocoa prices have climbed by more than 60 percent since 2012, when people started eating more chocolate than the world could produce. And chocolate makers have, in turn, been forced to adjust by raising the price of their bars.

Efforts to change the growing imbalance have inspired an innovation(革新，创新). Specifically, an agricultural research group is developing trees that can produce up to seven times the amount of beans that traditional cocoa trees can.

In this process, chocolate, like the chicken and strawberries, will go from tasty to forgettable on the road to plenty. It’s unclear whether anyone will mind it if it keeps prices down. And the industry certainly won’t mind, as long as it helps to deal with the shortage.

      On February 14, people look forward to getting cards from friends-cards that say, “Will you be my Valentine?” Did you ever wonder why? And what does that even mean?

       As it turns out, people have been celebrating Valentine’s Day for centuries, in one form or another. In fact, historians say it may begin with a Roman holiday that goes back more than 2,000 years. They say Valentine’s Day has its roots in an agricultural festival called the Feast of Lupercalia—a festival that was celebrated every year on February 14, just as Valentine’s Day is today.

       Around 500 A.D., a Roman Catholic Pope named Gelasius decided to replace the Feast of Lupercalia with a Christian festival. So February 14 became a day to honor Saint Valentine. Why?

       According to legend, Saint Valentine had been thrown in prison several centuries earlier for disobeying a Roman emperor. The legend says that while Saint Valentine was in prison, he fell in love with the jailor’s daughter and sent her a note he signed, “From your valentine.”

       That’s supposedly where the tradition of sending Valentines began. The Saint Valentine’s Day celebration eventually spread to France, England and other countries.

       At first, people used to exchange hand-written notes with their Valentines. But in the 1840s, a woman named Esther Howland created the first commercially produced Valentine’s Day greeting cards in the United States. Nowadays, according to one report, more people send cards to friends around Valentine’s Day than on any other holiday except Christmas. Today, Valentine’s Day is no longer a religious holiday. It’s just a day to show your friends you appreciate them. Chocolate and flowers are among the most common ways people show that appreciation. In fact, the people who keep track of chocolate sales say that more than $1 billion worth is sold around Valentine’s Day.

       And according to the National Retail Federation, people will spend $2.1 billion this year on flowers. But you don’t have to buy anything for your Valentine. A home-made card is just fine. After all, it’s the thought that counts.

Have you ever played the video dance game? Now such games are used to help lose weight!

Like many other teenage boys, Jones loved sports. But at 5 feet, 175 pounds, he found his weight a trouble. His doctor wanted him to lose 50 pounds so that he may catch up with the football game by the end of summer.

Jones chose the popular dance revolution video game at home to increase his activity. He had lost about 10 pounds by changing his diet. Now, after two weeks playing the game, he has lost another 10!

The health study is being done by an insurance company, which hopes that game will lead to better health and lower costs. “Obesity claims(肥胖索赔) last year cost us $77 million. We have to cut those costs”, said a member of the insurance group. The company provides a game console(游戏主机), a dance mat and software for the six-month, $ 60,000 study.

The study is more than commercial thing of an insurance company. It is widely supported by physical education and health professionals.

In West Virginia, 43% of the nearly 6,000 children examined for heart disease risk were considered over-weighted; more than 25% were too fat. “We are in a crisis of childhood obesity not only in West Virginia but in America,” said a researcher.

Researchers are looking at the potential for improving effects by using the game. A teacher in West Virginia has been using the video game in her classes since last fall. She reported that the game does improve heart health as well as eye-hand coordination, and her students take the video game as a great alternative to jumping rope or ball games.

The US Education Department is putting the game in 20 schools to control childhood obesity. Well, are you going to try such a game to dance away your extra weight?