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50
条信息
1.
It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.Each class had unique characteristics.
In recent years,many writers have begun to speak the'decline of class'and'classless society'in Britain.And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.
But pronouncing the death of class is too early.A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52percent thought there were still sharp class differences.Thus,class may not be culturally and politically obvious,yet it remains an important part of British society.Britain seems to have a love of
stratification
.
One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent.The words a person speaks tell her or his class.A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice,Most people said this accent sounded'educated'and'soft'.The accents placed at the bottom in this study,on the other hand,were regional(地区的)city accents.These accents were seen as'common'and'ugly'.However,a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.
In recent years,however,young upper middle-class people in London,have begun to adopt some regional accents,in order to hide their class origins.This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed.However,the 1995pop song'Common People'puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may'want to live like common people'they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.
41.A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain
.
A.it is time to end class distinction
B.most people belong to middle class
C.it is easy to recognize a person’s class
D.people regard themselves socially different
42.The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
.
A.variety
B.most people belong to middle class
C.authority
D.qualification
43.The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as
.
A.regional
B.educated
C.prejudiced
D.unattractive
44.British attitudes towards accent
.
A.have a long tradition
B.are based on regional status
C.are shared by the Americans
D.have changed in recent years
45.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The middle class is expanding
B.A person’s accent reflects his class
C.Class is a key part of British society
D.Each class has unique characteristics.
难度:中等
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2.
Multitasking
What is the first thing you nitice when you walk into a shop?The products displayed (展示) at the entrance?Or the soft background music?
But have you ever notice the smell?Unless it is bad,the answer is likely to be no.But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sightsand sounds,it is certainly there.And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance,via scent machines.A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores,customers’intension to purchase increased by 80percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs,scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on slaes.That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.
Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’disproving attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays.Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience.But while e-shops can use sights and sounds,only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop,but rather a
destination
.And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department,and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section.A department store has even opened a new lab,inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books,pots and drawers,in search of their perfect scent.
67.According to the passage,what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?
A.Friendly assistant.
B.Unique scents.
C.Soft background music
D.attractive window display.
68.E-shops are mentioned in the passage to
.
A.ashow the advantages of brick-and-mortar stores
B.urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C.push stores to use sights and sounds
D.introduce the rise of e-commerce
69.The underlined word“destination”in Paragraph 5means
.
A.a platform that exhibts goods
B.a spot where travelers like to stay
C.a place where customers love to go
D.a target that a store expects to meet
70.The main purpose of the passage is to
.
A.compare and evaluate
B.examine and assess
C.argue and discuss
D.inform and explain.
难度:中等
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3.
Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.
In Brazil
Brazilians are warm and friendly.They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible,with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe,be on time.Meals can stretch for hours-there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social,preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls.
In Singapore
Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small,polite bow.Business cards should be offered and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be on time.Efficiency(效率) is the goal,so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussions,even when the subject is about money.Rank is important and authority is respected.This determines both people interact in meetings.For example,people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.
In the United Arab Emirates
In the UAE,status is important,so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere.So,do not pull away the handshake.Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their homes,but they also hold business meals at restaurants.Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.When meetings are one-to-one,if your host offers you coffee,you should refuse.It might seem odd,but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.
In Switzerland
The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.They also are respectful of private lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality (守时) is vital,something that comes from a deep respect for others’time.Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They also have clear structure in their companies.Higher-ups make the final decisions,even if others might disagree.Neat,clean dress is expected.The Swiss follow formal table manners.They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate.
46.The passage is mainly about
.
A.communication types B.the workplace atmosphere
C.customs and social manners D.living conditions and standards
47.Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?
.
A.They put efficiency in the first place.
B.They dislike face-to-face communication.
C.They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.
D.They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.
48.In the UAE,when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?
.
A.When greeting seniors.B.When meeting the host alone.
C.When attending a presentation.D.When dining with business partners.
49.In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?
.
A.In Brazil.B.In Singapore.
C.In the United Arab Emirate.D.In Switzerland.
难度:中等
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4.
I left university with a good degree in English Literature,but no sense of what I wanted to do.Over the next six years,
I was treading water,
just trying to earn an income.I tried journalism,but I didn’t think I was any good,then finance,which I hated.Finally,I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher.I loved working with books,although the job that I did was dull.
I had enough savings to take a year off work,and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel.Attending a Novel Writing MA course gave me the structure I needed to write my first 55,000 words.
It takes confidence to make a new start-there’s a dark period in-between where you’re neither one thing nor the other.You’re out for dinner and people ask what you do,and you’re too ashamed to say,“Well,I’m writing a navel,but I’m not quite sure if I’m going to get there.”My confidence dived.Believing my novel could not be published,I put it aside.
Then I met an agent(代理商)who said I should send my novel out to agents.So,I did and,to my surprise,got some wonderful feedback.I felt a little hope that I might actually become a published writer and,after signing with an agent,I finished the second half of the novel.
The next problem was finding a publisher.After two-and-a-half years of no income,just waiting and wondering,a publisher offered me a book deal-that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for.
It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck-of fate,really.When you set out to do something different,there’s no end in sight,so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract(合同)of the publisher-to be a published writer-is unbelievably rewarding(有回报的).
49.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.I was waiting for good fortune.
B.I was trying to find an admirable job.
C.I was being aimless about a suitable job.
D.I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.
50.The author decided to write a novel
.
A.to finish the writing course
B.to realize her own dream
C.to satisfy readers’wish
D.to earn more money
51.How did the writer feel halfway with the novel?
A.Disturbed.
B.Ashamed.
C.Confident.
D.Uncertain.
52.What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph?
A.It pays to stick to one’s goal.
B.Hard work can lead to success.
C.She feels like being unexpectedly lucky.
D.There is no end in sight when starting to do something.
难度:中等
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5.
Spring is coming,and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs.Competition is tough,so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices.Whatever we are wearing,our family and friends may accept us,but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身)nose rings,or certain dress styles.It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover,yet people do“cover”themselves in order to convey (传递)certain messages.What we wear,including tattoos and nose rings,is an expression of who we are.Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances»so do companies.Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons,but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom,but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money.Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees (雇员),because those people represent the companies to their customers.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers.There are plenty of well-qualified candidates,so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers.Even though I am open-minded,I can’t expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer.No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply cause he or she is unwilling to respect its standards,as long as its standards are legal.
57.Which of the following is the newspaper editor’opinion according to Paragraph 2?
A.People’s appearances carry messages about themselves.
B.Customers’choices influence dress standards in companies.
C.Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.
D.Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.
58.What can be inferred from the text?
A.Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.
B.What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.
C.Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.
D.Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.
59.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.Employees Matter
B.Personal Choices Matter
C.Appearances Matter
D.Hiring Managers Matter
60.The author’s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as
.
A.enthusiastic
B.negative
C positive
D.sympathetic.
难度:中等
解析
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6.
Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies.Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular seetions of the general public,and then they have sold audiences to advertisers.
An attraction of sport programs for the major U.S.media companies is that events are often held on Saturday and Sunday afternoons-the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing.Sport events arethe most popular weekend programs,especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week.This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.
Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports.The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract made viewers.They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers,cars and life insurance.
Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming.These sports attract few viewers,and the ratings(收视率)are unusually low.However,the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers.It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States,to certain advertisers.It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States,including many lawyers and business managers.This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high-priced cars.business and personal computer,and holiday trips.This is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings.
Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high-income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of“company cars”and computer,with such viewers,these programs don’t need high ratings to stay on the air.
41.Television sport programs on weekend afternoons
.
A.result in more sport event
B.get more viewers to play sports
C.make more people interested in television
D.brirng more money to the television networks
42.Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?
A.Because there would be few viewers
B.Because the advertisers would be off work
C.Becausetlevision programs would go slowy
D.Because viewers would pay less for watching television
43.In many families,men make decision on
.
A.holiday
B.sports viewing
C.television shopping
D.expensive purchases
44.The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because
.
A.their advertisers are carmakers
B.their viewers are attracte by sports
C.their advertisers target at rich people
D.their viewers can afford expensive cars
45.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Television viewers are determined by male viewers
B.Rich viewers contribute most to television companies
C.Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television
D.Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport event.
难度:中等
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7.
For those who are tired doing the laundry,Samsung has found an answer:a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).
Strange though it may seem-“my wife already does that”was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week-Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them“smart”.
Last year,it was a refrigerator that tweeted.This year,it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers,available starting in the spring,connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application.The phone can then be used as a remote control,so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it’s not just something new-the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out,you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home,so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,”said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day,more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps,but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do-enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done,users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
72.What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?
.
A.The machine will be a big success.
B.their wives like doing the laundry.
C.The machine is unrelated to their life.
D.This kind of technology is familiar to them.
73.What can we learn about the new laundry machines?
.
A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing
B.They can be controlled with a smartphone
C.They are difficult to operate
D.They are sold at a low price
74.We can conclude form Samsung’s statements that
.
A.the app connection makes life easier
B.it is better to dry clothes in the morning
C.smartphone can shorten the drying time
D.we should refresh clothes back at home
75.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
.
A.The laundry should be frequently checked
B.Lazy people like using such machines
C.Good technologies also cause problems
D.Television may help do the laundry.
难度:中等
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8.
Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain,a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says.In a letter addressed to the justice secretary,Ken Clarke,40archaeologists write of their“deep and widespread concern”about the issue.It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years,regardless of their age.The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.
“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied,whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension,is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,”they write.
The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400dig sites,including the remains of 60or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008that date back to 3,000BC.Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time,but eventuallly the bones will have to be returned to the ground.
The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk,where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000years ago.If human remains were found at Happisburgh,they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was.Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.
Before 2008,guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest,while the Burial Act 1857applied to more recent remains.The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary,but has so far failed to revise it.
Mike Parker Pearson,an archaeologist at Sheffield University,said:“Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem,but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”
The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied,or on what records should be kept.
72、According to the passage,scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because
.
A.it is only a temporary measure on the human remains
B.it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research
C.it was introduced by the government without their knowledge
D.it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains
73.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.
B.Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.
C.Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.
D.Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.
74.What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?
A.The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.
B.The Burial Act 1857only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.
C.The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.
D.The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.
75.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A.New discoveries should be reburied,the government demands.
B.Research time should be extended,scientists require.
C.Law on human remains needs thorough discussion,authorities say.
D.Law could bury ancient secrets for ever,archeologists warn.
难度:中等
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9.
The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to
address
the needs of the homeless population in the United States.It is a network of offices,some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population,and some of which fight for the passing of laws that of over two hundred million people living in the United States,up to three million are homeless-and the number is still growing.Since the late 1970s,fast rising house prices,large cuts in government supported housing programs,and economic recession(经济衰退)have made it impossbile for many Americans to meet housing costs.Sadly,this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordable homes.According to another research,families with children appear to be the fastest-growing part of the homeless population,making up 39% of it.The old idea of a homeless person,that of the single man who gets drunk all the time,is no longer true.A much lager part of the population now finds itself homeless.Even worse,once a person becomes homeless,he often finds it impossible to find a job,since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job applicaton.
67.The word“address”in the first line probably means
.
A.talk about B.deal with C.fight for D.write to
68.How many people are homeless in the U.S.according to the Coalition studies?
.
A.39% of the population.
B.200 million people.
C.About 3 million people.
D.About one-fifth of the population.
69.Homeless people often have difficulty finding a job because
.
A.they have no home addresses
B.they mostly have a drinking problem
C.they aren't supported by government programs
D.they often don't have enough work experience
70.What is the main cause of the rising number of the homeless in the U.S.?
.
A.The passing of new housing laws.
B.The fast growth of family size.
C.The slow construction of houses.
D.The ever-rising price of housing.
难度:中等
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10.
The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper.It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.
Trevor,C.O.,Lansford,B.and Black,J.W.,2004,“Employee turnover (人事变更) and job performance:monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion“,Journal of Armchair Psychology,vol.113,no.1,pp.56-64.
In this article Trevor et al.review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance,turnover rates and employees'job attitude.The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in Vancouver,Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth.Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans.The article is useful as Trevor et al.suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees'job attitude and performance.The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management,thus the authors indicate that further,more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance.As this article was published in a professional journal,the findings can be considered reliable.It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures.
69.The research paper published is primarily concerned with
A.the way of preventing employee turnover
B.methods of improving employee performance
C.factors affecting employee turnover and performance
D.pay structures based on employee performance
70.As is mentioned in the card,the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that
.
A.the data analysis is hardly reliable
B.the research sample is not wide enough
C.the findings are of no practical value
D.the research method is out-of-date
71.Who might be most interested in this piece of information?
A.Job hunters.
B.Employees in blue-chip companies.
C.Mid-level managers.
D.Researchers on employee turnover.
难度:中等
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