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            • 1. Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.
              Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
              Many of us invest valuable time,energy and money planning our vacations.We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us.Research proves this feeling without a doubt.Vacations help us perform better at work,improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
              Yet,despite these benefits,many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK-but not great.In order to change this,some mistakes should be avoided.A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分)•Perhaps you’re planning a trip to Europe,seven cities in 10days,and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list Sounds fine in theory,but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness-time to take in our new surroundings,time to be present and absorb our travel experiences.Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal,how to get from A to B,or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey.These issues may seem important,but our psychological state of mind is far more important.
              Actually,vacation happiness is based on the following top rules.First,choose your travel companions wisely,because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions.Second,don’t spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood.Third,shop wisely,for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.

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            • 2. Many people believe that classical music is not relevant music is not relevant to young people today.However,this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.
              Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people.For example,if you look at the audience at a classical concert,the majority is over the age of fifty.
              Others say it is more popular than we first imagine.Many young people listen to classical music without realising.It is often used in films and advertisements.For example.a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990World Cup.Not many people could have given its name,but millions enjoyed it.
              Also,some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas:for example,it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912,but it is now used by young people in pop music.
              However,young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology.To play a classical instrument,such as a violin,you need to study hard and practise for hours.Nowadays,you don't need to get aching arms from practising.A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom.
              A final point to in mind is that the term“classical music“is used to refer to a great variety of music,from jazz to pieces  for large orchestras(管弦乐队).This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people.
              So,it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments,but when it comes to enjoying classical music,it depends on the piece of music.It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realise!

              TitleClassical Music
              IntroductionThe issue of whether classical music is (76)     to young people causes heated debate.
              OpinionsEvidence
              ★Classical music is associated only with old peonl.☆(77)    of the audience at a classical concert are over fifty.
              ★Many young people don’t (78)    
              some music they listen to is classical.
              ☆Classical music is often found in films and advertisements.
              ★Classical ideas provide a (79)    
              for producing new music.
              ☆Young people now (80)     rap in popular music.
              ★(81)    has put classical music at a disadvantage.☆A young man can write and make music on a computer (82)     in his bedroom.
              ★“Classical music”can refer to various (83)     of music.☆Classical music (84)     from jazz to pieces for large orchestras.
              ConclusionClassical music may still be (85)     by young people today.
            • 3. While there is no widely accepted definition of MOOCs,their key features are open access:they are currently free to participants,no entry qualifications are required,they support an unlimited number of participants and as yet,very few include any form of accreditation (认证).
              Currently offered by some famous universities,MOOCs are attractive to people who do not have the financial resources to meet the growing costs of university education,or who do not have formal qualifications.They also allow participants to study at their own pace.
              The potential for MOOCs to deliver education is obviously vast-they could be considered as a huge step forwards in widening participation.They also have the potential to provide a unique window on universities that offer popular and valuable courses,they may attract some participants to register for formal fee-paying programmes at the same or other universities and are likely to promote new ways of on-line education.
              However,it is still very early days for MOOCs.The quality of the education provision is highly variable,with many courses offering only recordings of lectures,and delivery is particularly difficult in some special fields that require practical classes,research projects or extensive library access.Besides,wider engagement with participants requires very considerable resource.Even limited feedback or examination becomes a major task if there are several thousand students in the class.
              Considering the challenges,some people argue MOOCs will soon evaporate (蒸发).But they certainly provide good opportunity for widening higher education,are a means of raising awareness of universities to audiences of tens or hundreds of thousands,and are well worthy of serious consideration.

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            • 4. Since the earliest civilizations,people have controlled rivers to meet society's demands.Today,rivers are controlled for many reasons,primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily,agricultural and industrial needs,for power generation,for navigation (航行),and to prevent flooding.
              River control is achieved by channelization,a term that covers a range of river engineering works,including widening,deepening,straightening and stabilization of banks,and by the construction of dams.
              An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the l9'th century,when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened.One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River,a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary.The controlling of the Tisza,designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture,included cutting off more than 100 meanders (河曲),shortening the river's length by nearly 400kilometers.
              One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them.The past 50years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide,and at the beginning of the 21st century,there were about 800,000dams globally,some towering more than 200meters in height.
              Despite their successes,many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful.Some particularly deep reservoirs (水库) can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water.Downstream of a reservoir,the river is certainly influenced in many ways:water volume,speed and quality are all affected,leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals.

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