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            • 1. In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
              Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
                 Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
              Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
                The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that"the production,distribution,and use of products-as well as management of the resulting waste-all result in greenhouse gas release."Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start-for instance,buying reusable products and recycling.
                In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place
              Governments'incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television
                 From the governments'point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
              32.Which does NOT belong to electronic waste?    
              A.cell-phones    B.computers    C.television    D.personal digital assistant
              33.What's the author's purpose to mention the Swiss study?    
              A.the weight of e-goods is rather small
              B.natural minerals contain more precious metals
              C.E-waste deserves to be made good use of
              D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
              34.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended    
              A.from producers to governments      
              B.from government to individuals
              C.from individuals to distributors      
              D.from governments to producers
              35.What does the passage mainly talk about    
              A.how to increase e-waste.
              B.how to manage e-waste.
              C.what's the result of e-waste.
              D.how serious the e-waste is.
            • 2. The meaning of the word"volunteer"may be a little different in different countries,but it usually means"one who offers his or her services."There are many different ways in which people can volunteer,such as taking care of sick people,working on homes for homeless children,and picking up garbage (垃圾) from beaches and parks.Volunteers may work within their countries or in other countries.They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves.Volunteers don't expect any kind of pay.
                At the root of volunteering is the idea that one person may have the ability to offer services that can help other people.Tracy,a good friend of mine,however,recently came back from India with a new idea of what being a volunteer means.She worked for two and a half weeks in one of Mother Teresa's homes in Calcutta.The following is her story.
              "I first heard about Mother Teresa in my high school,we watched a video(录像) about her work in India and all over the world.I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school,I too wanted to try her kind of work.So with two friends I flew to Calcutta for a few weeks."
              "I was asked to work in a home for sick people.I helped wash clothes and sheets,and pass out lunch.I also fed the people who were too weak to feed themselves and tried to cheer the up.I felt it was better to share with them than to think that I have helped them.To be honest,I don't think I was helping very much.It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help,but to learn about and experience another culture(文化) that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world."
              21.According to the text,a volunteer refers to a person who    
              A.is willing to help those in need without pay
              B.can afford to travel to different places
              C.has a strong wish to be successful
              D.has made a big fortune in life
              22.Tracy started her work as a volunteer    
              A.after she met Mother Teresa
              B.after she finished high school
              C.when she was touring Calcutta
              D.when she was working in a hospital
              23.Why did Tracy choose to be a volunteer?    
              A.She liked to work with Mother Teresa.
              B.She had already had some experience.
              C.She was asked by Mother Teresa's example.
              D.She wanted to follow Mother Teresa's example.
              24.What is Tracy's"new idea"(Paragraph 2)of being a volunteer?    
              A.Going abroad to help the sick.
              B.Working in Mother Teresa's home.
              C.Doing simple things to help the poor.
              D.Improving oneself through helping others.
            • 3. Most middle school students find it boring to learn Math.But students in Yat Sen middle school in New York,US,don't think so.Why?Because they are in the school of One Program,which asks students to work on their own or in small groups on computers to have math lessons.
              "The program gives the students a new learning style.No traditional classroom can compare with it.We give each lesson according to the students'interest and their strong and weak points,"said Joel.Klein,the school's head teacher,"we're looking for a new way that interests students."
              Students enjoy these math lessons,especially lessons with video games.They must find out the answers to math problems to get through the game.One such game is Dimension M.As students move through mazes(迷宫) with their keyboards,some questions come up.
              Caleb Deng had to answer the question:What is 5+(6×3)?He calculated on paper quickly because there was just a minute left to play.
              "I was right,"said Deng,14,as he ended the game with a high score (高分)."This really makes math lessons more exciting,since we are fighting to learn better."
              26.Students in Yat Sen Middle School like math because    
              A.they work in large group          
              B.they can work on computer
              C.the teachers are interesting       
              D.math questions are easy there
              27.Which is NOT true of the program?    
              A.It is very successful.
              B.It is boring to most students.
              C.It makes learning math more interesting.
              D.It gives the students a new way to learn.
              28.The underlined word"calculated"in Paragraph 4most probably means    
              A.worked out    
              B.wrote down    
              C.threw away     
              D.gave up
              29.Caleb Deng's story serves as (充当) an example to show    
              A.how students work in small groups
              B.how to end a game with a high score
              C.how the question 5+(6×3)should be solved
              D.how students learn math through video games
              30.This article is mainly about    
              A.how to learn math well         
              B.an interesting math lesson
              C.a new way to learn math        
              D.kids in Yat Sen Middle School.
            • 4. Nowadays it is a trend in China to buy things looking nice,especially when people decide to buy something as a gift for their friends.Doing so has automatically triggered a rapid development in packaging industry,but also caused a huge waste in our national resources.
              A good example is to buy a bag of Chinese tea.The tea itself may cost more than 500CNY but it includes nearly 200CNY,for the package.Does it mean high quality when you buy goods in an attractive case?The answer is"perhaps"."Perhaps"here means 50% of a chance to buy something really good and the other 50% of the chance is to buy something crap or fake.One of my friends bought a bottle of Maotai for l800CNY,"and he was absolutely embarrassed to find there to be water in it in front of his invited guests.It is crazy.
              Things have become so expensive and so well packed that many companies produce fake products,playing the same trick.We should criticize the manufacturers that produce crap and fake goods,but should those companies that charge their customers a large amount of money just for the package be praised?No.As customers,we need to think about the question:why do we have to chase the superficial things when we buy things?Why do we have to buy friends expensive gifts?Are a notebook computer,an iPhone and electronics really something we have to buy as gifts to someone?Can we not change our ways to show our love to our beloved ones just with an item suitable instead of telling them how much it is worth?If we make statistics in our population,it is easy to find out that 99% of the people would express their hatred for bribery and corrupted officials.However,how many of us have ever asked ourselves a question like"What have I done in the past year that has promoted corruptions in our country?"

              62.Through the second example in Paragraph 2,the author wants to indicate that    
              A.buying things looking nice is a good choice
              B.things with good package don't necessarily mean good quality
              C.some companies charge customers too much money for the package
              D.his f'riends are angry to the fake Maotai.
              63.Which of the following word is similar to the underlined word"crap"?    
              A.rubbishy   B.valuable    C expensive   D rotten
              64.Which may be the best choice when we buy something for our beloved ones?    
              A.An electronic product.
              B.Something best suitable to show our love.
              C.An expensive and good-looking gift.
              C.A bag of Chinese tea.
              65.Which of the following statements is the author probably in favor of?    
              A.A great number of people have done many things related to corruption.
              B.To choose presents,we should pay much attention to superficial things.
              C.There is a minority of people hating bribery.
              D.Many companies play different tricks to promote the sales of their fake products.
            • 5. For many years there's been a debate about rewarding our children.Does it work?Is it effective?
              Some people think we should establish a standard with our kids and give them something for meeting this standard as a reward.Punishment is given out in much the same way,but it's used when certain standards of performance,behavior,etc.have not been met.Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment,and work harder when promised a valuable reward.The problem is what happens when you aren't around.
              To develop responsible,self-disciplined kids,parents need to promote certain ideas.One of these ideas is that everyone pitches in and helps in your family.Another idea is that there can be enjoyment in doing any task if we choose to make it so.When a task is for a worthy cause ( our family can enjoy the house more because I helped clean it),this message can have a big impact.
              This is how we help our kids develop a sense of responsibility.When our children develop this responsibility,they'll be more disciplined,and they'll control their emotions better.When we give rewards to our kids,we reduce the sense of responsibility.We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard,but who aren't likely to continue the performance without the carrot hanging in front of them.
              "Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while,but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior,"said Alfie Kohn,author of Punished by Rewards."Good values have to be grown from the inside out."Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time.The real rewards that your children receive will be their readiness for the complex and demanding world that waits for them-a world that rewards those who have learned the secrets of discipline responsibility.So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself,and let your kids find their own rewards.
              36.According to the passage,when children are threatened with punishment,    
              A.they may lose interest in their work
              B.they may appear to be well-behaved
              C.they may change to another person
              D.the results will be worse than usual
              37.What can we know from Paragraph 3?    
              A.Parents should promote certain ideas to help children develop.
              B.Children should be responsible for their discipline.
              C.Children should help build a good family atmosphere.
              D.No children will adapt to society without their parents'help
              38.The underlined part"the carrot"in Paragraph 4probably refers to    
              A.rewards     
              B.aims
              C.apologies    
              D.doubts
              39.According to the passage,Alfie Kohn would agree that parents should    
              A.never pay attention to the way their children do things
              B.show their children how to behave by example
              C.never punish their children
              D.help their children establish good values
              40.What's the best title for the passage?    
              A.Do you often reward your children?
              B.Should parents reward their children?
              C.When should parents reward their children?
              D.What can parents reward their children with?
            • 6. For years and years people have been saying that the rail ways are dead."We can do without railways",people say as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary.We all keep hearing that trains are slow,that they lose money,and that they're dying.But this is far from the truth.In these days of expensive oil,the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes.If you want to carry people or goods from place to place,they are cheaper than planes.And they have much in common with planes.A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway.What is more,it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another.It doesn't leave you as a plane does,miles and miles from the city center.It doesn't hold you up as a car does,in endless traffic jams.And a single train can carry goods which no plane or motorcar could ever do.
              Far from being dead,the railways are very much alive.Modern railway lines give you a smooth,untroubled journey.Where else can you eat well,sleep in comfort,feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time?And we are only at the beginning,for we have just entered the age of superfast trains(超速列车).Trains are traveling at 150miles an hour and more.Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorways we can't use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can't fly in for the same reason.
              51.The writer's idea seems to be that    
              A.we can do without railways
              B.trains have much in common with motorcars and planes
              C.motorcars and planes are not as good as trains
              D.trains are as good as motorcars and planes
              52.Some people think the railways are unnecessary for many reasons except that    
              A.planes and motorcars have taken the place of trains
              B.oil is expensive today
              C.trains are slow
              D.always lose money
              53.The writer thinks that the railways,far from being dead,are very much alive because    
              A.we can have a smooth and untroubled journey
              B.we'll not have enough money to fly in planes
              C.we can now travel in super-fast trains
              D.all the above
              54.Which of the following is not true according to the writer?    
              A.It is cheaper to travel by train than by plane.
              B.The railway station is usually at the center of a city.
              C.When you get off the plane you will find yourself right in the city center.
              D.No motorcar or plane can carry as many goods as a train does.
              55.The best title for this passage may be    
              A.Oh,Super-fast Trains
              B.Which is the Best:Train,Motorcar or Plane
              C.Trains Are More Competitive than Motorcars or Planes
              D.Not the End,but the Beginning.
            • 7. What is colour?Why do some of the things around us look red,some green,others blue?
              Colours are really made by reflected(反射) light.We see colours because most of the things reflect light.Something is red,for it reflects most of the red light.In the same way,if something is green it reflects most of the green light.If something reflects all light,it is white.
              Some of the light is reflects and some is taken in and turned into heat.The darker the colour is,the less light is reflected,the more light is taken in.So dark-coloured clothes are warmer in the sun than light-coloured clothes.

              61.When something reflects light,we can    
              A.see its heat    
              B.see its colour   
              C.not see its colour   
              D.see nothing
              62.Something looks white because it reflects    
              A.some light    
              B.no light    
              C.all light      
              D.most light
              63.The dark-coloured clothes are warm because     is take in.
              A.less light   
              B.more  light   
              C.more colour   
              D.less colour
              64.In summer     make people feel cool.
              A.dark-coloured clothes  
              B.red-coloured clothes
              C.green-coloured clothes    
              D.light-coloured clothes
              65.What's the best title(题目) of this passage?    
              A.Colour  
              B.Dark  Colour    
              C.Heat     
              D.Clothes.
            • 8. Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Website you've visited,Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
              In fact,it's likely some of these things have already happened to you.Who would watch you without your permission?It might be a spouse,a girl friend,a marketing company,a boss,a cop or a criminal.Whoever it is,they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen---the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
              Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy,that it's important to reveal yourself to friends,family and lovers in stages,at appropriate times.But few boundaries remain.The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are,where you are and what you like.In some cases,a simple Google search can reveal what you think.Like it or not,increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
              The key question is:Does that matter?
              For many Americans,the answer apparently is"no."
              When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy,most say they are concerned about losing it.A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy,with 60percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is"slipping away,and that bothers me."
              But people say one thing and do another.Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy.Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements.And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards.Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠卷).
              But privacy does matter-at least sometimes.It's like health:When you have it,you don't notice it.Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.

              66.What does the author mean by saying"the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked"(Lines 3-4,Para.2)?    
              A.People's personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.
              B.In the 21st century people try every means to look into others'secrets.
              C.People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.
              D.Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.
              67.What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?    
              A.Friends should open their hearts to each other.
              B.Friends should always be faithful to each other.
              C.There should be a distance even between friends.
              D.There should be fewer disputes between friends.
              68.Why does the author say"we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret"( Line5,para.3)?    
              A.Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.
              B.People leave traces around when using modern technology.
              C.There are always people who are curious about others'affairs.
              D.Many search engines profit by revealing people's identities.
              69.What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?    
              A.They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.
              B.They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.
              C.They rely most and more on electronic devices.
              D.They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
              70.According to the passage,privacy is like health in that    
              A.people will make every effort to keep it
              B.its importance is rarely understood
              C.it is something that can easily be lost
              D.people don't cherish it until they lose it.
            • 9. For those who make journeys across the world,the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages.Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village.Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other,allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
              Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far.A price has been paid,they say,for the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed,not endured  (忍受).The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey.A journey by train also has a special charm about it.Lakes and forests and wild,open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing.On board a plane,however,there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow windows of the airplane.The soft lighting,in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know,and the hours progress slowly.
              Then there is the time spent being‘processed'at a modern airport.People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed,tickets produced,examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to another waiting area.Journeys by rail and sea take longer,yes,but the hours devoted to being‘processed'at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent.No wonder,then,that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines.
              Man,however,is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane.The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation.The holiday-maker,too,with limited time to spend,patiently endures the busy airports and the limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days,relaxing in the sun.Speed controls people's lives; time saved,in work or play,is the important thing-or so we are told.Perhaps those first horsemen,riding free across the wild,open plains,were enjoying a better world than the one we know today.They could travel at will,and the clock was not their master.

              71.What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?    
              A.Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.
              B.Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.
              C.The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.
              D.The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.
              72.How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2?    
              A.By giving examples.
              B.By giving instructions.
              C.By analyzing cause and effect.
              D.By following the order of time.
              73.According to Paragraph 3,passengers are turning back to modern high-speed trains because    
              A.they pay less for the tickets
              B.they feel safer during the travel
              C.they can enjoy higher speed of travel
              D.they don't have to waste time being‘processed'
              74.What does the last sentence of the passage mean?    
              A.They could travel with their master.
              B.They needed the clock to tell the time.
              C.They preferred traveling on horseback.
              D.They could enjoy free and relaxing travel.
            • 10. This year some twenty-three hundred teenagers (young people aged from 13to 19)from all over the world will spend about ten months in US homes.They will attend US schools,meet US teenagers,and form impressions of the real America.At the same time,about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.
              Here is a two-way student exchange in action.Fred,nineteen,spent last year in Germany with George's family.In turn,George's son Mike spent a year in Fred's home in America.
              Fred,a lively young man,knew little German when he arrived,but after two months'study,the language began to come to him.Schools were completely different from what he had expected-much harder.Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room.They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States.There were almost no outside activities.
              Family life,too,was different.The father's word was law,and all activities were around the family rather than the individual(个人).Fred found the food too simple at first.Also,he missed having a car.
              "Back home,you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time.In Germany,you walk,but you soon learn to like it."
              At the same time,In America,Mike,a friendly German boy,was also forming his idea."I suppose I should criticize(批评) American schools,"he says."It is far too easy by our level.But I have to say that I like it very much.In Germany we do nothing but study.Here we take part in many outside activities.I think that maybe your schools are better in training for citizens(公民).There ought to be some middle ground between the two.

              62.The world exchange programme is mainly to    
              A.help teenagers in other countries know the real America
              B.send students in America to travel in Germany
              C.have teenagers learn new languages
              D.let students learn something about other countries
              63.Fred and Mike agreed that    
              A.American food tastes better than German food
              B.Americans and Germans were both frendly
              C.German schools were harder than American schools.
              D.There were more cars on the streets in America.
              64.What is special in American schools is that    
              A.there is some middle ground between the two teaching buildings
              B.students go outside to enjoy themselves in a car
              C.students usually take fourteen subjects in all
              D.there are a lot of after-school activities
              65.After experiencing the American school life,Mike thought    
              A.German schools trained students to be better citizens
              B.A better education should include something good from both America and Germany
              C.American schools were not as good as German schools
              D.The easy life in the American schools was more helpful to students.
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