There is( 1 ) doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years. Many people blame this change (  2)  gases such as carbon dioxide. Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide when they breathe. Many other human ( 3 ) (activity) also let off carbon gases. In order to solve this problem, one thing we can all to do is walking or

( 4 ) (use)a bicycle ( 5 )  possible. Of course, there are times when we need to travel long distance. In this case, public transport such as buses and the underground is always a ( 6 )  (good) choice than a private car or a taxi. At home you should use as little energy as possible. Turn off lights and anything else (7 )  (electricity) when not in use and its important to use( 8 ) (recycle) stuff as much as possible. Last but not least, ( 9 ) (plant) a tree every year because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air ( 10 ) (produce) oxygen.

 Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

   The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic(神经质的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.

   Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.

   Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is a longstanding debate of psychology. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.

   Personality isn't destiny(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.

What have we become? A society in which someone can have hundreds of online friends and yet go for days without human contact. We scan; we click; we text people in the next room instead of speaking to them; we even check our library books out by ourselves when once we might have chatted to a friendly person with an ink pad and a date stamp.

Loneliness can be dangerous. Recent research suggests that it may shorten people’s lives and make them more vulnerableto serious illness. It can distort (扭曲) senses of reality and even become an element that drives a few desperate young men to open fire on a cinema audience or a classroom full of children. Electronic voices on various devices can be the only ones some people hear. And what those voices say is not always true.

No man is an island, we are frequently reminded. There are those who choose to lead solitary (孤独的)lives, and live them well, but on the whole we are sociable beings and we suffer if we are on our own too much. Human contact makes us happier, although virtual relationships can be very positive.

So what could lonely people do to make real friends? An answer, among many, is to read more books. Reading begins alone but becomes a shared activity when a reader, for example, joins a book group, attends a literary festival or signs up for a continuing education course on an aspect of literature that interests them. There’s no shame in turning up to any of these alone, and fellowship is guaranteed. Fellow readers may well turn out be like-minded; it’s a basis for new friendships and sustained relationships. Sharing an understanding of a book is a good way of sharing feelings safely. Literary characters can be useful as personas.

But there is another important reason why everyone should read more books, and in particular fiction. The responsibility to fight loneliness lies with those who do not suffer from it. Lonely people often feel that there is no one who understands them or can share their point of view. They need to know that actually there are. That requires everybody else to make the imaginative leap of feeling that connection, and reading fiction helps. It makes people more empathic (移情) — sympathy for fictitious (虚构的)characters can translate into compassion (同情)in real life.

The stories of strangers reach us through many means: news bulletins, interviews, biography and memoir (回忆录), but also drama and fiction. Walking a mile in their shoes might help turn some of those strangers into real friends.

Wealthy Chinese do not have a good reputation(名声), a survey by China Youth Daily and Sina.com has found.

The poll(民意测验), conducted last week, showed about 70 percent of 3,990 interviewees believe the rich are immoral(不道德的) and not worthy of respect. Only 4 percent thought rich people are good, the survey said.

For the rich to become popular they need to do three things, the survey suggested.

First, they need to have a sense of social responsibility. Second, they need to be self disciplined, and third, they need to have a caring heart.

The number of people who make at least $50,000 ayear increases by 15 percent a year and, according to the China Economic Times, the country now has 1.5 million rich people.

The China Youth Daily and Sina.com survey found interviewees questioned how the rich became rich in the first place.

"Some rich people are thought to have gathered their wealth through illegal means, such as bribery(受贿)," said a post-graduate student at the Communication University of China.

Even so, the survey found wealthy people who obey the law, have a sense of social responsibility and a caring heart, are respected.

The poll showed about 60 percent thought these kinds of wealthy people were worthy of respect.

The survey suggested many voters were much better disposed(倾向) toward rich people from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Western economies - rather than the mainland.

Hong Kong property tycoon(巨头，大亨) Li Ka-shing was most highly regarded, followed by Bill Gates, mainland property tycoon Wang Shi and basketball player Yao Ming.

"Rich people on the mainland invest too little in charity(慈善) and gain too much," a student from Beijing Sports University said.

Yu Guoming, a professor at Renmin University of China, called on the heads of Chinese companies to think and invest in a long-term way. "Corporate social duty is not only about charity, it also connects the company with the government and the public."

Empty nest syndrome(空巢综合症) is a feeling of grief and loneliness parents may experience when their children leave home for the first time, such as to live on their own or to attend a college or university. It is not a clinical condition. However, it can affect the immune system and result in certain psychological barriers, if left untreated.

All parents are sensitive to empty nest syndrome, although some factors can create a tendency to it. Such factors include an unstable or unsatisfactory marriage, or difficulty accepting change in general. Adults who are also dealing with other stressful life events such as the death of a spouse (配偶) or retirement are also more likely to experience the syndrome.

Symptoms of empty nest syndrome can include depression, a sense of loss of purpose, worry, stress and anxiety over the child’s welfare. Many empty nest parents prefer staying indoors, and end up becoming people of few words. Parents who experience empty nest syndrome often question whether they have prepared adequately for their children to live independently.

Empty nest parents often face new challenges, such as establishing a new kind of relationship with their children, having to find other ways to occupy their free time, reconnecting with each other, and a lack of sympathy from people who believe that parents should be happy when their children leave home.

 One of the easiest ways for parents to cure empty nest syndrome is to keep in contact with their children. Technological developments such as cell phones, text messaging, and the Internet all allow for increased communication between parents and their children.

Parents going through empty nest syndrome can ease their stress by pursuing their own hobbies and interests in their increased spare time. Experts have advised that overwhelmed (不知所措的) parents keep a journal, or go back to work if they were full-time parents.

However, prevention is always better than cure. If one child has moved out and you still have others living at home with you, plan in advance for the day when your nest will be empty of all children. Small changes made over time will mean less of a shock when your last child moves out. You may find, with thought and careful planning, that the occasion of your last child leaving home will offer a little happiness too, as you can then implement your plans for an independent life with your spouse.

Friends in your life are like pillars on your porch. Sometimes they hold you up and sometimes they lean on you. Sometimes itˈs just enough to know theyˈre standing by. Friendship doubles your joy and divides your sorrow. A friendship is priceless and should be developed.

●Remembering the golden rule

Without a doubt, the greatest human relations principle is to treat other people like you want to be treated. When you show respect for your friends and gratitude for their friendship, youˈll be blessed in untold ways.

Whatever the cause of others’ rudeness, you donˈt have to accentuate(突出)the problem. A kind word or a gent le, understanding smile may help the person more than returned rudeness would.

● Considering enemies as friends

A friend looks after your own good. On the other hand, a foe(敌人)is someone who isnˈt interested in your well-being.

Yet some students view their teachers as enemies. However, a studentˈs success in school partly depends on the teacher’s effectiveness in the classroom. Instead of being an enemy, a teacher who corrects you and helps you to achieve can be the best friend you ever had.

So change this kind of thinking and adjust yourself a little, both of you are better off.

● Making friends by being an optimist

Do you enjoy being around a pessimist, someone who is generally described as being able to brighten up a room just by leaving it? The answer is obvious. Most people have a preference for being around people who believe that tomorrow is going to be better than today, rather than people who believe that today is even worse than yesterday.

● Capturing the pleasing personality

How do you develop a pleasing personality? Here are some steps you can take:

Smile when you see someone. You donˈt have to give a wide grin — just a pleasant, friendly smile.

Speak in a pleasant, upbeat tone of voice. Talk to people as if they are good friends, even if they donˈt really fall into that category yet.

Take a course in public speaking. The ability to express yourself attracts favorable attention from many sources.

Develop a sense of humor. Pick up a couple of joke books. This makes you a little more outgoing and friendly.

● Donˈt criticize unjustly

Instead of criticizing others all the time, take the humane(人道的)and sensible approach. Look for the good in others. Encourage them. Build them up.

To conclude, most people seldom think through each situation completely and consider the other personˈs point of view. If you take the time and effort to do this, youˈll end up befriending more people.

Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart(购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push thechrome-plated contraptionsmany miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging(吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的) customers.

As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

       Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school , I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas．I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas．

      I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured(冒出) from the back of my car．I stopped and wondered what I should do．A car pulled up（停下）behind me．It was the couple. They said they would take me．We chatted（聊天） and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card．I wrote them a thank-you note．Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them．Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful．

         Years later, I drove to a meeting in the morning．In late afternoon I found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery（电池） was dead．Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership（经销店） was right next door．I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom．

   "Just how friendly is Friendly Ford?" I asked and explained my trouble．They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it．They would accept no payment, so later, I wrote them a note to say thanks．I received a letter back from one of the salesmen．No one had ever written him and say thank you, and it meant a lot, he said．

"Thank you" - two powerful words．They're easy to say and mean so much．

Time management refers to managing time effectively so that the right time is allocated to the right activity.Time management is essential in every field of life because time is the precious resource one needs to accomplish a task. Every single moment that passes once will never come back again. Time management helps you do your task in time and use your time more productively. It helps you to identify the useless activities which can be avoided and how time can be saved. It helps you allocate proper time for a task and perform the task more efficiently.

A student’s daily routine is filled with a lot of activities. Some are related to his studies, some are essential for his life and some are for entertainment or physical fitness. Still some activities have no use and just waste time. Similarly if the number of the activities for entertainment exceeds what is reasonable, they waste the time of a student. These activities include using the internet for chatting, playing games, watching movies or listening to music for hours on end. Such activities are called “distracters” which distract one from one’s real purpose.\

Games and physical exercise are important for a student because they keep him fit in body and mind but game time should be controlled as it may waste his time.

No one wastes time intentionally. Time is always wasted in an insensible way. That’s why a student is aware of it until the days of exams come. So it is better to use the present time more effectively than cry over what you’ve done in the future.

As for a student, time management compromises (包括) various steps. It is not only necessary to allocate time for different subjects but also to identify right time for each such subject. ‘s more, to identify the distracters which become causes of wastage of time is of significance as well.

Take a pen and sheet. Write down all the activities you do in your daily routine. Calculate how much time you have for your studies other than other activities. Determine how much time a subject can take out of your total study time. See which subject need more time.

Time management

Do you love traveling? If the answer is yes, then have you ever thought about why? You may argue that traveling can help you enrich your knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. It will provide more chances for you to enjoy food and try on clothes that you otherwise cannot possible have. A famous English author Francis Bacon (1561-1626) makes a point when he says that, “Travel, in the younger sort, is a part of education; in the elder, a part of experience.”

Evidence of leisure travel can be traced as far back as ancient Babylon. This year, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council, the 1 billionth tourist will cross an international boundary before the end of this month. That means that one in seven people on the planet traveled this year, something that would not have been possible a few decades ago. Around 20 years ago only the rich could travel.

While the US and France remain the two largest destinations for world travel, experts say much of the explosive growth in tourism has been to countries like Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, and the Ivory Coast, which weren’t even on the world tourism map a decade ago. The top five destinations in the world, according to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, are Paris, London, New York, the Mediterranean, Turkey.

Several factors have led to the boom in world travel. The prosperity (富裕) of people in Asia is one factor. People in Asian developing countries have lifted their incomes above middle-class levels in the past few years. And a lot of them have used their new wealth to travel.  In addition, travel costs have been reduced thanks to the rapid development of transportation, and competition between airlines to give customers the best prices.