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1.
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Sharks are amazing fish that have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed.They live in waters all over the world,in every ocean,and even in some rivers and lakes.
Unlike bony fish,sharks have no bones;their skeleton(骨架) is made of cartilage(软骨),which is not nearly as hard as bone.
There are many different species of sharks that range in size from the size of a person's hand to bigger than a bus.Fullygrown sharks range in size from 7 inches(18cm) long (the Spined Pygmy shark),up to 50 feet(15m) long (the Whale shark).Most sharks are middle in size,and are about the same size as people,5-7 feet(1.5-2.1m) long.Half of the 368 shark species are under 39 inches(1m) long.
Sharks have a variety of body shapes.Most sharks have streamlined,torpedoshaped bodies that fly easily through the water.Some sharks(e.g.the angel shark) have flat bodies that allow them to hide in the sand of the ocean bed.Some sharks have a long body shape(e.g.cookiecutter sharks and wobbegongs).Sawsharks have long noses,and hammerheads have extraordinarily wide heads.The goblin shark has a large,pointed protuberance(凸起) on its head;its purpose is unknown.
There are about 368 different species of sharks,which are divided into 30 families.These different families of sharks are very different in the way they look,live,and eat.They have different shapes,sizes,colors,fins,teeth,habitat,diet,personalities,methods of reproduction,and other characters.Some types of sharks are very rare(like the great white sharks and the megamouth) and some are quite common(like the dogfish shark and bull shark).
难度:中等
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2.
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
It's the weekend and at some point you'll probably relax to your favorite music,watch a film with an attractive title track.There's no doubt that listening to your favorite music can instantly put you in a good mood.But scientists are now discovering that music can do more for you than just lift your spirits.
Research is showing it has a variety of health benefits.
Fresh research from Austria has found that listening to music can help patients with chronic(慢性的) back pain.And a recent survey by Mind-the mental health charity-found that after discussing,patients found group treat such as art and music treat,the most useful.
Here,we present some very useful ways that music can help you and your family's health.Music works on the autonomic nervous system-the part of the nervous system responsible for controlling our blood pressure,heartbeat and brain function-and also the limbic system-the part of the brain that controls feelings and emotions.According to one piece of research,both these systems react sensitively to music.
When slow rhythms are played,our blood pressure and heartbeat slow down,which helps us breathe more slowly,thus reducing muscle tension in our neck,shoulders,stomach and back.And experts say that apart from physical tension,music also reduces psychological tension in our mind.
In other words,when we feel painful,we become frightened,frustrated and angry,which makes us tense up hundreds of muscles in our back.Listening to music on a regular basis helps our bodies relax physically and mentally,thus helping to relieve and prevent back pain.
Experts believe any type of classical music such as Mozart or Beethoven can help relieve muscle pain.Calm,slow music is also thought to help.
难度:中等
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3.
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Recently, a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has discovered that how we deal with money in our day-to-day life has more meaning than we usually think. One of the things he asks his students to do is to keep a record of every penny they spend for a week. From the way they spend their money, they often see what they really value in life.
He says our relation with others often becomes clearly defined when money enters the picture. You might have wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends. But you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some money. If he does, it brings something to the relationship that seems stronger than ever before. Or it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn't. This person may say that he has a certain feeling, but if it is not carried out in the money world, there is something less real about it.
Since money is so important to us, we consider those who possess a lot of it to be very important. The author interviewed some millionaires in researching his book.
Answer: The most surprising thing is why people give me so much respect. I am nothing. I don't know much. All I am is rich.
People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it for? How much do I need for ant given purposes in my life? In his book, the professor uncovered an important need in modern society: to bring back the idea that money is an instrument rather than the end. Money plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.
难度:中等
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4.
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
"He who bears the greatest hardship becomes the greatest man." This idiom shows Chinese people's traditional belief in the vital role that hardship plays in a person's life as they grow up. But today, as our lives have greatly improved, do we still need this socalled "hardship education"?
"We definitely do," said Wang Weiqiong, mother of a 15-year-old girl in Jiangxi, "Many children take everything for granted, as they've never known how difficult it is to make money."
Wang is not alone. According to a recent survey of 2,017 people done by China Youth Daily. 81. 8 percent of the interviewees supported hardship education including experiencing life in poor areas, outdoor training, taking parttime jobs, and doing housework.
Qiao Yu, from Tianjin Foreign Languages School, also supports the idea. "Hardship helps us grow and be prepared for the difficulties of society," said the 18yearold, who worked in a cake store this summer.
But while it contributes to students' development, "hardship education shouldn't be seen as simply making students suffer," Sun Yunxiao, deputy director of the China Youth and Children Research Center told China Youth Daily. "It should follow teenagers' growth." Sun said that students could also do sports to learn to face difficulties, for doing sports can greatly strengthen their bodies and minds.
难度:中等
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5.
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
The serious decline in the health of Chinese students is causing concern among parents, schools and experts. The next generation's future is in danger and there is a need to understand the causes of the problem and find a solution.
In the last 10 years, studies have found an alarming increase in:
•Obesity-The number of overweight in middle school students has doubled. Poor diet, especially the overeating of junk food and the overdrinking of soft drinks, and the lack of physical activities are identified as the main reasons for this problem.
•Poor eyesight-More students now wear glasses from an early age. Long hours of study and heavy use of computers and mobile phones are most commonly blamed.
•Stress-Students feel under more pressure to succeed than ever before. The long hours of study and homework they must do to achieve success, plus pressure from parents and schools are the main causes.
Some have suggested including Physical Education(P.E.)in the College Entrance Examinations as a possible solution to students' health problems. They say this will force students to be more active, play sports and therefore lose weight. Others, however, oppose the idea, saying that adding one more test to the College Entrance Examinations would only increase students' workload and stress and would actually worsen their overall health.
Although there is no easy answer, all agree that something must be done to stop the serious decline in students' health.
难度:中等
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6.
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Human Flesh Search-thousands of individuals working to find and make public someone's personal information, mostly online-will be ruled as leaking personal data, which is against the law, according to China's top court.
Internet users or network service providers who leak people's personal information such as phone numbers, addresses, and clinical data will have to hold legal responsibility.
Network service providers will also be held responsible if they are aware that their users have violated others' rights but have failed to take action.
The decision comes after years of arguments over whether it's right for the public to try those who behave wrongly.
On the one hand, cyber hunting does have its positive influences. Some public officials have been removed from their positions after human flesh searches led to corruption investigations. During disasters like the Sichuan earthquake in 2008, the search method also helped many people to find their loved ones.
But many think that online cyber hunting is creating a threat to privacy. "People's ‘unusually high enthusiasm' makes the human flesh search engine phenomenon unique," Xujun Eberlein, a Chinese-American author and commentator, told Forbes. "Participants often ‘reach out their hands' thoughtlessly, violating people's rights instead of being righteous(正直)."
难度:中等
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7.
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
When was the last time you read a book or a substantial magazine article? Do your daily reading habits center around tweets, Facebook updates, or the directions on your instant oatmeal packet? If you're one of countless people who don't make a habit of reading regularly, you might be missing out: reading has a significant number of benefits, and just a few benefits of reading are listed below.
First, studies have shown that staying mentally stimulated can slow the progress of Alzheimer's(阿兹海默症)and dementia(痴呆), since keeping your brain active and engaged prevents it from losing power. Just like any other muscle in the body, the brain requires exercise to keep it strong and healthy, so the phrase "use it or lose it" is particularly reasonable when it comes to your mind. Doing puzzles and playing games such as chess have also been found to be helpful with cognitive stimulation.
No matter how much stress you have at work, in your personal relationships, or countless other issues faced in daily life, it all just slips away when you lose yourself in a great story. A wellwritten novel can transport you to other realms, while an engaging article will distract you and keep you in the present moment, letting tensions drain away and allowing you to relax.
Everything you read fills your head with new bits of information, and you never know when it might come in handy. The more knowledge you have, the betterequipped you are to tackle any challenge you'll ever face.
难度:中等
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8.
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Recently, a video of a Chinese mainland mother defending her child after he relieved himself on a Hong Kong street has ignited heated debate across the country.
While traveling with his parents, the 2-year-old boy urinated(小便)on the street in Mongkok, a popular shopping spot for many visitors traveling to the island city.
When a young man photographed the scene "out of disgust at the behavior", the baby's parents fought with him and tried to take his camera. The mother explained that they'd queued for a long time and the kid couldn't help any more. Local passersby soon joined in the argument: most supporting the photographer and criticizing the parents for not showing due respect for local Hong Kong customs.
The issue started a war of words on Weibo.
Some net users have criticized the attitude of the local Hong Kong people towards the mainland visitors. They argue that the incident demonstrates how many Hong Kong people wrongly look down on mainland Chinese.
At the other extreme of the debate are those who are critical of the mainland couple for bringing shame on the people of China through their actions.
难度:中等
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9.
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Jane is an Asian student studying in the United States. She liked the United States very much. But during Jane's study there, she found that foreign students had cultures that were different on many levels from the culture in the USA. So the foreign students had some problems in getting along with the foreign students. "There are language problems, and maybe some social skills, such as small talk, that are possibly not as important in their native countries, where it's not as important to start friendships with small talk," she said.
During that time, she also found that many East Asian students blamed themselves for their limited friendships with Americans. The vast majority blamed themselves, actually for not speaking the language well enough, not knowing the culture well enough. There were also some comments about the college environment, like many of them were in the natural sciences or worked in labs where they were surrounded by other East Asians.
Actually, a report from the Chronicle of Higher Education shows that many foreign students feel lonely or unwelcome in the USA and have problems in making new friends. This upset them. It is believed that if you want to make new friends in a foreign school in a foreign country, be nice to someone and thoughtful of someone, like saying "hi" in the hall, or giving congratulations on a job well done. It can make wonders.
难度:中等
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10.
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Social Practice
Social practice has been more and more popular in schools. Senior school students are asked to enter society and get some ideas of it. Surely, social practice has many advantages. Firstly, social practice can offer students a chance to contact society and meet different kinds of people. In this way students can gain some precious social experience, which will be useful to their future career. Secondly, students can apply what they have learned in class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly. Thirdly, social practice can bring them some financial reward and make them more independent of their family.
However, some problems may arise if no correct guidance is made. For example, some students get overly interested in social practice and want to work fulltime and earn more money, thus neglecting their studies. And some students are likely to get in touch with the dark side of society, which will affect their future values.
In order to carry out social practice smoothly, students should first know their objective. They should put their studies in the first place and see social practice just as a useful supplement(补充), so they ought to try to strike a balance between social practice and their studies.
难度:中等
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