It's difficult to find a piece of clothing as widely accepted，worn and loved the world over as jeans. The classic symbol of the western United States is now a main item in wardrobe around the world. But why?

   The reason for jeans’ success has as much as to do with their cultural meaning as their physical construction.

    Invented by Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis in 1873, jeans were first designed as work wear for laborers on the farms and mines of the western United States in the late l9th century. They proved extremely comfortable and durable(耐用的) and were soon in high demand.

   But the first explosion of jeans into the world of casual-wear(便装) had more to do with what jeans had come to symbolize.

   When they did start to be worn as casual wear, jeans became a symbol of rebellion—the spirit captured by Marion Brando in his l953 film The Wild One and by James Dean two years later in Rebel Without a Cause,

   Jeans were soon banned in schools from coast to coast which only added to the passion with which teenagersembracedthem.

    But jeans’ popularity kept growing also because they put different classes on a level playing field. They were affordable and hard-wearing, looked good worn as well as new, and didn’t have to be washed often or ironed at all. They conformed to the body in a way that matched even the most finely tailored clothes. This became especially important for women because then，and now, they paid more attention to fit. This versatility(多用途)，the ability to become all things to all people，is the secret to jeans’ survival as a wardrobe item.

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 Shortly after moving from his hometown inIsraelto California at the age of 14,Roey Gabay faced a series of stressful events. His parents got divorced, his mother was diagnosed with cancer and he started high school while still learning English. Everything hit him at once.

Soon, Roey, once a casual gamer, was escaping with his laptop for up to 12 hours a day into a virtual world over which he had greater control: the online game called Defense of the Ancients. Sleep, schoolwork and a starting position on his high school basketball team were all affected. Everything was overshadowed(使黯然失色). It seemed like a routine he just couldn’t break.

  Roey believed that he was suffering from Internet gaming disorder. But he just didn’t know what to do. One day when Roey finally got home from the college library, he found his twin sister, Reut, waiting for him in the living room. It was around 1 a.m. on June 9th, the night before his finals. But she knew he hadn’t been to the library to study. And he knew she knew it. “Come here,”she said. “We need to talk.”

Roey’s neglect of his school work had already cost him a scholarship to a prestigious university in California.And he was well on his way to losing his enrollment(入学) at East Bay. “This can’t keep going,” his sister told him. “ I know your potential. You’re throwing it all the way, and it’s killing me.”

  The confrontation(对抗) surprised him. He broke down and admitted he needed help. With his sister’s help, he went to theRestart Centerfor Digital Technology Sustainability—a retreat center outside Seattle. Now Poey is recovering from his Internet addiction there.

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Dear Boy(Girl),

Please find enclosed(请查收)your end of KS2 test results. We are very proud of you as you demonstrated huge amounts of commitment(出色表现) and tried your very best during this tricky week.

However, we are concerned that these tests do not always assess all of what it is that make each of you special and unique. The people who create these tests and score them do not know each of you — the way your teachers do, the way I hope to, and certainly not the way your families do.

They do not know that many of you speak two languages. They do not know that you can play a musical instrument or that you can dance or paint a picture. They do not know that your friends count on you to be there for them or that your laughter can brighten thedreariestday. They do not know that you write poetry or songs, play or participate in sports, wonder about the future, or that sometimes you take care of your little brother or sister after school. They do not know that you have travelled to a really neat place or that you know how to tell a great story, or that you really love spending time with special family members and friends. They do not know that you can be trustworthy, kind or thoughtful, and that you try, every day, to be your best … the scores you get will tell you something, but they will not tell you everything.

So enjoy your results and be very proud of these tests but remember there are many of ways of being smart.

                              Headmaster of Barrowford Primary School

Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”

  So, when Ashley was sixteen, shelaunchedher own website, called GooseHead. Young people got excited when they searched on this website and step by step they introduced the site to others and made more friends. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.

  After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called GooseHead Guide to Life. It's safe to say that this is a book for teens that they'll enjoy. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All about Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I was stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen — I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too!”

In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when people tell you that you can’t do it, because I heard ‘no’ a lot. Just keep going until you hear ‘yes’!”

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Is your family interested in buying a dog? A dog can be a happy addition to your family, but if you choose the wrong kind of dog, the consequences can cause you a lot of trouble.

Families should sit down and thoroughly discuss the problems involved before buying a dog. Even if the children in your family are the ones who want the dog, the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for. If you donˈt know much about dogs, itˈs a good idea to go to the library for or the ASPCA for books about various kinds of dogs, as well as books about how to train a puppy. In reading about the different breeds, you should know that a dog described as very alert may be too jumpy and bouncy. When a book describes a dog as an ideal hunting dog, it probably means that the dog won’t be happy living in a small apartment. Dogs breeds vary in popularity as the years go by. One of the most popular dogs these days is the German shepherd (牧羊犬).This is because it provides protection as well as companionship. The family should be warned that these dogs grow up to be very big, and may be too powerful for children to handle. If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice. These dogs are very small and easy to train. They donˈt need to be walked daily, since they can exercise in the space available in the home.

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Anything that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress. Some stresses get you going and they are good for you - without any stress at all many say our lives would be boring and would probably feel pointless. However, when the stresses undermine both our mental and physical health they are bad. Here we shall be focusing on stress that is bad for you.

Stress is the feeling we have when under pressure, while stressors are the things we respond to in our environment. Examples of stressors are noises, unpleasant people, a speeding car, or even going out on a first date. Generally (but not always), the more stressors we experience, the more stressed we feel.

When we are stressed the following happens:

Blood pressure rises.                            

Breathing becomes more rapid.                         

Heart rate (pulse) rises.                             

Muscles become tense.

We do not sleep (heightened state of alertness).

Most of us have varying interpretations of what stress is about and what matters. Some of us focus on what happens to us, such as breaking a bone or getting a promotion, while others think more about the event itself. How you see that stressful event will be the largest single factor that impacts on your physical and mental health. Your interpretation of events and challenges in life may decide whether they are invigorating or harmful for you.

There are three broad methods you can follow to treat stress.

Self help for treating stress

Exercise has been proven to have a beneficial effect on a person’s mental and physical state. For many people exercise is an extremely useful stress buster.

Alcohol and drugs will not help you manage your stress better. Either stop consuming them completely, or cut down.

     If your consumption of coffee and other drinks which contain caffeine is high, cut down.

Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. Make sure you have a healthy and balanced diet.

Talk to you family, friends, work colleagues and your boss. Express your thoughts and worries.

Stress management techniques

Stress management can help you to keep away from the source of stress, change the way you view a stressful event, and lower the impact that stress might have on your body. Stress management therapy will have the objective of pursuing one or more of these approaches.

Medicines

   Doctors will not usually prescribe medications for coping with stress, unless the patient has an underlying illness, such as depression or some type of anxiety. If that is the case, the doctor is actually treating a mental illness. In such cases, an antidepressant may be prescribed. Bear in mind that there is a risk that all the medication will do is mask the stress, rather than help you deal and cope with it.

Whatever your reason is for visiting, whether you’re alone or bringing the family, whether it’s the height of summer or the depth of winter, there are places to stay in England to suit your every taste, need and budget.

   If you’re getting married or are spending your honeymoon, you might want to stay in a luxury hotel, a romantic castle or a comfortable cottage. If you’re travelling around the country, hotels which are close to your scenery might fit the bill, or you can check out one of England’s many beautiful guest houses or small hotels. Business travelers need well-equipped meeting facilities and a place to relax. And if you want to experience a traditional English pub, you’re sure to find one close to your hotel.

Hotels

   English hotels come in all styles. There are the well-known chains——beautifully fitted out and equipped for everything you may need on a business trip. There are cheaper, more practical hotels, clean and comfortable and ideal for an overnight stay while travelling. There are luxurious hotels in England that will make you feel sad to leave. There are stylish hotels. And then, there are unusual hotels——something you would never expect like a castle or ruined abbey(修道院).

Holiday Parks in England

   Whether you like touring, caravan(大篷车) holidays or prefer a beautiful spot with great views, facilities and lots of activities to spend your days, holiday parks are a great bet among our places to stay in England. UK holiday parks can be found close to our best beaches and most fabulous scenery. Sites there have facilities from heated pools to sports centers, kids’ clubs and daily entertainment.

   With so many different places to stay in England, you’ll be bound to be spoilt for choice when selecting your holiday or business travel accommodation. But whichever you choose, castle hotel, stylish or luxury hotel, you can be assured of a warm welcome.

(no more than 20 words)

Friends in your life are like pillars on your porch. Sometimes they hold you up and sometimes they lean on you. Sometimes itˈs just enough to know theyˈre standing by. Friendship doubles your joy and divides your sorrow. A friendship is priceless and should be developed.

●Remembering the golden rule

Without a doubt, the greatest human relations principle is to treat other people like you want to be treated. When you show respect for your friends and gratitude for their friendship, youˈll be blessed in untold ways.

Whatever the cause of others’ rudeness, you donˈt have to accentuate(突出)the problem. A kind word or a gent le, understanding smile may help the person more than returned rudeness would.

● Considering enemies as friends

A friend looks after your own good. On the other hand, a foe(敌人)is someone who isnˈt interested in your well-being.

Yet some students view their teachers as enemies. However, a studentˈs success in school partly depends on the teacher’s effectiveness in the classroom. Instead of being an enemy, a teacher who corrects you and helps you to achieve can be the best friend you ever had.

So change this kind of thinking and adjust yourself a little, both of you are better off.

● Making friends by being an optimist

Do you enjoy being around a pessimist, someone who is generally described as being able to brighten up a room just by leaving it? The answer is obvious. Most people have a preference for being around people who believe that tomorrow is going to be better than today, rather than people who believe that today is even worse than yesterday.

● Capturing the pleasing personality

How do you develop a pleasing personality? Here are some steps you can take:

Smile when you see someone. You donˈt have to give a wide grin — just a pleasant, friendly smile.

Speak in a pleasant, upbeat tone of voice. Talk to people as if they are good friends, even if they donˈt really fall into that category yet.

Take a course in public speaking. The ability to express yourself attracts favorable attention from many sources.

Develop a sense of humor. Pick up a couple of joke books. This makes you a little more outgoing and friendly.

● Donˈt criticize unjustly

Instead of criticizing others all the time, take the humane(人道的)and sensible approach. Look for the good in others. Encourage them. Build them up.

To conclude, most people seldom think through each situation completely and consider the other personˈs point of view. If you take the time and effort to do this, youˈll end up befriending more people.

Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, powerlines and Wi-Fi (路由器) could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumors.

For example, Camilla Rees, 48, a former investment banker in the US, moved out of her apartment in San Francisco because of the radiation coming from next door. Rees told the Los Angeles Times that when her neighbors moved in and installed a Wi-Fi router she lost her ability to think clearly. “I would wake up dizzy in the morning. I’d fall to the floor. I had to leave to escape that nightmare,” she said. Since then, she’s been on a campaign against low-level electromagnetic fields, or EMFs（低频电磁场）.

And she’s not alone. Millions of people say they suffer from headaches, depression, nausea and rashes when they’re too close to cellphones or other sources of EMFs.

Although the World Health Organization has officially declared that EMFs seem to pose little threat, governments are still concerned. In fact, last April, the European Parliament called for countries to take steps to reduce exposure to EMFs. The city of San Francisco and the state of Maine are currently considering requiring cancer-warning labels on cellphones.

If these fears are reasonable, then perhaps we should all be worried about the amount of time we spend talking on our phones or plugging into Wi-Fi hotpots.

Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the University at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95% chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia. Also there’s a greater than 90% chance that cellphones can cause brain tumors.

But others believe these concerns are unreasonable paranoia (猜疑). Dr Martha Linnet, the head of radiation epidemiology at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones,” said Linnet. “We donˈt have the evidence that there’s much danger.”

Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness — so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group.

According to Robert Park, a professor of physics at the University of Maryland in the US, the magnetic waves aren’t nearly powerful enough to break apart DNA, which is how known threats, such as UV rays and X-rays, cause cancer.

Perhaps it’s just psychological. Some experts find that the electro-sensitivity syndrome seems to be similar to chemical sensitivity syndrome, which is a condition that’s considered to be psychological.

Whether EMFs are harmful or not, a break in the countryside, without the cellphone, would probably be good for all of us.