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            • 1.

              In the United States, Julia Roberts, Will Ferrell, Elton John and over 65 stars are coming together to have fun, raise money and change lives on The Red Nose Day Special.

              The Special will feature Julia Roberts’ recent trip to Phoenix to visit projects that take care of children who are facing serious health issues without the means to afford basic medical treatment. Jack Black, who went to Uganda last year to shed light on the issue of children living in poor conditions, returned to give a heartwarming report about Felix, a young boy he met there who had been living on the streets for three years. He will reveal what life is like for Felix today after being helped by a program that aims to change the lives of homeless kids.

              Music will also take centre stage, with both Elton John and Blake Shelton performing very special songs. The Red Nose Day Special also shows a great night of comedy, including Tracy Morgan putting his own unique spin on the classic Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs while reading to kids, and many other comedy acts.

              Red Nose Day launched in the U.S. in 2015 as a special day to come together, have fun and make a difference to kids who are most in need. In its first year inAmerica, more than US $23 million was raised for the Red Nose Day Fund, with the money now at work in all 50 states across America and 15 countries internationally through programs to keep children and young people safe, healthy and educated.

              The money raised by Red Nose Day USA 2016 will help support projects in some of the neediest communities in the U.S. and some of the poorest communities in the world. People from all walks of life are encouraged to get involved, have fun and raise money by buying red noses sold only at Walgreens stores nationwide, organizing fundraising events and watching and donating during the television special.

            • 2.

               The United States has always been a pluralistic society, meaning it has embraced (包容) many points of view and many groups with different identities from its beginning. That is not to say that these groups always saw eye to eye. The first political parties developed in the United States as a result of conflicting visions of the American identity. Many politicians believed that wealthy merchants and lawyers represented the country's true identity, but many others saw it in the farmers and workers who formed the country's economic base.

                 The event that brought this disagreement to the surface was the creation of the Bank of the United States in 1791. The bank set out to rid the country of the debts it had accumulated during the American Revolution. Until then, each state was responsible for its own debts. The Bank of the United States, however, wanted to assume these debts and pay them off itself. While many people considered this offer to be a good financial deal for the states, many states were uncomfortable with the arrangement because they saw it as a power play by the federal government (联邦政府).If a central bank had control over the finances of individual states, then the people who owned the bank would profit from the states in the future. This concern was the basis of the disagreement: who should have more power, the individual states or the central government?

                 The Democratic-Republican Party developed to protest the bank, but it came to represent a vision of America with power spread among states. The Federalist Party was established in defense of the bank, but its ultimate vision was of a strong central government that could help lead the United States toward a more competitive position in the world economy. These different points of view—central government versus separate states—would not be resolved easily. These same disagreements fueled the tension that erupted into the Civil War over half a century later.

            • 3.

                As the world's biggest transfer(交换,交易) center for small items, the city of Yiwu in Zhejiang Province provides 60% of global Christmas commodities(商品), with over 1,000 containers full of Christmas items being delivered abroad from Yiwu just ahead of this year's Christmas Day.

                 Santa Claus-themed items and LED reindeer(驯鹿) are sold in Yiwu through the year, making it seems that people here celebrate Christmas every day.

                 Workers in Yiwu set out to make Christmas products early in the summer.

                 There is a "Yiwu Christmas Village" where production is in full swing for months each year in order to provide commodities for overseas markets.

                 It's reported by BBC that there is no items that one cannot find in Yiwu. A brochure of a local logistics company reads that Yiwu attracts businesses from all over the world like a magnet (磁铁).

                 As many as 8,000 foreign purchasers come to Yiwu for commodities, reports Der Spiegel.

              This year, there were also direct railway routes transporting Yiwu products to Europe. It will take three weeks for the freight trains to arrive in Spain as they need to travel across Siberia.

            • 4. Women have jumped ahead of men for the first time in using the Internet to do their holiday shopping,according to a study published last week in the US.
              For years men have been more likely to shop on the Internet than women,but during the 2004holiday season 58percent of those making online purchases were women.
              "It shows what a mainstream the Internet is becoming",said Lee Rainie,director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project group,which carried out the study.
              Rainie said it was only a matter of time before women shoppers caught up with men.This is because women traditionally make decisions about spending.
              Users were more likely to shop online to save time.Internet users between the ages of 18and 29were responsible for some of the most dramatic(显著的)increases in the online gift-buying population this time around.
              However,three-quarters of the US Internet users did not buy holiday gifts online in 2004.They worried about credit card security,or just compared online prices with off-line prices,and then dashed off to the shops to get the best deals.
              "But even if shoppers don't buy online,websites are becoming promotion tools for stores,"said Dan Hess,vice president of Comscore Networks Inc.Hess said that actually most stores'websites can make customers fully believe the security of their credit card numbers.And most are able to ensure that gifts arrive on time.
              "It's all about making the shopping experience more efficient,more reliable and more comfortable,"said Hess.

            • 5. There are thousands of products (商品) of all colors and shapes in a supermarket,making you believe that they are worth a try.How?Packaging is the silent but persuading salesman.
              There on the shelves,each bottle,can,box,and jar has been carefully designed and measured to speak to the inner self of the consumer,because he/she is buying not only a product but also his/her belief in life.Scientists have studied consumer behavior recently and found that the look of the package has a great effect on the"quality"of the product and on how well it sells,because"consumers generally cannot tell between a product and its package.Many products are packages and many packages are products.",as Louis Cheskin,the first social scientist studying consumers'feelings for packaging,noticed.
              Colors are one of the best tools in packaging.Studies of eye movement have shown that colours draw human attention quickly.Take V8for example.For many years,the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that is it very good for your body.And the word"green"today can keep food prices going up.
              Shapes are another attraction.Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness,because these shapes are pleasing to both the eye and the heart.That's why the round yellow M signs of McDonald's are inviting to both young and old.
              This new consumer response to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people by to satisfy both body and soul.
            • 6. In 1974,the price of petrol in Britain rose by 120percent; cars became expensive to run and train and bus fares increased.People who hadn't used a bicycle since they were children decided that they would buy bicycles.They discovered that cycling could be enjoyable and cheap.
              Bicycle sales had been falling for many years but suddenly everything changed.In 1975,British people spent more than one million on bicycles.Bicycle traffic increased by 11percent.
              Bicycle fans compare the cost of running a car with the cost of running a bicycle.They also say bicycle-riding is a good form of exercise.In towns bicycles can often be faster than cars or buses.The bicyclists can ride through traffic jams and at the end of his journey he doesn't have to look for a parking space.Cycling through the countryside is a real pleasure; the cyclist has time to see things that the motorist,driving at over 100kilometers an hour,never sees.
              But in the cities,cycling can be dangerous.You need good concentration(专心)and strong nerves,especially when a truck or a bus is trying to pass you.Since cycling became popular again,there has been an increase in the number of accidents.
              Cyclists say the answer to the problem is to separate bicycles from other traffic.Stevenage,a new town near London,has a system of"bikeways",where only bicycles are allowed to travel.However,in most towns,cyclists say,the needs of the bicycle riders are overlooked.Cyclists have formed into"action groups"in many towns in Britain.They want to persuade local councils-who are in charge of the roads and traffic in their areas-to make sure there are safe facilities(设施)for cyclists.Or,they say,interest in cycling will die.

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