Do you think an individual can make a difference? Ask Rossano Ercolini, the Goldman Prize winner, which is considered the Nobel Prize for “   (1)  ”. Eroclini is a young   (2)  in a small town in Italy. After   (3)  the news of reducing waste on the radio, he decided to teach his students to   (4)  paper and replace plastic water bottles in the school lunchroom with   (5)   glasses.

When his town announced plans to open an incinerator to burn waste, Ercolini knew it would be   (6)   to his students. Incinerators are huge heaters that burn all waste and poisonous materials, leaving behind   (7)  . You might think it is  (8)  than sending waste to landfills. It is true that landfills   (9)  space, smell bad, and that poisonous materials can make underground drinking water   (10)   to use. But incinerators have their own   (11)  . Burning will   (12)   poisonous gases into the air, causing breathing problems. People will have to wear a mask   (13)  they go out. The smoke also causes pollution, and even   (14)  the greenhouse effect.

Ercolini was worried about the   (15)  of his community and felt it was his duty to   (16)  them. He organized town meetings and talked about how to reduce, reuse and recycle.  (17)  , Ercolini has advocated the zero-waste movement, the   (18)  of which is to reduce the waste to the least possible amount. He has already   (19)   plans for more than 50 incinerators in many Italian cities.  (20)    his efforts, there are more than 100 zero-waste towns in Italy now!

Almost everyone wants to get smarter. We struggle to improve our   (1)  , intelligence and attention. We drink cup after cup of coffee to help us   (2)   the day.

  (3)  , a new study published in Current Directions in Psychological Science warns that there are   (4)   to how smart humans can get.

Each of our body parts develops in a certain way for a reason.   (5)  , we are not 3 meters tall   (6)  most people’s hearts are not strong enough to send   (7)  up that high. Scientists say that our thinking ability works in the same way. A baby’s brain size is limited by a series of   (8)  , such as the size of the mother’s pelvis (骨盆). If our brains developed to be bigger, there could be more   (9)  during childbirth.

The study of Jews, who have an average IQ much   (10)  than other Europeans, showed they were more   (11)  to develop diseases of the   (12)   system. This might be because of their increased brainpower.

If intelligence cannot be improved, can we at least get better at   (13)  ? Not really, say scientists. They studied   (14)   like caffeine (咖啡因) that improve attention. They found the drugs only helped people with serious   (15)  problems. For those who did not have trouble paying attention, the drugs could have the   (16)   effect. Scientists say that this suggests there is a(n)   (17)   limit to how much people can or should concentrate.

   Our memory is also a “double-edged sword”. People with extremely good memories could   (18)  having a difficult life because they cannot   (19)   bad things that happen to them.

Thomas Hills, one of the authors of the paper, said that   (20)   all the problems in trying to get smarter, it’s unlikely that there will ever be a “super mind”.

One of the most exciting archaeological (考古的) discoveries in history was made in November 1922, when Howard Carter was  (1)   in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. After many months of digging, he finally  (2)   an unknown tomb (坟墓).

  (5)  , because the tomb was  (6)  , and it was clear that it had been robbed (盗窃) at some time in the past.   (7)  , one of the workers eventually uncovered a small stairway that led down to another door that had not been

  (8)  .

  (12)   .The tomb of King Tutankhamun was full of treasures of   (13)   value. There were over 5,000 objects of silver, gold and precious stones which had lain there  (14)   for thousands of years.

Lord Carnarvon’s   (15)   at discovering the treasures did not last long. Many of the local people were afraid of   (16)   the kings’ tombs, and believed that the kings would punish anyone who   (17)   them. Lord Carnarvon had paid little attention to these   (18)  , but only a few weeks later, he   (19)   fell ill and died; at the exact time of his death, all the lights in Cairo went out all of a sudden, and far away in England, his dog also  (20)  .

I was always complaining about wind or rain.   (1)   it was nothing unusual for the arrival of wind or rain, it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere, so I   (2)   it strongly.

On a rainy day a meteorologist (气象学家) I met was very   (3)   at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me.

He asked, “Have you ever seen typhoon? Do you know what would happen to the world if there were no typhoon?” I shook my head. I had no   (4)   of how overwhelming it was when it   (5)   everything away in its way.

 “Well, let me tell you,” the meteorologist said.  “Without it the   (6)   of fresh water will be more serious, for it is a great   (7)   of water supply on earth. Without it, there would be a greater imbalance in the distribution of   (8)  . The equatorial area that receives the most sunshine on earth   (9)   entirely on typhoon to disperse (驱散) heat. Without typhoon the tropics would be even   (10)   while the frigid zones much colder. As a result the temperate zones would   (11)   from the world...”

Ignorance made me   (12)  . I disliked wind only because it ruffled (吹乱) my hair. I hated rain merely because I had to carry an umbrella. But I had no idea at all that typhoon---something much more violent, something a thousand times more   (13)   than wind or rain---was a   (14)   to the existence of mankind.

  (15)   no road on earth goes all the way on level ground, there’s no person in the world who can do whatever he pleases.   (16)   as it is for people to guard against typhoon, it is advisable for a man to stop   (17)   for a moment before he complains.  “  (18)   typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?” The   (19)   will keep him calm and lead him closer to truth - he will be better   (20)   of the world he lives in.

Every dream has something to do with our feelings, longings, wishes, needs, fears, and memories. But something on the “outside” may affect what we    (1)   . If a person is hungry or tired or cold, his dream may include a feeling of this kind. If the    (2)   on your body has slipped off your bed, you may dream that you are    (3)     or resting on the ice and snow. The material for the dream you will     (4)    tonight is probably to come from the experiences you have today.

       (5)    the subject of your dream usually comes from something that has an effect on you     (6)     you are sleeping (feeling of cold, a noise, a discomfort, etc.) and it may also use your past experiences and the wishes and interests you have now. This is why very young     (7)    are likely to dream of fairies, older children of school examinations,     (8)     people of food, homesick soldiers of their families and prisoners of freedom.

     To show you how that is    (9)    while you are asleep and how your wishes or needs can all be joined together in a dream,    (10)    is the story of an experiment. A man was asleep and the back of his    (11)     was rubbed     (12)   a piece of cotton. He would dream that he     (13)     in a hospital and his girlfriend was visiting him,    (14)    on the bed and feeling gently his hand!

     There are some scientists who have made a special    (15)   of why we dream, what we dream and what those dreams    (16)    . Their explanation of dreams, though a bit reasonable, is not accepted by everyone, but it    (17)    an interesting approach to the problem. They believe that dreams are     (18)     expressions of wishes that didn’t    (19)    . In other words, a dream is a way of having your wishes     (20)    out.

crops can make the world a      51 place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects,      52, then they won’t have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the      53of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that don’t require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread      54that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It’s easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult     55that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.

But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are __56. They

mistrust the claims made and don’t believe that biotechnology is without      57 . The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem—the inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that __58the Earth. They__59 that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen (花粉) in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more      60 to control. Another problem is that GM plants might be a source of allergens (过敏源). This seems      61, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can      62from coughing and sneezing to death.

Indeed, people hold very different opinions about      63 While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can      64droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them      65

for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.

A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply-all these were important reasons in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.   (1)  , they were not enough. Something else was needed to start the industrial process. That “something special” was men ——

  (2)  persons who could invent machines, find new   (3)  of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. Many of them were   (4)  inventors than scientists. A pure scientist is mainly interested in doing his research

  (5)  an inventor or one interested in applied science is all trying to

  (6)  something that can be exactly used. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories of science or by experimenting through trial and error(反复试验).

  (7)  his method, he is working to get a(n)   (8)  result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of many other objectives.

Most of the people developing the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were scientists and inventors.