It's difficult to find a piece of clothing as widely accepted，worn and loved the world over as jeans. The classic symbol of the western United States is now a main item in wardrobe around the world. But why?

   The reason for jeans’ success has as much as to do with their cultural meaning as their physical construction.

    Invented by Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis in 1873, jeans were first designed as work wear for laborers on the farms and mines of the western United States in the late l9th century. They proved extremely comfortable and durable(耐用的) and were soon in high demand.

   But the first explosion of jeans into the world of casual-wear(便装) had more to do with what jeans had come to symbolize.

   When they did start to be worn as casual wear, jeans became a symbol of rebellion—the spirit captured by Marion Brando in his l953 film The Wild One and by James Dean two years later in Rebel Without a Cause,

   Jeans were soon banned in schools from coast to coast which only added to the passion with which teenagersembracedthem.

    But jeans’ popularity kept growing also because they put different classes on a level playing field. They were affordable and hard-wearing, looked good worn as well as new, and didn’t have to be washed often or ironed at all. They conformed to the body in a way that matched even the most finely tailored clothes. This became especially important for women because then，and now, they paid more attention to fit. This versatility(多用途)，the ability to become all things to all people，is the secret to jeans’ survival as a wardrobe item.

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Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart(购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push thechrome-plated contraptionsmany miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging(吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的) customers.

As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.

Nobody is allowed to eat pizza near Christopher Merrett－just the smell of it can be deadly for the two-year-old, who has a severe allergy (过敏反应) to dairy products (奶制品).

    Mrs. Merrett said she first realized something was wrong with her son when she stopped feeding him with her milk at six months old and moved onto cows’ milk.

She said her son spent three weeks in hospital after sitting in a supermarket trolley (手推车) which had tiny traces of milk in it. She said, “It looked clean. We put him there and within minutes his feet and hands had gone blue and we knew there was something dreadfully wrong. We realized then he must have put his fingers in his mouth after touching the trolley and it must have previously had some sort of milk product on it.”

Mrs. Merrett added, “We cannot have pizza when he is in the house. I remember going to Pizza Hut for my daughter’s birthday and Christopher began to cough as soon as we got there.”

Mrs. Merrett, who took time off her job to care for her son, and her husband Michael, 47, have spent hours reading ingredients labels (成分标签) and carrying out hard research on the Internet, trying to find suitable food that their son can eat.

Because Christopher’s allergies are so severe that the couple has prepared an entire cupboard for his food. He also has his own shelf in the fridge and oven.

    Little Christopher was taken out of nursery school when he was given cheese by accident and he ended up in hospital. His mother now worries about what could happen when he eventually goes to school.

(no more than 20 words)

Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart(购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging(吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的) customers.

As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.

During my stay in Africa, I went to a local supermarket and there was a young boy in one of the passages. He was around ten years old and in clothes __  (1)  didn’t fit him well. He had no shoes on and stood there   (2)  (stare) at the candy section. I walked down the next passage and back to where he was standing. There  (3)  (seem) to be nobody with him. He pulled my sleeve

  (4)   (attract) my attention and said, “Excuse me. Do you know what I can buy  (5)   this?” He held out __  (6)   20-cent piece. I knew he couldn’t really buy anything much. However, even though the boy looked so sad, he also looked   (7)  (hope). So, I said, “Hold out your hand and let’s see what happens.” He held out his hand and then I put enough money in   (8)  for him to buy the candy. I smiled at him and walked off. All I could hear was him saying ,“Thank you, lady! I’m so happy!”I didn’t know   (9)  he bought and I didn’t care. The  (10)  (excite) in his voice made my day!

Britain will soon ban smoking in cars with children. Britain’s government wants to reduce the harm cigarette smoke    61   (do) to children. New laws    62   (cut) the chances of children passive smoking. Many studies say passive smoking can almost be as    63  (harm) as actually smoking a cigarette. The British government said it looked at research that found children who sat in smoke-filled cars had health    64  (problem). Britain’s leader David Cameron said the problem is    65  (particular) bad in cars because there is so little space, so the car fills with smoke very quickly. The new law will make it illegal for anyone to smoke in    66  car that has a child in it.

Not everyone agrees with the new law. Some lawmakers say it takes away the freedom for people   67   (smoke)in their own car. They believe people should be able to smoke in their car because there are so many public places   68   smoking is not allowed. However, Britain’s health minister said the health of children was   69   important than the freedom to smoke. He told reporters: “The freedom to smoke in your car in front of a child doesn't seem to me that important and    70  (protect) a child's health does seem to me to be extremely important.”

    Li Wen is a 16-year-old boy. He works hard and   1   well in school. It is hard to believe that he used to have much   2  in school. His parents moved to the city to look for jobs,    3  they couldn't be at home to look   4  him. From then on,he became less interested in    5    to school and missed classes. Then his parents made a   6   to send him to a boarding school. He was shy and had no friends. Life there was difficult for him. One day he told his teacher he wanted to   7   the school. His teacher called his parents and advised them to come back and

talk with their son in person. Then his parents came back and had a talk with him. This     8  changed his life. He realized that his parents would always love him and they would be    9   of everything good that he did. Now he is much    10   and more outgoing than he used to be.

Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay healthy, eating right food, getting enough sleep, and exercising regularly.

Proper nutrition(营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind “fuel”. Don’t eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein(蛋白质), like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However, don’t overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.

Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don’t get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality(人的个性). Be sure to allow yourself from

seven to nine hours of sleep each day. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.

 Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise makes the body stronger, strengthens the muscles(肌肉), and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span(寿命). Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are good for keeping the body in good shape: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.

A motto is a sentence or a phrase which can inspire us especially __61.__  we are __62____(face) with difficulties. Many of us have our mottoes, such as “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Or “Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.”, and so on. My motto is “God helps those who help __63___.” Sometimes I am lazy and don’t want to make efforts _64__( work) hard, __65__ I will get energetic again and devote myself __66___ what I am doing when I think of my motto. I write my motto _67__ I can see it easily. Every time I fail in my exam and begin to lose heart, the sight of my motto inspires me with much ___68___(confident). My motto also makes me become __69___ independent person. That is to say, I won’t rely on others easily.

   My friends, what is your motto? If you still haven’t got a motto, please choose _70___because a motto can have a great effect on you.