“Uncle Sam”, of course, stands for the United States. It is the nickname of the (1)_____It is hard to believe that this nickname arose quite by accident and there was a man called “Uncle Sam”.(2)_______, not many people have ever heard of such a man. Not even most young Americans.

    The man was called Uncle Sam Wilson. He was born in Arlington,Massachusetts, on September 13, 1766. At the age of 14, Sam  _(3)______the American Revolutionary War, and served in the army under George Washington (4)_______the end of the war. He then moved to Troy,New York State, and began a meat-packing (5)_____. In the year of 1812, a war broke out between theUnited Statesand Great Britain. On October 2 that year, a group of visitors came to Sam's meat-packing plant. (6)________them was Governor Daniel Tompkings of New York State. He noticed the capitalized (以大写字母写的) letters EAUS on the packages of meat and asked what they stood for. A workman replied that EA stood for Elbert Anderson, the businessman for whom Sam was working. And he (7)________jokingly (开玩笑地) the US (actually it was the short form for the United States) stood for Uncle Sam Wilson.

    In May 1813, this story (8)___in a newspaper published in New York. Since Uncle Sam was an example of a hard-working man and a lover of America, the idea of “Uncle Sam” as the name for this kind of man became(9)_rapidly.

    By the end of the war of 1812, “Uncle Sam” had come to symbolize (象征) the character of the nation and the government. In 1916 the US Congress made a (10)__that “Uncle Sam” is the America's national symbol.

 Over time, I have been changed quite a lot. I began as a ___  (1)  ____(calculate) machine. It took about two hundred years ___  (2)  ___ I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. Then I was programmed by an operator___  (3)  ___used cards with holes so that I could think___  (4)  ___ (logical). By the 1940s, I had grown as large as a room and I wondered if I would grow any larger. ___  (5)  ___time went by, I was made smaller. Since the 1970s, I ___  (6)  ___ (use) in offices and homes. People gave me a family ___  (7)  ___ (connect) by a network. I was able to share my knowledge___  (8)  ___others through the World Wide Web. Many new ___  (9)  ___ (apply) have been found for me. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with___  (10)  ___life of high quality.

   In only fifty years, English   (1)   (develop) into the language most

  (2)   (wide) spoken and used in the world. English in the working language of most international organizations, international trade and tourism. Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak   (3)  .Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English. English is also the language of   (4)   (globe) culture, such as the popular music and the Internet. You can listen to the English songs   (5)   the radio   (6)   use English to communicate   (7)   people around the world through the Internet.With so many people   (8)   (communicate) in English every day, it will become   (9)  （important）to have   (10)   good knowledge of English.

Few people need to be told not to overspend on credit or debit cards(贷记卡). You know you shouldn’t, even if you always do. What you need are solutions. Whatever your problems with money, you can change—but it’s going to take work. After all, you’re trying to break lifelong patterns. Start with these strategies.

Strategy 1

A lot of people set themselves up for failure because they have a mindset of either indulgence (放纵) or deprivation (克制). If you try to deprive yourself of too much, where you spend almost nothing, then you end up giving up, and you indulge, and then you overspend. So if you have an unrealistic plan, you’re probably going to lose control. Good habits happen when planned; bad habits happen on their own.

Strategy 2

Changing your mindset is effective in solving the problem. Take Smith-Acuna for example. She says she had a couple in therapy who constantly quarreled about what she feels has become a monetary cliché. They would always argue about how much money they were spending at Starbucks. The wife loved capping off each workday with a drink. Ultimately, the wife ended up quitting her Starbucks habit. Instead of replacing her drink with nothing, she got something else, something free, in return.

Strategy 3

It’s a good start if you switch from paying for merchandise and services with a debit or credit card to paying with cash. It’s easy when you’re using plastic to mindlessly swipe and fall into a pattern of not thinking or noticing how much you’re actually spending. You can divide up your money and put it into envelopes, marking down on the envelopes what each pile of money is for. That can make it easier to see where your money is going.

Strategy 4

Get a receipt for every purchase. Breaking up your expenses into categories like food, clothing, housing, medical care and so on, but also labeling each expense as a need or a want. Be realistic as to what is really necessary. A need is something where you would die or go to jail if you didn’t spend the money or ruin your credit. At the end of the month, total up all the categories. Do this, and you’ll be more educated about how much money you actually have, and how much you have left over for fun stuff.

Strategy 5

There is probably a reason you developed bad habits, which are often adopted on the road easier traveled. So if you’re suddenly balancing your bank account every day, or you’re regularly putting money into an emergency fund, plan to give yourself some sort of prize for the past two weeks. You’ve been saving money or spending it more wisely, so you can probably afford it.

It is true that people with better education are usually able to get    1  (good) paying jobs. In other words, they have more   2   (chance) to choose a good job  3    people with little or no   4   (educate) don’t. It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs.    5   this isn’t accepted by all people. Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life   6    (get) education only for a way of living. This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education.

   7  fact, if education is just a way of   8    (make) a living, people don’t need to spend so much time in school. People can get education for a living in a short time. Subjects like history and geography need not    9 (teach) to everyone. Even language and math need not be taught in detail(详细地), either.   10  is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.

Commercial advertisement was once thought of as a technique of the marketers to inform the potential buyers about the availability of certain products. It was seen more as a medium to inform the buyers rather than persuade them to buy. The present day marketers see advertisement as a medium to damage the image of their competitors and their products. This indeed, is an undesirable and an immoral practice. Instead of speaking about their own products, these marketers speak about the drawbacks (often without any basics) of the competing products.

People watching TV advertisements would notice that there has always been an advertisement war between the marketers of different consumer goods. A few such cases are given below.

1 Parachute Coconut Oil vs. V.V.D. Gold

Some time back, the producer of V.V.D Gold Coconut Oil claimed in their TV advertisement that only their products was superior and the one sold in blue colour bottles (the reference was to Parachute coconut oil) was suitable only for un-natural hair.

2 Tata Salt vs. Captain Cook

Tata salt was first iodised (碘处理) salt marketed by an Indian Company. It has been enjoying a good and steady market. Captain Cook, another producer of iodised salt, who entered the market later, had to adopt some strategy to get control of the market. The TV advertisement of Captain Cook stressed on ‘Free flow’ of their salt when transferred to a container. The producer of Tata Salt retaliated (报复) by saying that the claim of Captain Cook was a trick and those who were quality conscious should deal with it with caution.

3Pepsi vs. Coco Cola

Coca Cola was selected as the official soft drink for the Wills World Cricket 1996. When the cricket series was on, the marketers of Pepsi constantly advertised on TV. Their advertisement gave the idea that the cricketers preferred only Pepsi and as a matter of fact there was nothing official about it.

4 Horlicks vs. Complan

Sometime back, the TV advertisement of Complan, a health drink directly attacked Horlicks, which has been in the market for several decades. The claim of Complan was that their brand (which according to them was Brand C) has a higher percentage of ingredients (材料) compared to Brand H (reference was nothing but to Horlicks).

The above examples clearly show how the technique of advertisement is misused by some marketers to ruin the image of their competitors. This, certainly, is not a healthy trend.

Any marketer should only speak about his products and not about his competitors’ products. The awareness of consumers has certainly increased over the years and they are no longer easily taken in. There are many consumer products like salt, oil shaving blades etc. But one thing for sure is that offering the same product in a different container will not make the product different.

Mass media like Radio, Television and newspaper should not allow advertisements that tell lies. Legal regulations, in this regard, should also be made stricter.

When I was 10, Mom and I went shopping at the Central Market. As usual, she parked the car on the second floor. I followed her down the stairs and entered the department store. I was excited   (1)   there were not only a lot of people, but also many colorful   (2)   ( display) of goods. We shopped for 2 hours,    (3)    what we bought were only Mom’s high heels and my pen. It was about 4 pm, and we were on the fifth floor.

“Mama, my leg hurt, I want to go home,” I said and walked   (4)   (quick) to an elevator. Mom followed me into the elevator,   (5)    (press) button 3 absent-mindedly. The elevator slowly stopped. We walked out to the   (6)   (park) space. Mom went straight to block 2 that she felt familiar with, and I followed her.

“Oh, my God!” Mom shouted. “Where ’s my car? It has disappeared. Our car has been stolen!” Immediately, a guard came and asked us    (7)    had happened.

“My car has disappeared! I always park here,” Mom cried   (8)   (anxiety) .

“Are you sure you parked on the third floor?” the guard asked     (9)   (patience).

At the words, Mom was so embarrassed that she ran to the stairs as quickly as possible,   (10)   (leave) her completely confused son behind.

Hot is a simple, easily-understood word, so are most of the expressions ____  (1)  ____ (make) with the word hot, ____  (2)  ____ not always, as we shall see.

   The words hot potato, for example, give you no idea at all to the meaning of the expression. The potato is popular and many Americans like baked potatoes, cooked in ____  (3)  ____ oven or fire. Imagine ____  (4)  ____(try) to carry a hot potato in your hand, it would be difficult, even painful to do so. Some publicly-argued problems are ____  (5)  ____(high) emotional. The problems must be treated carefully, or they will be difficult and painful if an elected official has to deal with ____  (6)  ____, which is as difficult and painful as holding a hot potato.

   A hot shot is a person, often a young person, ____  (7)  ____ thinks he can do anything. At least he wants to try. He is very sure he can succeed. But often he ____  (8)  ____(fail).The expression was born in the military forces. A hot shot was a soldier who fired ____  (9)  ____ aiming carefully.

   Another expression is not so hot. If you ask someone ____  (10)  ____ she feels, she may answer "not so hot." What she means is she does not feel well.