1．

In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment. There were few people on the Earth, and__  (1)  __resources seemed to be__  (2)  _.

Things are now__  (3)  __. The world has become too__  (4)  __. We are_  (5)  _up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are__  (6)  __our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on the Earth__  (7)  _not survive.

Everyone__  (8)  __today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none__  (9)  __. Yet, with modern fishing__  (10)  __， more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut__  (11)  __，__  (12)  __will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet, we___  (13)  _to use bigger and more__  (14)  _machines to get more and more trees.

We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. __  (15)  __， in most countries wastes are__  (16)  __put into rivers or into the sea, and there are__  (17)  __laws to stop this.

We know，__  (18)  _， that if the__  (19)  _of the world continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years there will not be enough__  (20)  _.

What can we do to solve these problems?

2．

Thousands of hungry birds left the countryside of Britain in the bitter winter to find food and warmth in urban gardens. The move included species such as the redwing and the fieldfare, almost unknown outside rural areas.

The hard situation of farmland birds has been revealed in the latest survey of bird populations from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds released today.

The redwing has an obvious stripe over the eye and a red flash on the flanks (侧翼), while the fieldfare has a grey head, a peach under­belly, and a distinctive dark band on the tail.

Graham Madge, the societyˈs spokesman, says,“For many urban birdwatchers the sight of these striking species is a real treat. Many people have never imagined there being such an amazing chance.”

“Frozen ground prevented them from getting food in the countryside and they have been saved from starvation in towns，”he added.

He says the unusual sight this year somewhat tempered the frustration felt at the suffering of small garden birds such as robins and wrens. These birds are sensitive to cold and must eat almost continuously to stay alive. Data from people who took part in the societyˈs Big Garden Birdwatch recorded sightings in 280，000 gardens during the last weekend of January, with the goldcrest down 75 percent, the long­tailed tit down 27 percent, and the coal tit down 20 percent. The study highlighted the need for food to be left out for birds during winter.

The redwing and the fieldfare are relatively unknown outside the eastern part of the country. The research shows, however, that they moved to the other side of the country where the climate is generally mild in winter and that many for the first time have reached Cornwall and Isles of Scilly. The number of redwing sightings was up 185 percent, those of the fieldfare 73, and of the yellowhammer 68.

Another surprise garden“guest”this year was the blackcap. This robin­sized, silver­grey bird was rare in Britain 50 years ago, but increasing numbers now arrive each year from Germany and Austria.

3．

  Many people believe that dogs should not be kept in large cities. They say that pet dogs should be banned because they are dangerous to man since they carry diseases and that they attack people especially young children.   (1)   For example, they eat large quantities of food that could go to feed the poor and the starving of the world. What's more, many people spend large amounts of money on their dogs, even buying them beds and toys,taking them to doctors when they are sick, burying them in pet cemeteries when they die.   (2)  

    However I disagree with these arguments. Many animals carry diseases not just dogs. In fact people carry more dangerous diseases than dogs.   (3)   And if they are it is because they have attacked or frightened the dog. As for money spent on dogs, what people do with their money is their own business. Finally there will always be the poor in the world.

  Let us now look at why dogs are good animals.   (4)   They can also help the police to search for drugs and explosives (炸药). In addition, dogs are able to save people's lives after an earthquake when they are buried under fallen buildings. What's more, dogs are used to protect property (财产) as well as women and children.   (5)  

   For all these reasons I believe that pet dogs should not be banned from cities.

(1) A. They are used by the police to catch criminals.

B. What's more, very few people are attacked by dogs.

C. Finally dogs are used to guide the blind in the streets.

D. Some owners even leave them their money when they die.

E. The British spend more on their dogs than they do on themselves!

F. In addition, they are of the opinion that dogs are expensive to keep.

G. Many dogs are deserted by their owners when they get tired of them.

(2) A. They are used by the police to catch criminals.

B. What's more, very few people are attacked by dogs.

C. Finally dogs are used to guide the blind in the streets.

D. Some owners even leave them their money when they die.

E. The British spend more on their dogs than they do on themselves!

F. In addition, they are of the opinion that dogs are expensive to keep.

G. Many dogs are deserted by their owners when they get tired of them.

(3) A. They are used by the police to catch criminals.

B. What's more, very few people are attacked by dogs.

C. Finally dogs are used to guide the blind in the streets.

D. Some owners even leave them their money when they die.

E. The British spend more on their dogs than they do on themselves!

F. In addition, they are of the opinion that dogs are expensive to keep.

G. Many dogs are deserted by their owners when they get tired of them.

(4) A. They are used by the police to catch criminals.

B. What's more, very few people are attacked by dogs.

C. Finally dogs are used to guide the blind in the streets.

D. Some owners even leave them their money when they die.

E. The British spend more on their dogs than they do on themselves!

F. In addition, they are of the opinion that dogs are expensive to keep.

G. Many dogs are deserted by their owners when they get tired of them.

(5) A. They are used by the police to catch criminals.

B. What's more, very few people are attacked by dogs.

C. Finally dogs are used to guide the blind in the streets.

D. Some owners even leave them their money when they die.

E. The British spend more on their dogs than they do on themselves!

F. In addition, they are of the opinion that dogs are expensive to keep.

G. Many dogs are deserted by their owners when they get tired of them.

4．

We find different kinds of animals in the world. Some animals, such as tigers and lions live in big forest and they are called  (1)  animals. Some others like sheep and dogs are  (2)  by men and they are called domestic(驯养) animals. These animals are very different from one another, but we can  (3)  them into big groups: those that eat other animals and those that eat grass and leaves. Animals like the  (4)  belong to the first group.

       Animals are  (5)  great uses to human beings. Men  (6)  wild animals for their fur and meat. Domestic animals are  (7)  more important to men. Without them, life will be  (8)  . People make use of animals in many  (9)  .

       Cows and dogs are useful to men’s  (10)  . They give 80% of the  (11)  men eat every year. Skin of some animals can be  (12)  into expensive overcoats and shoes, which are warm and comfortable and  (13)  a long time. They are very welcome in  (14)  countries. Wool, which is now one of the most important material for textile(纺织)  (15)  , comes from a special kind of  (16)  . From cows, we get milk. And we shouldn’t  (17)  that some domestic animals are kept for transport. Many people  (18)  ride horses. Arabs ride on camels which travel in deserts for days without  (19)  . In some places animals are still used to plough field.  (20)  is clear that men just can’t live without these animals.

5． Many theories regarding the causes of juvenile delinquency （crimes committed by young people） focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence．Theories (1) on the individual suggest that children (2) criminal behavior before they were not sufficiently (3) for previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others．Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (4) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values．
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from (5) families， (6) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes．The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate control from parents．All (7) ，however，are uncertain or unimproved and are of course challenged with criticism．
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (8) juvenile crime rates．For example，changes in the economy that (9) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (10) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain．This results in (11) among youths and may in (12) lead more youths into criminal behavior．
Families have also experienced (13) these years．More families consist of one parent households or two working parents； (14) children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family (15) ．This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates．Other noticeable (16) of offensive acts include (17) experience or failure in school，the (18) availability of drugs and alcohol，and the growing phenomenon of child abuse and child neglect．All these conditions tend to increase the (19) of a child committing a criminal act， (20) a direct cause and effect relationship has not yet been established．

6．

B

    Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly (经常). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous．

    The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska．

    Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2,000 people died.

    In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake．

    One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which about 800,000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008．

     Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for them．

7． A．Agra Fort
Near the gardens of the Taj Mahal stands the important 16th-century Mughal monument known as the Red Fort of Agra．This powerful fortress of red sandstone encompasses，within its 2.5-km-long enclosure walls，the imperial city of the Mughal rulers．It comprises many fairy-tale palaces，such as the Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal，built by Shah Jahan； audience halls，such as the Diwan-i-Khas； and two very beautiful mosques．
B．Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal is regarded as one of the eight wonders of the world，and some Western historians have noted that its architectural beauty has never been surpassed．The Taj is the most beautiful monument built by the Mughals，the Muslim rulers of India．Taj Mahal is built entirely of white marble．It was constructed over a period of twenty-two years，employing twenty thousand workers．It was completed in 1648C．E．at a cost of 32Million Rupees．
C．Keoladeo National Park
This former duck-hunting reserve of the Maharajas is one of the major wintering areas for large numbers of aquatic birds from Afghanistan，Turkmenistan，China and Siberia．Some 364species of birds，including the rare Siberian crane，have been recorded in the park．
D．Humayun's Tomb，Delhi
This tomb，built in 1570，is of particular cultural significance as it was the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent．It inspired several major architectural innovations，culminating in the construction of the Taj Mahal．The gardens also contain the red-and-white sandstone and black-and-yellow marble tomb of Humayun's wife and the tomb of Humayun's barber．
E．Grand Canyon National Park
The Grand Canyon is perhaps the most awesome sight in the United States--and one of the wonders of the world．Much of the park's beauty is related to its geology and ecology．Schmidt explores the shape of the land，its plants and animals，and its human history．A fascinating book that everyone visiting the Grand Canyon should read．The Skywalk at Grand Canyon West is really exciting．
F．Sundarbans National Park
The Sundarbans covers 10，000sq．km of land and water （more than half of it in India，the rest in Bangladesh） in the Ganges delta．It contains the world's largest area of mangrove forests．A number of rare or endangered species live in the park，including tigers，aquatic mammals，birds and reptiles．

请阅读以下旅游者的信息，然后匹配旅游者和他/她拟旅游的景点．
46．Carina is fond of art and likes travelling very much．In order to take part in the following exhibition，she wants to take some photos of birds from all over the world，especially the rare Siberian crane．In the meanwhile，she doesn't want to spend too much money．
47．Daisy's major is bilogy．She is interested in studies of tigers in India．Before graduation，she needs to write an essay on the tiger．She hears that it is one of the largest tiger populations of any of India's parks．And so she wants to go there to do some research．
48．Alexander is a college student of Physics．He learns that this canyon is a gift from past generations that goes beyond what we experience．He is looking forward to going there and experiencing the Skywalk in the park．
49．Sammy majors in history．He will visit it again this summer．He says it's built entirely of white Marble and is one of the eight wonders of the world．Its beauty is beyond description，particularly at dawn and sunset．It seems to glow in the light of the full moon．On a foggy morning，the visitors experience it as if suspended when viewed from across the Jamuna river．
50．Nancy comes from the history department．Last summer she visited the ancient markets of Agra and this year she wants to visit it again．Not long ago she said："Arriving at the Delhi airport，we representatives were warmly received．Our tirdness flew in seconds by the traditional welcome that we got at the hotel's reception．"The next day they visited the famous tomb．
46． ______ 47． ______ 48． ______ 49． ______ 50． ______ ．

8． Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．
Radio began as a point-to-point communication device．In 1919，Radio Corporation of American would charge a fee if you sent a message from one radio to another．Either the senders or the recipients pay the fee．The purpose was basically to undercut the telegraph，and they made their money (1) ，not by providing radio as a (2) but by selling hardware．
In about 1922，radio (3) into a broadcast mechanism．For broadcasting，in the simple sense，there was a (4) and it broadcast，and lots of people could hear it．But broadcasting was seen as a way to drive business to the radio hardware makers．The stations were (5) by people who made radios or (6) ，by churches and universities that wanted to get their (7) out but weren't going to make money．
And there was a lot of stuff which sounds very (8) today about how this medium was going to (9) ．And in the 20s，Radio Broadcast Magazine (10) a $500prize for the best essay that answered the question："Who is going to pay for broadcasting，and how？"The winner suggested a (11) on radio listeners．Now，it sounds a little strange to us，but that's actually the British model．The BBC supports itself by a tax on TV and radio sets．
There was some discussion about (12) ，and Herbert Hoover，the Secretary of Commerce then，was strongly against this idea．He said it was (13) that we should allow so great a possibility for service (14) by advertising chatter．The Commerce Department was (15) radio at the time．After the creation of national radio networks then the pressure-advertisers wanted to go on with it，people who owned the radio network wanted to sell ads，and that's how radio developed as an advertising medium．

9．

Are Bees Happier in Cities?

　　We often think of them as living happily in wildflower meadows （草地） and rolling fields. But new research suggests Britain’s bees are happier near towns and cities.

　　A new study of wildlife sites across four English counties has found that most are home to fewer species of bees today than they were in the past. It found that the expansion of farmland has actually been more damaging to Britain’s bee population than the concreting over （铺设混凝土） of the countryside for housing. For instance, meadows near Milton Keynes now boast more species of bee than sites in more rural areas.

　　Reading University researcher Dr Deepa Senapathi believes intensive agriculture is to blame. Climate change could be destroying the relationship between bees and plants. That’s according to a study that said warmer springs can change the life cycles of bees, which can throw them out of the plants they rely on. The research is the first clear example of the potential for climate change to destroy such critical relationships between species.

　　While the gardens, parks and churchyards of towns and cities provide bees with a variety of plants to rely on and an extended flowering season, popular crops such as oilseed rape only bloom for a few weeks.

　　Dr Senapathi said, “While concreting over the countryside may appear to be bad news for nature, we’ve found that progressive urbanization may be much less damaging than intensive agriculture.”

　　Urban areas may benefit bees more than farmland by providing a wide variety of flowering plants and an extended flowering season, according to the researcher.

　　“Over the past century, rural landscapes in Britain have become increasingly dominated by large amounts of monoculture—the growing of a single type of plant, which has helped encourage crop production,” she said. “But without a mixture of habitat and food sources, rural areas can sometimes be little better than green deserts for biodiversity （生物多样性）.”

　　Scientists around the country are trying to work out why populations of bees and other insects are falling. Pesticides, climate change and disease may, like intensive farming, be playing a role.

（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.）

(1) According to the new study of wildlife sites across four English counties, the number of bee species is _____________. (2) According to Dr Senapathi, the development of cities causes ______________ to bees than farmlands in the suburbs. (3) What are the two advantages of urban areas over farmland when it comes to housing for bees? (4) Green deserts in the passage refers to the place where there is ______________.

10．

B

    Scientists are trying to make the deserts into good land again. They want to bring water to the deserts, so people can live and grow food. They are learning a lot about the deserts. But more and more of the earth is becoming desert all the time. Scientists may not be able to change the desert in time.

    Why is more and more land becoming desert？Scientists think that people make deserts. People are doing bad things to the earth.

    Some places on the earth don't get much rain. But they still don't become deserts. This is because some green plants are growing there. Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places. Plants don't let the sun make the earth even drier. Plants do not let the wind blow the dirt away. When a bit of rain falls, the plants hold the water. Without plants, the land can become desert more easily.