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            • 1． The Science of Risk-Seeking
              Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth tasking．（71）     Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us．Why？Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work．
              The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans．Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring．（72）    As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next，humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk．
              So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then？Well，even 200，000years ago，too much risk-taking could get one Killed．A few daring survived，though，along with a few stay-in-the-cave types．As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today．So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it． （73）    
              No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range，scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years．（74）    To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences．New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well．
              Mean taking some risks，so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well．
              （75）     For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active．
              As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking，we’ll continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool．

              A．It all depends on your character．
              B．Those are the risks you should jump to take．
              C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival．
              D．Thus，these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest．
              E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world．
              F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards．
              G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 2． Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries．（36）     In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men．One reason for this is biological．
              One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women．（37）     Between the ages of about 12and 50，women produce hormones that are involved in fertility（生育能力）．These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow．In fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks．
              （38）    They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections．This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men．The common cold is a good example：women，on average，get fewer colds than men．（39）    Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do．Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency（向） to age more slowly than a man’s．Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly．（40）    

              A．However，women，on average，live longer．
              B．The biological factor plays an important part．
              C．Women are also helped by their female genes．
              D．The female hormones also protect the body in another way．
              E．Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities．
              F．Therefore，women are more healthy than men and can live a better life．
              G．Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 3． The average computer user has between 5 and 15 username/password combinations to log in different kinds of accounts．Some demand you use a specific number of symbols and digits，while others require you to change your password every 60 days．The feeling of confusion resulting from memorizing these login information has grown so common that it actually has a name：password fatigue（疲劳）．
              Having to remember so many different passwords is annoying，but it can also be dangerous．Because it is virtually impossible to remember a unique password for each of these accounts，many people leave handwritten lists of usernames and passwords on or next to their computers．
              （71）    While these practices make it easier to remember login information，they also make it easier for thieves to hack into accounts．
              Single Sign-On （SSO） confirmation and password management software can help solve this problem．With SSO，users only need to remember one password to log in to the main system．
              （72）    SSO software is typically used by large companies，schools，or libraries．
              （73）    If a user loses or forgets the password required to log in to SSO software，the user will then lose access to all of the applications linked to the SSO account．Users who rely on password management software face the same problems．
              Although most websites or network systems allow users to recover or change lost passwords by providing email addresses or answering a prompt（提示），this process can waste time and cause further frustration．What is more，recovering a forgotten password is only a temporary solution．
              （74）    
              Some computer scientists have suggested computers rely on biometrics（生物测定学）．（75）     The use of biometrics raises questions concerning privacy and can also be expensive to practice．
               Software engineers and computer security experts are still searching for the cure to password fatigue．Until they find the perfect solution，however，everyone will simply have to rely on the password system currently in place．

              A．It does not address the larger problem of password fatigue．
              B．These software programs have been built into many major web browsers
              C．The problem with password management software makes users feel powerless．
              D．The SSO software then automatically logs the user in to other accounts within the system．
              E．However，SSO confirmation and password management software also have drawbacks．
              F．This is a method of recognizing human users based on unique traits，such as fingerprints，voice，or DNA．
              G．Others solve this problem by using the same password for every account or using extremely simple passwords．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 4． 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．
              Personal Shoppers
              　　I was shopping with Thomas，who has been working as a personal shopper for the past five years．“Personal shoppers are in great demand these days，”he told me as we were walking past designer clothes shops．（51）    He said that there were many people who wanted to be fashionable，but they didn’t know where to start．They needed a professional to advise them．
              　　But why？I always call my best friend to help me find the perfect dress，not a stranger!
              “（52）     The first thing I do is help my customer improve their image．I teach them to choose colours and clothes that suit them，and how to use make-up，”Thomas told me．“Then I organize the customer’s wardrobe．（53）    The third service has to do with actual shopping：the personal shopper and the customer visit shops and buy clothes according to the customer’s personality，lifestyle and needs．”
              　　Of course，each of the above services costs between 150 and 225 euros！（54）    “Most of my customers are rich business people who call me for important meetings or business parties，”explained Thomas．“However，I also work for people in all kinds of jobs and for retired men and women who want a change of look．”
              　　We spent the rest of the day shopping．Every time we came out of a shop，we had one more bag．In the end，I went home with a beautiful dress，two pairs of trousers，some lovely tops and a couple of coats．I’d never had a shopping day like this before!I admit that I’d spent more than I usually do，but I wouldn’t have found such beautiful clothes without Thomas．（55）    

              A．I can help in three different ways．
              B．I asked him why this had happened．
              C．It depends on the customer's preferences．
              D．I might even throw away some old clothes．
              E．I just wish personal shoppers were a bit cheaper!
              F．People need help with choosing the right clothes．
              G．I just wonder how many people have this kind of money to spend．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 5． Directions：Read the following passage．Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage．
              Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．
              Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations．We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us．Research proves this feeling without a doubt．Vacations help us perform better at work，improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression．
              Yet，despite these benefits，many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK-but not great．In order to change this，some mistakes should be avoided．A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components （组成部分）•Perhaps you’re planning a trip to Europe，seven cities in 10days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list Sounds fine in theory，but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness-time to take in our new surroundings，time to be present and absorb our travel experiences．Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey．These issues may seem important，but our psychological state of mind is far more important．
              Actually，vacation happiness is based on the following top rules．First，choose your travel companions wisely，because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions．Second，don’t spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood．Third，shop wisely，for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions．

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              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 6． （2013•朝阳区校级二模）Teletubbies
              Teletubbies is a very popular show featuring interesting and fun characters that keep children absorbed．（71）     Moreover，they are unique in their great contribution to preschoolers'formal school readiness．The program fits well into the style of broadcasting that airs on PBS （Public Broadcasting Service），which is non-profit TV promoting high quality，educational programs without commercial interruption．
              A company by the name of Ragdoll Productions in the United Kingdom developed the Teletubbies figures and their stories．Teletubbies'producers，Anne Wood and Andrew Davenport，conducted extensive research to guarantee the effectiveness of their production as a teaching tool．（72）     The conclusions they reached were put very well into words by Ms．Wood when she said，"I want children to smile．If they are smiling，they will be relaxed．If they are relaxed，they will be confident．If they are confident，they will dare to be curious．If they are curious，they will grow in understanding．"（730     Young children over the world are privileged to enjoy the benefits，for since 1992the program has been sold to 92broadcasters in 70countries．
              What exactly，though，makes Teletubbies so visibly and emotionally inviting to young children？The answer is that they are completely designed from their point of view，being plump（fat and rounded in a pleasant way） and innocent-faced，as well as playful，warm，and funny． （74）     Imagine a land that is part technological and part nursery rhyme．Their home is Tubbytronic Superdome，and they eat Tubby Toast and Custard．A windmill blows in wonderful surprises among rolling hills，talking flowers，and a smiling sun．
              （75）     Teletubbies love each other very much； Teletubbies love to dance and sing； Teletubbies love their favorite things and interacting with their surroundings．These messages，conveyed in very basic，repetitive language，invite interaction with children，helping ages one through four expand the skills they need to watch and listen at the same time，which is key to the development of a child's thinking abilities．

              A．They live in a fascinating world that is brilliant and magical．
              B．They interviewed young children，linguists，and nursery school teachers．
              C．Lots of Teletubbies toys，books and DVDs are available to keep children entertained．
              D．Although the program aims at children aged one to four，it appeals to older generations．
              E．More importantly，the characters communicate very special，elementary ideas to the children．
              F．Like other cartoon creatures，Teletubbies are colorful both in physical appearance and personality．
              G．Much creative energy and innovation were channeled into each one of the 365shows that's been broadcast．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 7． Stay on the brighter side of life
              One very important component of optimism is gratitude or feeling grateful．In fact，there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being．Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what you're grateful for．（71）    
              Feeling down？Instead of feeling sorry for yourself waiting for the universe to throw you a bone，try acting like you're happy-even if you aren't．A sincere smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain，so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well．（72）      Reassure yourself that everything is good-even if you don't feel it．
              "（73）     If you're stuck in traffic，then everything else must be going horribly too，"says Anne Parker，a wellness counselor．By blowing negative events out of proportion，you're setting yourself up for feeling down all day．Instead，acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic，but also bring to mind something good，like the beautiful scenery outside the window．That way，you'll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day．
              Swearing to lose 20pounds or to run a marathon seems like goals leading to happiness，but they take time to achieve．（74）     You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated．However，if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way，you will feel positive about your progress，which will give you the strength to keep going．
              （75）     Try making someone else's day better．A report by United Healthcare and Volunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non-volunteers．Plus，89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well-being，and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life．

              A．Try to help someone in need．
              B．Want to give your attitude a lift？
              C．People tend to think in an either-or way．
              D．Act in an optimistic way-smile，laugh，tell a joke．
              E．You'll fail to appreciate more important things in your life．
              F．By focusing on not having accomplished them yet，you will start to feel down on yourself．
              G．By remembering the pleasant things in your life，you can actually turn a negative attitude around．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 8． （2013•昌平区二模）I'll do it tomorrow，I swear!
              Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it．（71）    However，they only stare into space，eat snacks，surf the Internet，watch videos and look at their pretty peers sitting around them who，most likely，are doing nothing either．
              According to a recent report by the BBC，95percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20percent of the world's population are chronic procrastinators，complicating their lives with their constant delaying of tasks．
              The figures are discouraging．（72）     Just look at Hamlet，who is perhaps the world's most famous procrastinator．He is also a university student，and his indecision leads to tragedy（悲剧）in the biggest way．
              Procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior，but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong．
              （73）     Pelling says this is nonsense，as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time．She says the behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel nervous and ashamed，inconveniences others，and annoys loved ones．
              Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent（不良倾向的） in a society that views swift action as praiseworthy，and，at times，even as morally good．
              （74）    Piers Steel，a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation，believes humankind is"designed"to procrastinate．Nevertheless，he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand．（75）    Break the task down into small pieces and work your way through them methodically．The second is ingenious：Give a trusted friend a sum of money and tell them that if you don't complete the task you have undertaken by a specific time，they can keep it or donate it to a cause you hate．

              A．The first one is obvious．
              B．But this does nothing to break the spell．
              C．They could spend whole days in the library doing nothing useful．
              D．Procrastinators are less wealthy，less healthy and less happy than those who don't delay．
              E．Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure．
              F．Fortunately，social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral weakness and offer strategies to control it．
              G．Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate，they write micro blogs about their fears，asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 9． （1）The British summer is extremely beautiful．Trees，flowers，birds and butterflies make the whole country like a big garden．However，many British people have noticed that butterflies have been gradually disappearing from this picturesque scenery during the past several years．What has happened to them？
                  （2）Butterfly Conservation，a charity in the UK，is running a survey to help answer this question．The result is more serious than people expected．According to the survey，among 59 butterfly species found in Britain，more than three quarters of them are suffering a declining population，including the most popular ones．What's more，half of all butterfly species are in the danger of dying out．Some common species such as the small Tortoiseshell butterfly and the Wall butterfly are dropping dramatically．The latter cannot even be seen in many parts of central and southern England．The Blue butterfly was commonly seen in the south．However，it has started colonizing （迁徙至）Edinburgh in the past few years．
                  （3）The numbers of butterflies have dropped to a record low in the past three years largely because the summer in the UK is getting cooler and their habitat is also worsening．Fortunately Britain is experiencing a long hot summer this year compared to the last few summers．Conservationists believe the warm weather will bring some benefit to the butterflies．
                  （4）Sir David Attenborough，president of Butterfly Conservation，said："Large quantities of butterflies tell us that all is well with nature．When they decline it's a warning that other wildlife will be soon           ．"
                  （5）The survey is still going on．The public are also encouraged to keep track of the UK's    butterfly population．The organizers hope the survey will help raise public awareness of the value of butterflies in the UK．Butterflies give an indication of the well-being of nature and the environment．

              76．What is the best title of the passage？（no more than 10 words）    
              77．List two reasons for butterflies'reduction in number．（no more than 10 words）
                  ①    ②    
              78．Complete the following statement with proper words．（no more than 4 words）
                  But a large number of British people have realized that butterflies    from the beautiful scenery since a few years ago．
              79．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words．（no more than 5 words）    
              80．What does the underlined word"them"（paragraph 2）probably refer to？    ．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 10． 阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）．
              [1]You've known your best friend for many years and shared many precious moments together，they have always been there for you and have been your rock to lean on when you were down．Now someone is making you send them away，and you may never see them again．How do you feel？
              [2]This is how many Harbin citizens are currently feeling as a new policy has recently been passed banning large dogs from being kept in urban areas．Sadly then，all current owners have to __________________．Understandably this is heartbreaking．
              [3]The animals are being forced away from the city under the banner（旗号） of public safety and cleanliness．It's understandable that city officials want to create a safe and clean environment for the people of Harbin，but is the ban reasonable？Are big dogs that much of a danger and dirtier than smaller dogs？I can understand the cleanliness issue：there's nothing worse than walking in dog wastes and having to clean it off your shoes．It's disgusting!But smaller dogs create just as much mess，so the problem will still be lying around．
              [4]Cities in other countries have no policies dictating what kind of dog one can own．But their streets are still clean and people aren't getting chased around by crazy dogs．Dog owners should be educated properly in how to look after their animals and be punished for breaking the laws．The dog doesn't break the law by using the sidewalk as a toilet； the owner does for not cleaning afterwards．Maybe more severe punishments for the few offending owners will be a better solution，because many dog owners do clean up after their animals．
              76．What does the first paragraph have to do with the dog-losers，in other words，in what way is it related to them？（within 8 words）    
              77．Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 2．（within 5 words）    
              78．What are the two reasons for larger dogs being forced out of the city？（within 10 words）
              ①    ②    
              79．What's the main idea of Paragraph 3？（within 10 words）
                  
              80．What are the writer's suggestions on how to deal with the situation？（within 18 words）    ．
              难度：中等
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