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            • 1． An Extension of the Human Brain
                 Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies （欠缺），much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency．To be exact，other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions．When another person helps us in such ways，he or she is participating in what I’ve called a“social prosthetic （义肢的）system．”Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems．It’s already a big bank of many minds．Even in its current state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment．
              Regarding memory：Once I look up something on the Internet，I don’t need to keep all the details for future use-I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so．More generally，the Internet functions as if it were my memory．This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing； I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet．It’s become natural to check facts as I write，taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed，Wikipedia，or other websites．
              Regarding judgment：The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large．For example，when I’m writing a textbook，it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term，which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning．But more than that，I now regularly compare my views with those of many others．If I have a“new idea，”I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similar-and I then compare what I think with what others have thought．This certainly makes my own views clearer．Moreover，I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet．
              These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone．I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact，watch a video，read weibo．Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time （such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting）．
              But that’s the upside （好处）．The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea．Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between．

              An  Extension of the Human Brain





              A  prosthetic nature
              ●The （71）    can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency．
              ●It（72）    in our daily events extending our intelligence，
              Comprehending our feelings，and expanding the range of social
              Activities．





              Wonderful aspects
              Memory and judgment
              ●On the Internet，we could quickly and easily locate the details，and check facts，without（73）    them in mind．

              ●The internet makes us smarter over（74）    kinds of things．It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the （75）    of the matter．

              ●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to （76）    our claims，and to （77）    our actions．





              The （78）    sides of smartphones
              ●Smartphones make it easier and more （79）    to check reality，watch video clips，read uxibo．
              ●Smartphones（80）    the possibility for new and insightful minds，and steal away our dead time．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 2． Friends in your life are like pillars on your porch．Sometimes they hold you up and sometimes they lean on you．Sometimes it's just enough to know they're standing by．Friendship doubles your joy and divides your grief．A friendship is priceless and should be cultivated．
              ●Remembering the golden rule
              Without a doubt，the greatest human relations principle is to treat other people like you want to be treated．When you show respect for your friends and gratitude for their friendship，you'll be blessed in untold ways．
              You can't know what has gone on in the rude person's life that day，but you can assume that his or her day hasn't gone well．Maybe a loved one lost his job，her boss reprimanded her unjustly，he's coming down with the flu，or she just found out that her teenager is taking drugs．
              Whatever the cause of the rudeness，you don't have to accentuate（突出） the problem．A kind word or a gentle，understanding smile may help the person more than returned rudeness would．
              ●Considering foes as friends
              A friend looks after your own good．On the other hand，a foe is someone who isn't interested in your well-being．
              Yet some students view their teachers as enemies．However，a student's success in school partly depends on the teacher's effectiveness in the classroom．Instead of being an enemy，a teacher who corrects you and helps you to achieve can be the best friend you ever had．
              This kind of thinking，along with a little attitude adjustment，helps you to convert foes to friends，and both of you are better off．
              ●Making friends by being an optimist
              Do you enjoy being around a pessimist，someone who is generally described as being able to brighten up a room just by leaving it？The answer is obvious．Most people prefer to be around people who believe that tomorrow is going to be better than today，rather than people who believe that today is even worse than yesterday．
              ●Capturing the pleasing personality
                  How do you develop a pleasing personality？Here are some steps you can take：
              Smile when you see someone．You don't have to give a wide grin-just a pleasant，friendly smile．
              Speak in a pleasant，upbeat tone of voice．Talk to people as if they are good friends，even if they don't really fall into that category yet．
              Take a course in public speaking．The ability to express yourself attracts favorable attention from many sources．
              Develop a sense of humor．Pick up a couple of joke books．This makes you a little more outgoing and friendly．
              ●Don't criticize unjustly
              Instead of being eager to dish out criticism all the time，take the humane and sensible approach．Look for the good in others．Encourage them．Build them up．
                  Most people seldom think through each situation completely and consider the other person's point of view．If you take the time and effort to do this，you'll end up befriending more people．
                                  Title：Five ways to cultivate friendship
              Passage outline Supporting details
              Introduction to friendshipFriends in your life are like pillars on your porch．Sometimes friends share each other's （72）    and sorrow．
               
               
               
               
               
              （71）    of cultivating friendship              		●Remembering the gold rule
              Treat others like you want to be treated．Don't have to accentuate the problem even though they are （73）    to you，because sometimes a gentle understanding （74）    is better than a rude behavior．
              ●Considering foes as friends
              （75）    on foes as friends makes you and your friends better off．
              ●Making friends by being an optimist
              Most people have the （76）    for being around the ones who are optimistic．
              ●Capturing the pleasing personality
              ﹡Give a （77）     and friendly smile．
              ﹡Speak in a pleasant，upbeat tone of voice．
              ﹡Take a course about speaking （78）    ．
              ﹡Develop a sense of humor．
              ●Don't criticize unjustly
              ﹡（79）    criticizing others
              ﹡Look for the good in others．
              ConclusionMake an effort to do this and you'll （80）    more friends in the end．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
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