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            • 1． An Extension of the Human Brain
                 Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies （欠缺），much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency．To be exact，other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions．When another person helps us in such ways，he or she is participating in what I’ve called a“social prosthetic （义肢的）system．”Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems．It’s already a big bank of many minds．Even in its current state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment．
              Regarding memory：Once I look up something on the Internet，I don’t need to keep all the details for future use-I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so．More generally，the Internet functions as if it were my memory．This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing； I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet．It’s become natural to check facts as I write，taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed，Wikipedia，or other websites．
              Regarding judgment：The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large．For example，when I’m writing a textbook，it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term，which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning．But more than that，I now regularly compare my views with those of many others．If I have a“new idea，”I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similar-and I then compare what I think with what others have thought．This certainly makes my own views clearer．Moreover，I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet．
              These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone．I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact，watch a video，read weibo．Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time （such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting）．
              But that’s the upside （好处）．The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea．Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between．

              An  Extension of the Human Brain





              A  prosthetic nature
              ●The （71）    can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency．
              ●It（72）    in our daily events extending our intelligence，
              Comprehending our feelings，and expanding the range of social
              Activities．





              Wonderful aspects
              Memory and judgment
              ●On the Internet，we could quickly and easily locate the details，and check facts，without（73）    them in mind．

              ●The internet makes us smarter over（74）    kinds of things．It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the （75）    of the matter．

              ●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to （76）    our claims，and to （77）    our actions．





              The （78）    sides of smartphones
              ●Smartphones make it easier and more （79）    to check reality，watch video clips，read uxibo．
              ●Smartphones（80）    the possibility for new and insightful minds，and steal away our dead time．
              难度：中等
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            • 2．

              Holi ( 洒红节) is a spring festival, also   (1)   ________ (know) as the festival of colours or the festival of love. It is an ancient Hindu religious festival   (2)   ________ has become popular in and outside Asia. It is celebrated at the end of winter   (3)   ________ the night and the day are of equal length. The date of the festival is different every year. According to the Hindu calendar, it   (4)  ________ (usual) comes in March, sometimes in late February.

              The celebration   (5)   ________ (start) with a bonfire ( 篝火) on the night before Holi, where people gather, sing and dance. The next morning is a carnival of colours, where anyone, children or elders, friends or   (6)   ________ (strange), chase and colour each other with dry powder and coloured water. Everyone is happy to be made fun   (7)  ________. Groups carry drums and musical instruments,  (8)  ________ (go) from place to place. After a(n)   (9)   ________ (excite) day, people visit their friends and share the delicious food after cleaning up and dressing up.

              The purpose of the festival is to celebrate the beginning of the new season, spring. Hindus believe   (10)   ________ is a time for enjoying spring's rich colours and saying goodbye to winter.

              (1) ________ (2) ________ (3) ________ (4) ________ (5) ________ (6) ________ (7) ________ (8) ________ (9) ________ (10) ________
              难度：难
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            • 3．

              Yangshuo , China

              It was raining lightly when I  61     (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours  62    , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with  63      (it) choking smog（烟雾）. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

              I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River  64        are pictured by artists in so many Chinese  65      

              (painting). Instead, I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away   66       car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

              Yangshuo  67       (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers  68       (ｍａｋｅ) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it  69          (regular) arranges（安排） quick getaways here for people  70      (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

              难度：难
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            • 4．

              I needed to get some money so I   (1)   ________ (take) a job in the clothes department at Graham's for the January sale. I can't say that I enjoyed it,   (2)   ________ it was an experience I'll never forget.

              When I arrived half an hour before opening on the first day of the sale, there was already   (3)  ________ queue around three sides of the building. This made me very nervous. The moment the security guards unlocked the doors, they hid behind the doors for   (4)   ________ (protect) as the noisy crowd rushed in. I couldn't believe my eyes: this wasn't shopping; it was a battlefield!

              After a while, clothes were flying   (5)  ________ all directions as people searched for the sizes, colours and styles they wanted. Within minutes I had half a dozen people   (6)  ______ (push) clothes under my nose, each wanting   (7)   ________ (be) the first served. The whole day continued like that. People were spending money like water without thinking   (8)   ________ they needed what they were buying. As long as it was a bargain it was OK.

              That night, after a quick dinner I went to bed   (9)  ________ (exhaust), fearing the sound of the alarm   (10)  ________ would tell me to get ready for the second day of the sale.

              (1) ________ (2) ________ (3) ________ (4) ________ (5) ________ (6) ________ (7) ________ (8) ________ (9) ________
              (10) ________
              难度：易
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            • 5． Plans kick off soon
              For years，Chinese soccer fans have rarely had the chance to cheer for a triumph from the national team．However，hope for Chinese soccer has been ignited （点燃） recently，as the government released an overall reform plan to boost the development of soccer in China on march 16．
              By 2025，50000elementary and middle schools will include soccer in the curriculum．According to the plan，students will be given textbooks that teach the positions of players and soccer tactics （战术）．They will also be encouraged to form soccer teams and participate in competitions regularly．The extraordinary young players will be enrolled into local leagues and training camps，helping to build up a large soccer talent pool．
              Chinese soccer，with the national team currently ranked at No 83in the world，has been lagging behind many other countries for a long time．Critics say the biggest reason is a lack of a well-built youth training system，which is the key to creating a strong soccer culture，according to the BBC．
              Take Spain，a team that has dominated the world of soccer for a long time，as an example．It has the world's best soccer school，La Masia．This FC Barcelona youth academy is widely known for producing skillful and creative soccer talents．Teams in the academy are divided into 12levels，from U8（for players under 8years old） to U19．Its talent scouts （星探） are stationed around the world，always looking for boys who show outstanding potential for soccer．Studying there is free of charge．A talented 10-year-old boy can walk into La Masia and come out eight years later as a superstar．
              The rising soccer giant Germany also knows the importance of youth training．Germany scored only one goal at the 2000European Championships，which started a national discussion over why the country could no longer produce good，young players．So in 2001，the German Football League required that all Bundesliga （甲级联赛） clubs set up academies with youth teams from U12to U23．The clubs now spend over 100million on youth development each year．And they have successfully raised the standards of young German players．
              In 26-year-old midfielder Thomas Muwller，25year-old midfielder Toni Kroos and 33-year-old full back Philipp Lahm，for instance，the world has witnessed Bayern's youth work paying off handsomely．
              "Youth is the key to China's soccer，as late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping said"but it takes time to gain results，"said President Xi Jinping in 2014，"China's soccer dream looks far away，but we cannot stop．"

              （Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 13WORDS）
              78．What is the detail of China's soccer reform plan？    
              79．According to critics，why has Chinese soccer been left behind many other countries？    
              80．La Masia in Barcelona is well famous for    ．
              81．     has raised the young German players．
              难度：中等
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            • 6．
              A．addicted      B．unfavorably      C．increased       D．tapping      E．complex
              F．readiness   G．anxiety     H．sharpness    I．constant    J．breaking    K．considerably
              The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana （大麻）．That is the statement of researchers who have found that （41）     away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10points off the user's IQ．This rate of decline in intelligence compares （42）     with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana，according to British researchers，who have described the phenomenon of （43）     stupidity as"infomania（咨询强迫症）"．The research conducted by Hewlett Packard，the technology company，has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers，especially men．
              It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person's mind．It can cause a （44）     distraction of"always on"technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do．Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of （45）     to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand．The report also added that，in a long term，the brain will be （46）     shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life．At a microcellular level，the （47）     networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences．
              Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to a person's mind，but to their social relationship.1100adults were interviewed during the research．More than 62per cent of them admitted that they were （48）     to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they examined work-related ones carefully even when at home or on holiday．Half said that they always responded immediately to an email and will even interrupt a meeting to do so．It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and （49）     and affecting one's characteristics．Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude．
              The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson，a psychologist at University of London．"This is a very real and widespread phenomenon，"he said．"We have found that infomania will damage a worker's performance by reducing their mental （50）     and changing their social life．Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working．"
              难度：中等
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            • 7． Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．
              Kids worry about things like grades，tests，their changing bodies，getting along with friends，or the goal they missed at the soccer game．They may worry about social troubles like cliques （朋党），peer pressure，or whether they'll be bullied （威吓），teased，or left out．
              There are some tips to help your kids handle what's worrying them as follows．
              Find out what's on their minds．Be available and take an interest in what's happening at school，on the team，and with your kids'friends．Take casual opportunities to ask how it's going．As you listen to stories of a day's events，be sure to ask about what your kids think and feel about what happened．If your children seem to be worried about something，ask them about it．
              Show your care and understanding．Your concerns about your kids show they're important to you．It helps your kids feel supported and understood．Reassuring comments can help-but usually only after you've heard your children out．Say that you understand their feelings and the problems．
              Guide kids to solutions．When your children tell you about a problem，offer to help them．For example，if your son is worried about an upcoming math test，offering to help him study will reduce his concern about it．In most situations，don't simply jump in and fix the problem for your children．Instead，think it through and come up with possible solutions together．Solve problems with your kids，rather than for them．By taking an active role，kids learn how to handle a problem in an independent way．
              Be a good role model．Your response to your own worries can go a long way toward teaching your kids how to deal with everyday challenges．If you're at a loss or angry when dealing with a to-do list that's too long，your kids will learn that as the proper response to stress．

              Title：How to help kids （71）    

              （72）
                  of worries              		◆Academic：grades，tests
              ◆Physical：（73）     happening to their bodies
              ◆Social：relationships with friends，peers and others
              roles in a soccer game，etc．
              Tips for handling worriesFinding out kids'thoughts◆（74）     what's happened to them．
              ◆Find out their opinions，（75）     and reaction．
              Showing your care and understanding◆Show concerns about kids to let them feel （76）    ．
              ◆（77）     of their feelings and problems．
              Guiding kids to solutions◆（78）     to kids in trouble．
              ◆Solve problems with them，not for them．
              ◆Develop their ability to handle problems （79）    ．
              Being a good role model◆（80）     to stress or worries properly．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 8． Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need．
              A．accounted  B．limited   C．commercials  D．popular  E．overnight      F．helped       G．increased     H．symbols   I．though         J．talented   K．fashion
              The next time you watch NBA playoff action on TV，take a close look at the shoes that many players are wearing．Gone，for the most part，are the ankle-hugging high-tops that supposedly（41）     to protect players from injury．
              The change over the last few years to low-top sneakers（运动鞋） seems to go against conventional wisdom．Strangely，（42）    ，Steven Nash and Kobe Bryant，two of the most（43）    
              players with the Los Angeles Lakers，aren't worried．
              According to the US market-research firm NPD Group，high-tops once （44）     for about 20percent of the US basketball shoe market．Now，the number has sunk to about 8percent．Low-tops，the kind that Nash and Bryant wear，have grown to 29percent，from just 11percent in 2002．
              High-top sneakers are one of the most celebrated （45）     in modern basketball．After the 1985Air Jordans so transformed the market，shoe companies began battling one another．They put air pumps in the tongues of their shoes and made carefully prepared and organized （46）    ．
              "All of a sudden it became a（47）     business，"Marshal Cohen，an analyst with NPD group，told The Wall Street Journal．The Jordans were excellent．The market went from being nothing to a million-dollar business （48）    ．"
              One of the reasons high-tops are not so（49）     anymore is that they were never really very good at protecting the feet．
              In an article in the British Journal of Sports Medicine in 2008，University of Newcastle researcher Craig Richards found no evidence that sneakers（50）     injuries．His research actually found that high-top basketball sneakers could even cause players to run slower and jump lower．Now，the contest has become a war．Companies like Adidas，Nike，Converse and Reebok are all fighting to create the next"Air Jordan，"and with the next market battle．
              难度：中等
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            • 9．
              A．benefitB．welcomeC．familiarD．reachE．setting
              F．evolutionG．lastingH．reputationI．goalJ．introducingK．work
              Whenever I travel，I meet international leaders who have studied in Britain．These energetic，intelligent people chose Britain because we offer high quality higher education．This is good news for the UK．People who are educated here have a（41）     tie to our country．They promote Britain around the world，helping our trade and our diplomacy．It is easier for our executives and our diplomats to do business with people （42）     with Britain．British exports of education and training are worth some eight billion pounds a year．Money feeds into our institutions and helps our （43）     to open up opportunities for more people to study．Our young people also （44）    ．They gain from the doors in the world which contact with international students．We can teach，but we can also learn from others．Nowadays，we are launching a long-term strategy to strengthen the United Kingdom as a first choice for the quality of study and the quality of our（45）     to international students．This will be a UK-wide and a Government-wide effort．We are （46）     a package of measures to help encourage students from overseas to study in the UK．We will offer international students more open doors．…
              We have the measures in place，but we are also（47）     tough targets for recruitment（招募）．We want to have 25percent of the global market share of higher education students and we want to increase the number of international students studying in Further Education institutions by 100percent．Our aim is to （48）     these targets in 5years．Tough targets，but deliverable．While giving these undertakings，I also want to lay down a challenge to others．To business-I ask you to （49）     with the British Council overseas to market education．And to universities and colleges-I ask you to live up to your（50）    ，to professionalise your approach，to deliver a quality education to overseas students that encourages involvement and rises to the challenge of our competitors，to work as partners together．
              难度：中等
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            • 10．

              Jimmy:  Alice, how was your journey to the countryside?

              Alice:   Wonderful. We   1   (enjoy) beautiful sights and food in the country.

              Jimmy:  Food? Did you have   2   big dinner in the countryside? What have you had?

              Alice:   It was not a big dinner at all,   3   there were a lot of foods which only can be eaten in the local place, such  4  some wild vegetables.

              Jimmy:  Oh, I see. Did you do anything   5  ?

              Alice:   Yes. We got   6   well with the villagers and sent pens and books we carried to the poor students.

              Jimmy:  That is really great! I think they must study harder with your help.

              Alice:   It is far from enough.   7   (actual), I felt a little sad as soon as I saw the joy on the children who got the pens and books.

              Jimmy:  Why do you have this kind of feeling?

              Alice:   As far as I am   8    (concern), these things are nothing for the children who live in our city.

              Jimmy:  You are right. We can do more for the children living in that area.

              Alice:   Yes. Many of us who went to the place   9   (plan) to give more help to the children.

              Jimmy:  Can you tell me what you are going to do?

              Alice:   We are going to buy a number of books and donate   10   to the local school.

              Jimmy:  It is a good idea. I am entirely willing to join you.

              Alice:   It’s very kind of you.

              难度：易
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