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            • 1．

              Improve your memory

              Do you find yourself forgetting where you left your keys or blanking out information on important tests?  (1)  Before your next big exam, be sure to check out some of these tried and tested ways of improving memory.

              Focus your attention on the materials you are studying. Attention is one of the major components (组成部分) of memory. In order for information to move from short-term memory into long-term memory, you need to actively attend to this information.  (2)  

              Structure and organize the information you are studying. Researchers have found that information is best organized in related groups.  (3)  Or you can make an outline of your notes and textbook readings to help group related concepts (概念).

                (4)  When you are studying unfamiliar material, take the time to think about how this information relates to things that you already know. By establishing relationships between new ideas and previously existing memories, you can greatly increase the likelihood（可能性）of recalling (回想起) the recently learned information.

              Pay extra attention to difficult information. Remembering information at the beginning or end of an article is easy. However, recalling information from its middle can be difficult.   (5)  Another way is to try restructuring what you have learned so it will be easier to remember. When you come across an especially difficult concept, devote some extra time to memorizing the information.

              (1) _______
              A. Use this approach in your own studies.
              B. Try grouping similar concepts（概念）and terms together.
              C. Relate new information to things you already know.
              D. Repeat the information you are studying to improve memory.
              E. Try to study in a quiet place and concentrate on your learning.
              F. Fortunately, there are things that you can do to help improve your memory.
              G. You can overcome this problem by spending extra time memorizing this information.
              (2) _______
              A. Use this approach in your own studies.
              B. Try grouping similar concepts（概念）and terms together.
              C. Relate new information to things you already know.
              D. Repeat the information you are studying to improve memory.
              E. Try to study in a quiet place and concentrate on your learning.
              F. Fortunately, there are things that you can do to help improve your memory.
              G. You can overcome this problem by spending extra time memorizing this information.
              (3) _______
              A. Use this approach in your own studies.
              B. Try grouping similar concepts（概念）and terms together.
              C. Relate new information to things you already know.
              D. Repeat the information you are studying to improve memory.
              E. Try to study in a quiet place and concentrate on your learning.
              F. Fortunately, there are things that you can do to help improve your memory.
              G. You can overcome this problem by spending extra time memorizing this information.
              (4) _______
              A. Use this approach in your own studies.
              B. Try grouping similar concepts（概念）and terms together.
              C. Relate new information to things you already know.
              D. Repeat the information you are studying to improve memory.
              E. Try to study in a quiet place and concentrate on your learning.
              F. Fortunately, there are things that you can do to help improve your memory.
              G. You can overcome this problem by spending extra time memorizing this information.
              (5) _______
              A. Use this approach in your own studies.
              B. Try grouping similar concepts（概念）and terms together.
              C. Relate new information to things you already know.
              D. Repeat the information you are studying to improve memory.
              E. Try to study in a quiet place and concentrate on your learning.
              F. Fortunately, there are things that you can do to help improve your memory.
              G. You can overcome this problem by spending extra time memorizing this information.
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 2． Mike was dying to apply for a new job，but he was unconfident of himself，for he thought of himself as a （41） ______ （fail） and unworthy of success．He believed that the other applicants were better and more （42） ______ （qualify） than him．
              Mike's mind was occupied with negative thoughts and fears concerning （43） ______ job．When the day for the interview （44） ______ （come），he got up late and went to the interview hurriedly，in dirty clothes and with messy hair．He was unsure of getting the job．
              It so happened that Jim was competing for the job，too，but he approached the matter in a（45） ______ （complete） different way．Before the interview，he had made full preparations for everything needed．He dressed himself decently and behaved properly in the interview，（46） ______ （leave） a favorable impression on the interviewer．Expectedly，Jim（47） ______ （ inform） that he got the job eventually．
              Remember：Sometimes your appearance is a mirror，（48） ______ reflects your quality in a way．Also，your state of mind counts．People with positive attitude are more likely（49） ______ （succeed） than （50） ______ with negative attitude．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 3． We all have been told since we were kids that we need at least 8hours of sleep every night．（36） ______ ．Not many．
              Sleep，though，is one of the most important things our bodies need to stay to healthy．Without the rest that sleep provides，our bodies and minds wear down to the point where not only do we lose our work efficiency，but lack of sleep can even make us sick．（37） ______ ．
              A lot of people eat late into the night and then try to sleep on a full stomach．（38） ______
              While you're trying to sleep，your body is working hard to absorb whatever you've eaten．Stay away from food a few hours before you go to bed，so that your body can rest．
              If you need more hours in the day to get your work done，try to make a chice between waking up extra early and then going to bed on time，or staying up later but then also getting up later．Some people do better and are more productive when they stay up late．（39） ______ Do some tests on yourself to see which option works better on you．
              （40） ______ ．You body and your mind are more efficient when a routine has been set and a habit has been formed．Followed the same positive sleep patterns for a week or a week or a month and you'll notice a big change in how much more restful you feel．

              A．If you are struggling to get the sleep you need，here are some suggestions for you．
              B．So it's vital to have enough sleep for us．
              C．Turn sleep into a habit．
              D．Others feel better and have more energy when they wake up early．
              E．The more hours we sleep，the more energy we will have．
              F．This will not provide yiu with a restful sleep．
              G．However，how many of us actually get that many hours of sleep？
              难度：难
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 4．

                Many people believe that dogs should not be kept in large cities. They say that pet dogs should be banned because they are dangerous to man since they carry diseases and that they attack people especially young children.   (1)   For example, they eat large quantities of food that could go to feed the poor and the starving of the world. What's more, many people spend large amounts of money on their dogs, even buying them beds and toys,taking them to doctors when they are sick, burying them in pet cemeteries when they die.   (2)  

                  However I disagree with these arguments. Many animals carry diseases not just dogs. In fact people carry more dangerous diseases than dogs.   (3)   And if they are it is because they have attacked or frightened the dog. As for money spent on dogs, what people do with their money is their own business. Finally there will always be the poor in the world.

                Let us now look at why dogs are good animals.   (4)   They can also help the police to search for drugs and explosives (炸药). In addition, dogs are able to save people's lives after an earthquake when they are buried under fallen buildings. What's more, dogs are used to protect property (财产) as well as women and children.   (5)  

                 For all these reasons I believe that pet dogs should not be banned from cities.

              (1) A. They are used by the police to catch criminals.
              B. What's more, very few people are attacked by dogs.
              C. Finally dogs are used to guide the blind in the streets.
              D. Some owners even leave them their money when they die.
              E. The British spend more on their dogs than they do on themselves!
              F. In addition, they are of the opinion that dogs are expensive to keep.
              G. Many dogs are deserted by their owners when they get tired of them.
              (2) A. They are used by the police to catch criminals.
              B. What's more, very few people are attacked by dogs.
              C. Finally dogs are used to guide the blind in the streets.
              D. Some owners even leave them their money when they die.
              E. The British spend more on their dogs than they do on themselves!
              F. In addition, they are of the opinion that dogs are expensive to keep.
              G. Many dogs are deserted by their owners when they get tired of them.
              (3) A. They are used by the police to catch criminals.
              B. What's more, very few people are attacked by dogs.
              C. Finally dogs are used to guide the blind in the streets.
              D. Some owners even leave them their money when they die.
              E. The British spend more on their dogs than they do on themselves!
              F. In addition, they are of the opinion that dogs are expensive to keep.
              G. Many dogs are deserted by their owners when they get tired of them.
              (4) A. They are used by the police to catch criminals.
              B. What's more, very few people are attacked by dogs.
              C. Finally dogs are used to guide the blind in the streets.
              D. Some owners even leave them their money when they die.
              E. The British spend more on their dogs than they do on themselves!
              F. In addition, they are of the opinion that dogs are expensive to keep.
              G. Many dogs are deserted by their owners when they get tired of them.
              (5) A. They are used by the police to catch criminals.
              B. What's more, very few people are attacked by dogs.
              C. Finally dogs are used to guide the blind in the streets.
              D. Some owners even leave them their money when they die.
              E. The British spend more on their dogs than they do on themselves!
              F. In addition, they are of the opinion that dogs are expensive to keep.
              G. Many dogs are deserted by their owners when they get tired of them.
              难度：易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 5．

              A．account  B．adjustable  C．appliances  D．capture  E．decorations  F．direct  G．experiment  H．intended  I．operated  J．soulless  K．squeeze

               

              Golden Rules of Good Design

              What makes good design？Over the years，designers and artists have been trying to (1) the essentials of good design．They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design．There are four as follows．

              Less is more．This saying is associated with the German﹣born architect Mies van der Rohe．In his Modernist view，beauty lies in simplicity and elegance，and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means．Design should avoid unnecessary (2)    More is not a bore．The American﹣born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly，the result is (3) design．Post﹣Modernist designers began to (4) with decoration and color again．Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen (5) such as ovens and kettles．

              Fitness for purpose．Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function，purpose，shape，form，color，and so on．The most important result for the user is that the product does what is (6)．For example，think of a（n）(7)desk lamp．It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user．It also needs to be stable．Most importantly，it needs to (8) light where it is needed．

              From follows emotion．This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger．He believes design must take into (9) he sensory side of our nature﹣sight，smell，touch and taste．These are as important as rational（理性的）thinking．When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste，we appreciate a cool﹣looking device that allows us to easily (10) the toothpaste onto our brush．

              难度：易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 6．

              阅读下面短文，选择方框里A—E五个句子填入文中空缺处，使内容完整、正确（5分）

              It was a cold day in December in New York City. A little boy about ten years old was standing in front of a shoe store on Broadway.   (1)  A lady walked to the boy and said, “My little boy, what are you looking at?”  “    37         ” was the boy's reply.

              The lady took him by the hand and went into the store. She asked the clerk to get a pair of socks for the boy. She then asked if he could give her a basin of hot water and a towel.

                (2)   She removed her gloves, knelt down, washed the boy's little feet, and dried them with a towel. By this time, the clerk had returned with the socks. The lady put on the socks for the boy,   (3)   She patted him on the head and said, “My little boy, do you feel more comfortable now?” As the lady turned to go, the boy caught her by the hand suddenly and looked up in her face.

              With tears in his eyes, he asked her, “   40       ”  

              “ No, I'm a mother.” said the lady.

              A. and then bought a pair of shoes for him.

              B. The clerk quickly brought them to her.

              C. I was asking God to give me a pair of shoes.

              D. He was looking through the window, barefoot（光脚） and shaking with cold.

              E. Are you God's wife?
              (1) A.  B.  C.  D.  E. 
              (2) A.  B.  C.  D.  E. 
              (3) A.  B.  C.  D.  E. 
              (4) A.  B.  C.  D.  E. 
              (5) A.  B.  C.  D.  E. 
              难度：易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 7．

                根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

                  A proverb says“One man is not good enough to live alone in the world”．Indeed，there are many things in life which we alone cannot perform．

                  (1)  Friends are people who willingly and readily help us when we are in trouble and show sympathy for us when we are in pain．

                  (2)  For example，when we have passed the graduation examination and are looking for a job，we need experienced and reliable friends to guide us and help us on our way．A good friend is also an adviser because our own opinions on things may not be always right．  (3)  

                  Of course，we can make friends everywhere．However，I think the best place is school，where we are among a big number of boys and girls of our own age．  (4)  Besides，we can also make friends among the people who work with us in the community．

                  In order to make friends，we ourselves must be honest，noble—minded and kind?hearted whereby to leave a good impression on others since other people observe us the same way as we do．

                  At the same time，we should avoid bad friends，because they always do harm to us and moreover，they are dangerous to the people around．  (5)  In fact，seeking acquaintance with bad friends would be a serious mistake．

              (1) A. We need friends’help．
              B. A faithful friend is hard to find．
              C. A friend in need is a friend indeed．
              D. Therefore，it is necessary for us to seek advice from friends．
              E. what is worse，they destroy our friendship with good friends．
              F. The benefits of friendship are endless and sometimes invisible．
              G. Therefore，it is easy to get to know one another in a short time．
              (2) A. We need friends’help．
              B. A faithful friend is hard to find．
              C. A friend in need is a friend indeed．
              D. Therefore，it is necessary for us to seek advice from friends．
              E. what is worse，they destroy our friendship with good friends．
              F. The benefits of friendship are endless and sometimes invisible．
              G. Therefore，it is easy to get to know one another in a short time．
              (3) A. We need friends’help．
              B. A faithful friend is hard to find．
              C. A friend in need is a friend indeed．
              D. Therefore，it is necessary for us to seek advice from friends．
              E. what is worse，they destroy our friendship with good friends．
              F. The benefits of friendship are endless and sometimes invisible．
              G. Therefore，it is easy to get to know one another in a short time．
              (4) A. We need friends’help．
              B. A faithful friend is hard to find．
              C. A friend in need is a friend indeed．
              D. Therefore，it is necessary for us to seek advice from friends．
              E. what is worse，they destroy our friendship with good friends．
              F. The benefits of friendship are endless and sometimes invisible．
              G. Therefore，it is easy to get to know one another in a short time．
              (5) A. We need friends’help．
              B. A faithful friend is hard to find．
              C. A friend in need is a friend indeed．
              D. Therefore，it is necessary for us to seek advice from friends．
              E. what is worse，they destroy our friendship with good friends．
              F. The benefits of friendship are endless and sometimes invisible．
              G. Therefore，it is easy to get to know one another in a short time．
              难度：易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 8． The Bystander Effect
              The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present，the less likely people are to help a person in distress．When an emergency situation occurs，observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．Being part of a large crowd makes it so no single person has to take responsibility for an action （or inaction）．
              The most frequently cited example of the bystander effect in introductory psychology textbooks is the brutal murder of a young woman named Catherine"Kitty"Genovese．On Friday，March 13，1964，28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance，she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．
              Despite Genovese's repeated calls for help，none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police to report the incident．The attack first began at 3：20AM，but it was not until 3：50AM that someone first contacted police．
              While Genovese's case has been subject to numerous misrepresentations and inaccuracies，there have been numerous other cases reported in recent years．The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society，but why exactly does it happen？Why don't we help when we are part of a crowd？
              There are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First，the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility．Because there are other observers，individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action，since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．
              The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to intervene if the situation is ambiguous．In the case of Kitty Genovese，many of the 38witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a"lover's quarrel，"and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
              Characteristics of the situation can play a role．During a crisis，things are often chaotic and the situation is not always crystal clear．Onlookers might wonder exactly what is happening．During such chaotic moments，people often look to others in the group to determine what is appropriate．When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting，it sends a signal that perhaps no action is needed．
              So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction？Some psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle．When faced with a situation that requires action，understanding how the bystander effect might be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help．However，this does not mean you should place yourself in danger．
              But what if you are the person in need of assistance？How can you inspire people to lend a hand？One often-recommended tactic is to single out one person from the crowd．Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help．By personalizing and individualizing your request，it becomes much harder for people to turn you down．
              The Bystander Effect
              Passage outline Supporting details
              Concept of the
              bystander effect
              The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others keeps an individual
              from becoming （71） ______ in an emergency situation．

              It is obvious that the bystander effect can greatly influence（72） ______ behavior．
              Typical example In 1964，a young woman named Genovese met with violence and her life was
              （73） ______ outside her apartment，while bystanders who observed the
              crime did not step in to assist or call the police．
              （74） ______
              for the bystander
              effect
              Individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of （75） ______ in
              front of a large group of people．

              Before deciding to offer help，observers may want to make（76） ______ that
              it is appropriate to react．Besides，there is a natural （77） ______ for people
              to follow the crowd before the situation is clear．
              （78） ______ of
              the bystander
              effect
              You should realize or know the （79） ______ of the bystander effect and take
              measures to get rid of it．

              When in need of help，you should （80） ______ one from the crowd，which
              Will increase your chance of getting your request across and being helped．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 9．

              Darling Kelli

              I’m so sorry I will not get to see you grow up as I so want to. Please don’t blame people or the world for this. I wish I didn’t have cancer and you didn’t have to see me in pain as you often do now.

                 36   We don’t have that time. I won’t be able to drop you off on your first day at big school, pick you up after your first date, hold you when your heart hurts or cheer when you graduate.

              But while your old dad is still around I thought I’d try to give you some life advice. I hope it gives you some comfort.

              School

              Everyone will say it’s important to work hard at school. Hopefully you’ll always do your best. I did well at school but did it do me much good in life? Not really.   37   

              Mummy

              You and your mum will argue at times, especially when you’re a teenager.    38   Give Mummy a hug when she is feeling sad and help each other get through any horrible times when I am gone. When you’re a teenager you might think your friends are right and your mum is wrong. But she has to make hard decisions for you. Treat her well.

              Christmas & birthdays

              On your first Christmas without me, I’d love if you and Mummy would light a candle and remember me for a few minutes. It would be great if you two did the monkey dance together. That’s something to make me smile from up above.

              I’ve given Nanny Sue presents for all your birthdays. I wish I could be there to see you open them.    39     

                 40   

              In life, many people will say you cannot do things. You make up your mind. Can you? Big challenges involve risks so make smart choices. Those who told me I couldn’t do certain things didn’t want me to do them. If you want something, it is nearly always possible, so do your best. I’m sure there’s a lot you can achieve!

              And finally, thank you for being you, Kelli. Having you as my daughter is the greatest honour of my life.

              All my love, always, to you princess and to Mummy,

              Daddy

              (1) A. Please remember she loves you and wants the best for you.
              B. Most dads and daughters have decades to chat around the kitchen table.
              C. Remember your life motto.
              D. Believe in yourself.
              E. School work is important, but make sure you have fun too.
              F. Remember to write thank-you letters for presents of kindness as it is always nice to act with grace and gratitude.
              G. Hopefully you will like everything as it’s hard to imagine you at 10, 15, and 20.
              (2) A. Please remember she loves you and wants the best for you.
              B. Most dads and daughters have decades to chat around the kitchen table.
              C. Remember your life motto.
              D. Believe in yourself.
              E. School work is important, but make sure you have fun too.
              F. Remember to write thank-you letters for presents of kindness as it is always nice to act with grace and gratitude.
              G. Hopefully you will like everything as it’s hard to imagine you at 10, 15, and 20.
              (3) A. Please remember she loves you and wants the best for you.
              B. Most dads and daughters have decades to chat around the kitchen table.
              C. Remember your life motto.
              D. Believe in yourself.
              E. School work is important, but make sure you have fun too.
              F. Remember to write thank-you letters for presents of kindness as it is always nice to act with grace and gratitude.
              G. Hopefully you will like everything as it’s hard to imagine you at 10, 15, and 20.
              (4) A. Please remember she loves you and wants the best for you.
              B. Most dads and daughters have decades to chat around the kitchen table.
              C. Remember your life motto.
              D. Believe in yourself.
              E. School work is important, but make sure you have fun too.
              F. Remember to write thank-you letters for presents of kindness as it is always nice to act with grace and gratitude.
              G. Hopefully you will like everything as it’s hard to imagine you at 10, 15, and 20.
              (5) A. Please remember she loves you and wants the best for you.
              B. Most dads and daughters have decades to chat around the kitchen table.
              C. Remember your life motto.
              D. Believe in yourself.
              E. School work is important, but make sure you have fun too.
              F. Remember to write thank-you letters for presents of kindness as it is always nice to act with grace and gratitude.
              G. Hopefully you will like everything as it’s hard to imagine you at 10, 15, and 20.
              难度：易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
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