知识点挑题 - 高中英语 - 优优班--学霸训练营

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1．
Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words:
Just Ask Grandma
We read and hear a lot about healthy eating in newspapers and on TV nowadays. Experts and nutritionists tell us what to eat, when to eat and how to eat to stay healthy, Some of the their advice seems reasonable. Some just sounds strange. Who can we rely on?
Well, ask yourself another question: How did people choose foods and stay healthy before there were nutrition experts? We relied on culture, which is another way of saying: on tradition and common sense.
All of us carry around rules of thumb about eating that have been passed down in our families or plucked（采集） from culture. Earlier this year, US writer Michael Pollen posted a request about these rules on The New York Times website. Within days, he received more than 2,500 responses. Not all of them have stood the test of time or been confirmed by science, but all of them have something to teach us, Pollen said.
Here are some of Pollen’s favorites:
My parents are both from Italy, and one of our family rules was that you could not leave the table until you had finished your fruit. It was a great way to put fruit into our diets and also helped satiate（满足）our sweet tooth, keeping us away from less healthful sweets. – Marta C. Larusso
From my Romanian grandmother: “Breakfast, you should eat alone. Lunch, you should share with a friend. Dinner, give to your enemy.” – Irina A. Dumitrescu
Don’t eat anything that took more energy to ship than to grow. – Carrie Cizauskas
“It’s better to pay the grocer（食品商） than the doctor” was the saying that my Italian grandmother would frequently use to remind us of the love and attention to detail that went in to her cooking – John Forti
If you are not hungry enough to eat an apple, then you are not hungry. – Emma Fogt
“Make and take your own lunch to work.” My father has always done this, and so have I. It saves money and you know what you are eating. – Hope Donovan Rider
Never eat something that is pretending to be something else, e.g.: chocolate-flavor sauce that doesn’t contain chocolate. – Sonya Legg
小题1:Other than health experts, which other sources are there for us to turn to for advice on diet?
小题2:What does the underlined sentence imply?
小题3:According to Marta C. Larusso, we can both satiate our sweet tooth and keep away from less healthful sweets by_________________________________
小题4:What did John Forti’s grandmother mean when she said, “It’s better to pay the grocer than the doctor.”?

难度：较易

解析收藏试题篮
2．
Like all vertebrates(脊椎动物), fish have sense organs that tell them what is happening within their environment. The organs enable them to see, hear, smell, taste and touch.
A fish’s eyes differ from those of land vertebrates in several ways. For example, most fish can see to the right and to the left at the same time for the fact that a fish has no neck and so cannot turn its head. Fish also have no eyelids. For land vertebrates, eyelids(眼睑）help moisten(使湿润) their eyes and protect them from sunlight. A fish’s eyes are kept moist by the flow of water over them. They do not need to be shielded from sunlight because it is seldom extremely direct and bright underwater. Some fish have unusual adaptations of the eye. For example, a flatfish has two eyes on the same side of the head. A flatfish spends most of the time lying on its side on the ocean floor and so needs eyes only on the side that faces upward. The eyes of certain deep-sea fish are at the ends of short structures that stick out from the head. These structures can be raised upward, allowing the fish to see overhead as well as to the side and to the front.
A few kinds of fishes are born blind. They include certain species of catfish that live in total darkness in the waters of caves. Some of these fishes have eyes but no vision(视觉). Others lack eyes completely.
小题1:Why can’t a fish turn its head? (no more than 6 words)
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小题2:What can prevent land vertebrates’ eyes from sunlight? (no more than 3 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
小题3:Why are the flatfish’s eyes different from other fishes’? (no more than 14 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
小题4:What is the passage mainly about? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________

难度：中等

解析收藏试题篮
3．
阅读下面短文并用英语回答问题，然后将答案写到答案卡相应的位置上（请注意每个小题后面的词数要求）。
[1] Sometimes you are just having a really bad day, and it is easy for you to feel unhappy the whole day. If this is not dealt with properly, it really does harm to your health. Here are a few methods to help you out of trouble.
[2] Smile. Scientists say there is a direct connection between smiling and being happy. They found that smiling can produce a kind of substance (物质) in the body which helps to reduce the chance of getting ill. And they have discovered that most people who live long ______________.
[3] Exercise. Doing sports and games can help you forget your daily problems and make you happy. At the same time, it will help you stay in shape. You can choose from swimming, hiking or running. They are indeed helpful.
[4] Do something you love. Spend your time doing something that you like, such as cooking, reading, or shopping. If you don’t want to go outside, just watch some amusing programs on TV.
[5] Listen to positive music. Listening to happy music while singing along or dancing will take the anger or sadness right out of you! With the help of pleasant music, you will forget your daily problems and keep yourself in a good mood. You will feel that life is not so hard as you thought before.
[6] Think of others. It is better to forget yourself and look for ways to help others when you are feeling down. Look around and you will find there is surely someone in the world who is feeling worse than you. Try to help him and make his day better. In this way, you make yourself happy!
小题1:What does the word “it” (Line2, Paragraph1) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题2:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 3 words)
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小题3:Point out the advantage of taking part in sports. (no more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题4:What will happen if you help those who are feeling even worse? (no more than 6 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题5:What is the passage mainly about? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________

难度：中等

解析收藏试题篮
4．
阅读表达(共5小题；每小题2分,共10分)
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)。
On October 19，1959，the first Special English program was broadcast(广播)on the Voice of America．It was an experiment．The goal was to communicate by radio in clear and simple English with people whose native language was not English．Experts said the goal was admirable，but the method would not work．However，             ．The Special English programs quickly became some of the most popular on VOA．And they still are．
Forty years later，Special English continues to communicate with people who are not fluent in English. During the years its role has expanded．It also helps people learn American-English．It succeeds in helping people learn English in a non-traditional way．And it provides listeners, even those who are native English speakers, with information they cannot find elsewhere.
Today，Special English broadcasts around the world seven days a week，five times a day．Each half-hourly broadcast begins with ten minutes of the latest news followed by 20minutes of feature(特写报道)programming．There is a different short feature every weekday about science，development，agriculture，and environment，and on the weekend’about news events and American idioms．These programs are followed by in-depth(深入的)15 minutes features about American culture，history，science，medicine，space，important people or short stories．
小题1:What does the passage mainly tell us?(Please answer within 10 words．)

小题2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following sentence?
Special English has played a more important part in many areas over the years．

小题3:Please fill in the blank in the first paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)

小题4:What do you think about Special English?(Please answer within 30 words．)

小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese．


难度：中等

解析收藏试题篮
5．
阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息（不多于五个单词），完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
Just like in school, there are lessons you will learn in Latin dance. These lessons are not only about the dance itself. It’s also important to learn about manners (礼节) to get along well with other dancers.
What are some of the manners you should know about in Latin dance?
1. Sit out if the dance floor is overcrowded.
There are times when there are too many people on the dance floor. When the dance floor is overcrowded, people can run into each other, causing people to get angry. If you are polite, you will sit out in order to give way to other dancers. This way, they can perform with enjoyment.
2. Do not get in the way of other dancers.
There may be times when you need to share one dance floor. The best way to do it is to start in a place not too close to the other dancers. When you see that they need to move into your space, allow them some more space to complete their performance. Once they are finished, you will have the space to yourself and the people next to you will make space for you.
3. The dance floor is for dancing.
In the dance hall, do not use the dance floor to talk to your friends, discuss, or disagree about something. Dance floors are not sitting areas where you can do just anything. You will bother other dancers on the dance floor.
4. Avoid stopping other dancers.
You might need to step onto the dance floor while other dancers are performing. If you need to do this, walk around the dancers to avoid stopping them. This is one way of showing respect to your friends. You would not want them to stop you if you were the one dancing, so do not do it to them.
If all dancers would take these Latin dance manners to heart, then people would get along better on the dance floor.
小题1:What should you do if there are too many dancers on the dance floor?
________________________________________________________________________
小题2:What should you do when other dancers move into your space on the dance floor?
________________________________________________________________________
小题3:What should you do to avoid stopping other dancers when dancing on the same dance floor?
________________________________________________________________________
小题4:What is the passage mainly about?
________________________________________________________________________

难度：中等

解析收藏试题篮
6．
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写在横线上（请注意问题后的词数要求）
[1]Everyone wants something in life, love, money, success and so on. Yet too many people fail to achieve their goals, and nearly all of them are for the same reason.
[2]It‘s true that terrible things do happen to people during their lives, though no fault of their own, which may make them feel upset. Generally speaking, however, getting what you really want out of life is just a matter of the following three simple steps.
[3]Firstly, you have to decide what it is you want the most. But do not make a list of wishes; try to focus on one thing at a time. If you‘re not sure about where you want to go, you‘d better think it over first and not hurry to perform.
[4]Secondly, create an action plan. This will be your map for getting from ”___________________” to ”where you want to go”. You know what you want, and what steps you are going to take to get it. For example, if you want a better job, start with a skills assessment(评价) and maybe some extra training. Then you‘ll need to sell yourself and your skills either to your present employer or to a new employer.
[5]Other goals will require a bit more thought. Some will really get you lost without a clue of how to get there. Not to worry, though, books, biographies and such, can be of great help.
[6]The third and final step is to execute. Do what you planned. Take the steps you outlined on your road map and keep going on all the time. If you run into some people who are against you, simply ignore them.
[7]Never give up the goal. Keep pushing. Whatever you do, do not lose heart until you have what you desire in your hands. Never think that you can’t turn your dream into a reality.
小题1:What does the author want to tell readers in this article? (No more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________________________
小题2:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (No more than 5 words)
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小题3:list the three simple steps that you should take if you want to achieve your goals.(no more than 20 words)
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小题4:What’s the most important thing when deciding what to do? （No more than 8 words)
_________________________________________________________________
小题5:What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 probably refer to? (No more than 5 words)
_________________________________________________________________

难度：中等

解析收藏试题篮
7．
In the United States the most popular form of folk dancing has been square—dancing since the earlier days．In those days，men and women worked in groups to build a house or harvest crops．When the work was done，they usually danced merrily and happily in a store or in a farm kitchen．
Nowadays square-dancing is still performed．A square，which has four sides，is formed by four couples．Each couple stands on one side of the square，the man on the left and the woman on the right．That is to say, one square has eight people and they stand facing the center of the square．
Large or small numbers of people can dance together．Sometimes as many as 800 or 1,000 people may be dancing all at the same time．
Costumes are worn by those who do the square—dancing．This makes the dancing more colorful to watch．Men may have colored shirts and western trousers they wear only on special days．Women often wear full skirts of different colors with a pretty blouse．In some country areas，everyone wears their best clothes．
Today in all parts of the US you will find some schools，clubs，or other groups that are square-dancing for fun．They enjoy it very much．
小题1: In the earlier days，when did people do square—dancing?(No more than 6 words)

小题2: How many people are square—dancing if there is one square?(No more than l word)

小题3: What does the underlined word“costumes’’mean in Paragraph 4?(No more than 8 words)

小题4: What do people in some country areas wear in square-dancing?(No more than 6 words)

小题5: How do people of the US like square-dancing today?(No more than 6 words)

难度：中等

解析收藏试题篮
8．
One thing Britain is famous for is pubs, and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of the thousands of pubs across the country.
Pubs play an important part in the social structure of the country. They are places where all ages and social classes mix to talk, do business, or just spend a couple of quiet hours before heading home in the evening.
There are many different types of beer available in pubs. Traditional British beer is called bitter, or ale, and is usually served at room temperature. As a result, the British are famous for their ‘warm beer’! If you prefer a cold one, ask for lager. This beer is a light yellow in colour whereas bitter is usually a darker brown. All beers are served as pints (500ml) or halves (250ml). To order, you need to ask for a pint or half, and then name the beer. So, you could say “             .”
Wine, red or white, is normally available in all pubs, as are spirits such as whisky, gin or vodka. It is not, however, necessary to drink alcohol. Non－alcoholic drinks are called soft drinks. You can have juice, lemonade or cola, among others.
If you visit a pub in a group, it is important to pay for your ‘round’. This means that you buy a drink for everyone in your group. Not buying your round is a big social mistake! Remember that you need to order and pay for your drinks at the bar.
So, follow these tips if you want to get the most out of visiting a pub, and, “cheers!”
小题1:.What is the text mainly about? (Please answer within 8 words.)

小题2:.. Complete the following statement with proper words.(No more than 4 words)
If you didn’t visit one of the pubs found across the country, your trip___________________.
小题3:.. Please list the three other names of Traditional British beer (Please answer within 5 words.)

小题4:.Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)
_________________________________________________________________________
小题5:. What does the word “one” in the third paragraph probably refer to?
________________________________________________________________________

难度：较易

解析收藏试题篮
9．
阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题（请注意问题后词数要求）。
Poverty today is a major global issue. Although there are all kinds of definitions used to explain it, in simple words, it means the inability of a person to even get his basic needs of food, shelter, clothing, safe drinking water, health and education. Poverty can be found in each and every corner of the world, although the causes may differ from country to country. Given below are the main causes of poverty in the world today.
Overpopulation is one of the main causes behind the threatening of poverty on an individual level as well as a social level. This is simple math: If there are more mouths to feed and less income, definitely much will remain poor.
Another theory which is used as an explanation for poverty is lack of education. If you look at any of the underdeveloped countries, you will find that the level of education there is very low. Lack of education means lack of employment opportunities, thus leading to unemployment coupled with poverty in the future.
Moving away from one’s own homeland to another city or country in search of employment leads to poverty too. It may take these people a lot of time to find jobs. Meanwhile, they live in bad conditions. The cost of living in the city or country is most of the time too high for them.
There may be other causes of poverty like the change in business. For example, in America, a couple of decades ago, heavy industry flourished ,which employed a lot of African-American people. But now, the focus is more on information technology and health care, both of which employ only skilled and trained people. This has led to unemployment among African-Americans.
Poverty has many ill effects on society. That’s why steps should be taken to get rid of it!
小题1:What’s the meaning of the underlined word “flourished” in Paragraph 5?(No more than 5words)
________________________________________________________________________.
小题2:Why is overpopulation a cause of poverty today?(No more than 12 words)
________________________________________________________________________.
小题3:What’s the situation of education in underdeveloped countries?(No more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________.
小题4:What does the passage mainly talk about?(No more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________.
小题5:In your opinion, what’s the most significant cause of poverty today? Please give your reason.(Open)
________________________________________________________________________

难度：中等

解析收藏试题篮
10．
阅读下面短文，用英语简要回答文后所给的5个问题。
[1] You may be familiar with this situation. You pass a group of people who are talking to each other. You cannot hear what they are saying. But suddenly they start laughing. What would you think? Would you think they were laughing at something else? Or -- be honest with yourself -- would you think they were laughing at you? Here is a study published in 2009.
[2]Being laughed at is a common fear. But the study found that this fear is not the same around the world. It differs from culture to culture. People in Finland were the least likely to believe that people laughing were making fun of them. Less than ten percent of Finns in the study said they would think that, compared to eighty percent of people in Thailand.
[3]Some people in the study said they hid their feelings of insecurity. Others said they avoided social situations where they had been laughed at before. The study found that people in Turkmenistan and Cambodia were more likely to be in the first group. They would hide their feelings of insecurity if they were around other people's laughter. But people in Iraq, Egypt and Jordan were more likely to try to avoid such situations if they felt they had been laughed at before.
[4]Shy people often avoid situations that would force them into close contact with other people. They worry that something they say or do will make other people laugh at them. But some people worry much more than others. They may have a disorder called gelotophobia. Gelos is a Greek word. It means laughter. Phobia means fear. This fear of laughter can be truly sad for those who live with it. It can affect how they lead their lives.
[5]In the study, a team from the University of Zurich led more than ninety researchers from around the world. They wanted to understand the difference between normal shyness and true gelotophobia. Another purpose of the study was to compare the levels of fear of being laughed at in different cultures.
小题1:What is a common fear according to the text? (No more than 5 words)

小题2:What would people in Egypt do if others were laughing around them? (No more than 10 words)

小题3:What does the underlined word “gelotophobia” in Para4 mean? (No more than 5 words)

小题4:What kind of situation do shy people often avoid? (No more than 15 words)

小题5:Put the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.


难度：中等

解析收藏试题篮

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