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            • 1．

              President Xi Jinping delivers a policy speech to Chinese and United States’ CEOs during a dinner reception in Seattle, Washington, September 22, 2015.

              Beijing and Washington must read each other’s strategic intentions correctly, and have “less estrangement (隔阂，疏远) and suspicion in order to forestall (预先阻止) misunderstanding and miscalculation,” said Chinese President Xi Jinping Tuesday night in his first major policy speech on China-US ties since he arrived in the US early Tuesday.

              Xi called for more understanding and trust between the US and China, prior to his formal talks with President Barack Obama at the White House on Friday.

              “ China is ready to set up a high-level joint-dialogue mechanism with the United States on fighting cybercrimes,” he said, adding that the Chinese government was a firm defender of cybersecurity while also being a victim of cybercrime. The world’s two largest economies “should strictly base our judgment on fact, for fear that we become victims to hearsay, paranoia, or self-imposed bias”.

              Xi made his remarks in a 40-minute speech, the only public speech during his US visit, at a dinner attended by more than 750 business leaders and other dignitaries (显要人物), including former secretary of State Henry Kissinger. It was sponsored by the National Committee on United States-China Relations and the US-China Business Council.

              In addition to cybersecurity, Xi raised other issues of concern to some in the US audience, including China’s stock m arket and investment.

              Xi said t hat the government had taken necessary steps to stabilize the stock market after recent turbulence (动荡) triggered wide concern. China’s central bank adjusted its currency exchange rate acco rding to market supply and demand in August, which the president said has achieved “initial success” in correcting the currency rate deviation (货币汇率偏差).

              Xi also reiterated (重申) China’s opposition to cyber theft, in spite of high tensions between the two countries because the US has blamed several cyber attacks on China recently.

              “ China is a strong defender of cybersecurity. It is also a victim of hacking,” Xi said. “The Chinese government will not, in whatever form, engage in commercial thefts or encourage or support such attempts by anyone. Both commercial cyber theft and hacking against government networks are crimes that must be punished in accordance with the law and relevant international treaties.”

              Xi also shared the story of his hard and starving youth in a remote village to illustrate what a Chinese dream means for ordinary Chinese people.

              Xi arrived at Seattle early Tuesday morning with his wife Peng Liyuan, and was warmly welcomed by Washington state business leaders and officials.

              US Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker said that while this week many significant deals will be announced during Xi’s visit, it exemplifies (例证) US companies’ commitment to support China’s development with world-class technology.

              Kissinger, who played a major role with opening relations between China and the United States in the 1970’s, said Xi’s state visit is an important step in lifting the two countries’ relationship from the day to day solving of problems to the creating of a new world order.

              Xi will take part in a round-table discussion with Chinese and American executives, visit Boeing and Microsoft offices and a local high school before flying to Washington on Thursday morning.

              (1) What can we know about Xi’s visit in US?
              A. His major intention was to improve the China-US ties.
              B. He met President Barack Obama at the White House on Tuesday.
              C. He will make a formal policy speech on China-US ties on Friday.
              D. This was his first visit in US.
              (2) What can we NOT know about the speech?               
              A. It lasted 40 minutes and was made at a dinner.
              B. It was the only public speech during Xi’s visit there.
              C. It was sponsored by the National Committee on United States-China Relations and the US-China Business Council.
              D. President Barack Obama was at the dinner, too.
              (3) What did Xi talk about at the speech?
              A. The stock market in US.
              B. The cybersecurity in China and US.

                   

              C. China’s investment in Europe.   
              D. His experience in New York when he was young.
              (4) How will US companies support China’s development?

                   

              A. By providing China with high technology.      
              B. By building factories in China.

                   

              C. By exporting top-level talents to China.    
              D. By investing money.
              难度：中等
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            • 2． Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation（创新） that threatens the survival of companies everywhere．It's based on the assumption that old ideas will always work，so they shouldn't be challenged．While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don't change，it's unlikely to hold true in a changing situation．In today's rapid changing global environment，old methods often don't work，and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems．
              Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security．If everyone else believes it，then it must be true．Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right，and being right is good．They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work．In 1977，Ken Olsen，co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation （DEC），stated"There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home．"Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry，DEC no longer exists．
              People seem to forget that since innovation is a change，there can be no innovation without change．Unfortunately，conventional wisdom prevents leaders，followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating．If companies don't innovate，but their competitors do，the future is likely to be problematic．Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries，so it has a powerful effect on business success．
              Ted Turner （founder of CNN） knew little，if anything，about the news business，but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour，as was common before CNN．Turner's solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24hours a day．The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time，and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day．However， it doesn't take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers don't have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work
              ．Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information．Due to conventional thinking，the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted．They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future．
              Conventional wisdom prevents creativity，flexibility and risk-taking，so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it．To survive，thrive （茁壮成长） and maintain competitive advantage，companies must be flexible when reacting to change．
              难度：较易
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            • 3． Have you ever wondered where the chocolate in your favorite candy bar comes from？Chocolate comes from the cacao tree，which grows in warm，tropical areas of West Africa，Indonesia，Malaysia，Mexico，and South America．And who eats the delicious chocolate made from the cacao grown in these places？The majority of chocolate is consumed in Europe and North America．This probably sounds like a familiar story-developing countries produce inexpensive raw materials that are manufactured and sold as finished goods in developed countries，and generally， that is what happens with chocolate．Large chocolate companies buy cacao beans at a low price and produce cocoa and chocolate products to sell at a relatively high price．
              But the familiar story has a new chapter．Beginning in the 1980s，some consumers learned that cacao farmers were living difficult and uncertain lives．The farmers received money for their crops based on world markets，and the market price for cacao was sometimes so low that farmers received less for their crops than the crops had cost to produce．In response，groups of consumers in Europe and the United States developed"fair trade"organizations to guarantee that farmers of cacao，as well as coffee and tea，would receive fair and consistent prices for their crops．
              Fair trade organizations benefit farmers by buying cacao beans or other products from them directly at higher-than-market prices and eliminating （除去）"middle men"such as exporters．Fair trade organizations also encourage farming techniques that are not harmful to the environment or to farm workers，for example，growing cacao without chemical pesticides or fertilizers in the shade of rain forest trees．One organization，Equal Exchange，helps farmers set up farming cooperatives in which they can share resources and work on projects such as community schools．Another，Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International （FLO），guarantees that products bearing its label meet standards that improve the lives of growers and producers．
              The results of fair trade are a better standard of living for some farmers and nicer chocolate bars made with organically produced cocoa that consumers don't feel guilty about buying．And although fair trade chocolate is somewhat more expensive than other chocolate and now makes up only 1% of chocolate sold，the fair trade idea is spreading quickly．You may soon see fair trade chocolate right next to the more famous bars in your favorite store．
              难度：较易
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            • 4． The Chinese put up with a lot living in the world's most populous country：standing on over-crowded trains for 40hours； sleeping outside hospitals to secure a doctor's appointment； waiting more than a year to earn a driver's license．
              Add getting a U．S．entry visa to the list．Applicants here have waited as long as 60days to secure an appointment at one of five U．S．consular locations（领事馆）in China that process visas．There，they're often greeted by long lines，followed by a face-to-face interview that can end badly in a matter of seconds．
              Now there are only about 100U．S．visa officers in China，facing considerable challenges during the summer when tourists and students travel the most．"It's not easy work，"Charles Bennett，minister-counselor for Consular Affairs at the U．S．Embassy in Beijing，said to his staff．"You're making，in some cases，life-changing decisions many times a day，and that can cause great tiredness．"
              To adapt，US consular services expanded their hours，took on about a dozen additional staff and hope to have another 20officers by spring．More facilities are also being expanded．
              Despite the shocking numbers，the embassy remains dogged by charges that it rejects applicants unreasonably and that the process is unfairly burdensome．"I'm fed up，"said Wendy Liu，24．The single woman from Beijing said she was recently refused a visa and told to re-apply when her personal life and finances were more stable．"I'll go anywhere but the U．S．now，"she said．"I thought America was supposed to be a country of freedom．"
              To visit the US，Chinese nationals must prove that they have enough money and family or business ties that make it likely they'll return to China．The Department of Homeland Security said it did not keep records on how many Chinese overstay their visas．
              Student visas can be refused on grounds of national security．Beijing native Tan Ge，25，believes he was not accepted after he stated his interests in infrared（红外线的）technology and nanoelectronics（纳米电子学）on his application．He now studies in Canada after being forced to abandon a full scholarship to Arizona State University．
              By its very nature，the on-the-spot process at the U．S．Embassy can feel unbearable to Chinese applicants，who are asked to take their bank statements，property deeds（房产证），marriage licenses and HUKOU，a Chinese household ID．
              "It made me feel very uncomfortable，"said Xu Yong，28，a journalist who needed a business visa last month to cover a conference in New York．"They made me feel like someone from a Third World country up to no good．"
              After giving his fingerprints，Xu waited to be called for his interview，sitting in an area that was as quiet as a library．Each passing minute seemed to be as long as a century．
              After an hour，Xu was called with three other people to a window for their interview．Two were rejected before his turn．Then the American officer，speaking fluent Chinese，reached for Xu's paperwork，asked some simple questions and said，"Congratulations．"
              "I was so nervous．The first thing I did when I got out was to call my mom and tell her I passed，"Xu said．"She was the one who warned me it wasn't going to be easy．"

              难度：较易
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            • 5． Derek Wayne has obtained a 30-year，fixed-rate home loan of 100，000with an annual interest rate of 7.5percent．Because the loan extends for such a lengthy period，the mortgage（抵押） company calculates a monthly payment that ensures it will get most of its interest back first．Thus in the beginning months，Wayne's principal payment-the amount he pays toward his actual loan-increases extremely slowly．
              Payment Number Total Monthly
              Payment              		 Principal Portion of Payment Interest Portion of Payment Current Balance
              1 699.21 74.21 625.00 99，925.79
              2 699.21 74.68 624.54 99，854.11
              359 699.21 690.56 8.66 694.87
              360 699.21 694.87 4.34 0.00
              Let's analyze Wayne's early payments．Imagine that on December 15the Mauritanian Mortgage Corporation gives Wayne 100，000，and on January 15his initial payment is due．Throughout this first month，interest accumulates on the entire 100，000．On a yearly interest rate of 7.5%，Wayne's monthly rate is 0.625% or 7.5%divided by 12．Multiplying 100，000by 0.625% yields 625，the portion of Wayne's first monthly payment that is interest．So Wayne now owes 99，925.79 （ 100，625-699.21）．His February interest payment will be 0.625% of 99，925.79．
              By the time Wayne makes his last few payments，his monthly interest payment has decreased considerably．His balance following his 359th payment is 694.87，and 0.625% of that is about 4.34，his final interest payment．What was the total amount of interest Wayne paid？Multiplying 360months by 699.21equals 251，715.60，and subtracting 100，000（the loan amount） leaves 151，715.60-over 1.5times what he actually borrowed!
              难度：较易
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            • 6．

                 

              难度：易
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            • 7．

              At the invitation of President Milos Zeman, Xi paid his first state visit to the Czech Republic as the Chinese President on March 28th to 30th before his departure for the United Sates for World Nuclear Security Summit.

              Czech is famous for picturesque landscape, rich cultural heritage and hardworking people. The whole world, China included, is deeply impressed by the Bohemian(波西米亚) culture with the Ultava River. The Czech Republic is an attractive destination to Chinese tourists, who make a record number of more than 300,000 visits in 2015, making tourism a bright spot in China-Czech cooperation. Krtek is the first foreign cartoon series introduced to China from Czech, which is loved with other foreign ones, such as Snow-white, Slam Dunk and Mickey-mouse. The cute, warm-hearted and brave little creature is popular with Chinese people. Milan Kundera, the author of The Unbearable Lightness of Being, was born in the second city of Czech, Brno, after the capital Prague.

              The Czech Republic is one of the first countries to recognize and set diplomatic relations with the PRC. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties sixty seven years ago, the traditional friendship between the two countries has gone from strength to strength. In recent years, China-Czech relations have entered a period of rapid growth. For many years in a row, China has been the largest trading partner of the Czech Republic outside the European Union. At the end of 2015, the two governments signed an agreement on jointly promoting “Belt and Road” initiative, which created even wider prospects for exchange and cooperation in all fields.

                 "We believe President Xiˈs visit is a milestone event in our bilateral relationship and we aim to build a strategic partnership in the 21st century, with focus on shaping the multi-polar world," said Vojtech Filip, Deputy Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. This is Xiˈs first visit to the Central-Eastern Europe (CEE) region since he took office in 2013.Many officials and experts in China also believe this historic visit will usher in a new stage in China-Czech relations in particular, as well as China-CEE relations in general. 

              难度：中等
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            • 8．

              B

              The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartmentˈ sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing. Since 2009, a new form of sharing economy has been emerging in neighborhoods throughout the US and around the world-Little Free Library. The libraries are boxes placed in neighborhoods from which residents can withdraw and deposit books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults, or tour guides.
              In 2009. Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library as a gift to his mother, who was a devoted reader. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further. "I think Little Free Libraries open the door to conversations we want to have with each other," Bol said. .
              Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to Little FreeLibrary.org, there are now 18,000 0f the little structures around the world, located in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.
              The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article says the little, structures serve as a cure for a world of e-reader downloads . The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. For many people, the sense of discovery is Little Free Librariesˈ main appeal. "A  girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; a man on his way to the bus stop might find a volume of poetry that changes his outlook on life," says the Atlantic article. "Every book is a potential source of inspiration "

              难度：中等
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            • 9． Would you like to be an actor, but aren’t the right age or physical type for the part? Don’t give up: there may be a place for you in the world of voice-acting.
              Twenty-year-old Rickey Collins brings Tucker Foley to life in the cartoon Danny Phantom. In addition to many appearances on television and in movies, Rickey is a voice-over actor, someone we hear but don’t see. Rickey has acted since he was 6, both on and off camera. After school, his grandmother-- a manager and acting coach--helped him develop his skills by doing voice exercises and reading aloud.
              Voice-over actors do many kinds of acting. They are the voices of cartoon characters on television, in movies and video games, and for communicating toys. In films, they replace the foreign language conversation with English version. They create crowd noises, make commercials, act in radio plays, and record telephone instructions and public announcements. They read books on tape and even record museum tours.
              Like other actors, voice-over actors need to understand scripts, interpret characters, and breathe correctly. They have to master voice techniques, such as pacing, volume, and range. Sometimes they use their normal voices; other times they change their voices to create different characters or noises. Rickey receives his Danny Phantom scripts only a few days before he tapes each episode(集). He writes helpful notes on the script to guide himself on speaking his part.
              Rickey practices, then tapes at the recording studio. He and the other cast members sit in a soundproof booth, acting out their characters as they read their lines into the microphones. “The cartoon gets created after we record the words, so we have to imagine everything in our mind,” says Rickey. Later, the recorded words, music, and sound effects are combined with the cartoon art to create the cartoon we enjoy on TV. Sound interesting? Maybe you can have a “voice” in acting after all!
              难度：中等
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            • 10． The search for beauty spans centuries and continents. Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4,000 years show both men and women painting their nails and wearing makeup. In 18th-century France, wealthy noblemen wore large wigs (假发）of long, white hair to make themselves attractive. Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance.
              There is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive：beauty is power. Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money, get called on more often in class, and are regarded as friendlier.
              But what exactly is beauty? It's difficult to describe it clearly, and yet we know it when we see it. And our awareness of it may start at a very early age. In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs. The faces on the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students. In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones.
              The idea that even babies can judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers. In studies by psychologists, men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes, fuller lips, and a smaller nose and chin while women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist. According to scientists, the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits —the full lips, clear skin , strong shoulders —equal health and genetic well-being.
              Not everyone thinks the same way, however. “Our hardwiredness can be changed by all sorts of expectations —mostly cultural,” says C. Loring Brace, an anthropologist at the University of Michigan. What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another. Look at most Western fashion magazines: the women on the pages are thin, but is this "perfect" body type for women worldwide? Scientists' answer is no; what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world. They found native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded overweight in Western cultures.
              For better or worse, beauty plays a role in our lives. But it is extremely difficult to describe exactly what makes one person attractive to another. Although there do seem to be certain physical traits considered universally appealing, it is also true that beauty does not always keep to a single, uniform standard. Beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eye of the beholder.
              难度：中等
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