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            • 1．

              The United States is already one year into a depression. That was the news this week from the National Bureau of Economic Research. The downturn is the longest since a depression that began in 1981 and lasted sixteen months.

              Economists generally wait for production to shrink for six months in a row before they declare a recession. But the bureau, a private group, uses a wider set of information to measure the economy. The news only confirmed what many people already knew: that the world’s largest economy is weak and may not recover soon.

              Worsening conditions have led to a big drop in spending, especially on costly products like new cars. Even Japanese automaker Toyota saw its sales fall thirty-four percent in the United States in November from a year ago.

              The heads of Chrysler, Ford and General Motors returned to Congress this week to again ask for federal aid. Congressional leaders blamed them two weeks ago after they came in private jets with no clear plans for saving their industry. This time, the chiefs drove to Washington in fuel-saving vehicles. And their companies presented detailed restructuring plans. The request for aid has risen from twenty-five billion dollars two weeks ago to thirty-four billion in loans and credit lines.

              GM wants almost half of that, and says it needs four billion dollars this month. It warned that without support it cannot continue to operate. Ford is in a better position. But the sharing of suppliers means it could be affected if GM or Chrysler fails. Ford is asking for a nine billion dollar credit line in case it needs it. Chrysler is the smallest and most troubled of America’s Big Three. It says it needs a seven billion dollar loan by the end of the month.

              Two days of congressional hearings began on Thursday. The chairman, Democrat Chris Dodd, said he would support helping the automakers for the good of the economy. But the committee’s top Republican, Richard Shelby, continued to express opposition to financial aid.

              A main root of the world financial crisis is the weak housing market in the United States. The Treasury Department has been under pressure to help troubled homeowners. Now comes news that the department is developing a plan aimed at reducing interest rates on mortgage loans (按揭贷款) for some buyers of homes. That could be good for homeowners trying to sell. That could be good for homeowners trying to sell.

              难度：难
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            • 2．

              It was just over five years ago that we were waiting with decreased breath for Apple’s table!computer(平板电脑)．The company delivered．released its new creation，and set about redefining what a “tablet”could be．Remember?Table computers used to be heavy，folding laptops that ran Microsoft Windows and much terrible sofeware．The release of the new creation helped redraw that too1 in consumers’minds．No．this wasn’t the weighty thick of steel powered by UPS(不间断电源)any more；this was the future of the computer．

                  I was always doubtful about them．Sure．they seemed wonderful and light and perfect for bed-based computing．But they weren’t the right type for a lot of the ways I used a computer．They were great for a meeting but less so for my desk．When I needed to finish a report carefully or design a page，I needed the accuracy of my otherwise anachronistic(过时的) mouse．And，most important of all，I already owned a laptop．like most people．Buying another computer seemed more of a“nice to have”than a“must have．”

                  New figures from IDC，the market research firm，suggest that we’ve reached an upper limit for the modem tablet computer．According to the firm，shipments(发货)of the tool in the second quarter of this year dropped 7％worldwide compared to the same time last year．Apple and Samsung，the market leaders(41％ combined market share),each experienced a drop year over year as competitors like LG and Huawei exploded．

                  But the overall market is minishing，just five years after it appeared．For good reason：Laptops continue to decrease—have you seen the latest Macbook?——and smartphones continue to grow,even as both get lighter and longer-lasting in terms of battery life．Tablets．stuck in the middle,still have their place．But the meaning of that place is decreasing.Not very encouraging for a young，new computing type．

                  Are tablets dead?I don’t think so．They remain important to specialized uses，from hospitals to delivery trucks to sales meetings．Hundreds of millions continue to be sold every year．And some of their best qualities have been absorbed by the latest generation of laptops．(What is the new Macbook if not a touchscreen-lacking iPad with a keyboard and IOS X，Apple’s desktop operating system?) But from the looks of these numbers．tablets have an identity problem that can’t be ignored．

              难度：较难
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            • 3． After having worked in the University of Maryland for three years，I got a job offer from another university---Lynn University．I left my letter of offer on my present boss's desk，turned around，and closed the door quietly．I was expecting a call from my boss saying congratulations，which would show her approval of my leaving．
              In the afternoon，my boss called me，saying，"Can we meet tomorrow？"That was a good signal．The next day，I met with my boss．She said，'Nicholas，we want you．What do you want？"I said，"Boss，I deserve a significant pay raise this year due to my outstanding performance．I think I need a 10% pay raise next year as a condition for me to stay here．"My boss said，"No problem．''
              When I left her office，I called Lynn University and told them that I was going to get a 10% pay raise．They had to give me 10% more than their original pay offer in order for me to accept the job．The new boss told me that he was willing to give me more，but I would feel very bad working at this university with such a high pay．I would win a battle，but I would lose a war．He said，"The problem is that your colleague will earn less than you，so you will feel guilty（内疚）and uncomfortable．But，I can still give you 5% more than the original offer．"
              I delivered this massage to my present boss，and she told me that she would give me another 5% pay raise if I promised to refuse this new job offer．On top of that，she would strongly support my early promotion（晋升）from assistant professor to associate professor．According to the university policy，you must take at least 6years to get promoted．That was my third year of employment at this university．After refusing the new job offer，I finally enjoyed both a pay raise and early promotion．
              24．In paragraph 2，what does Nicholas mean by"That was a good signal"？    
              A．His boss would approve his leaving the University of Maryland．
              B．He would leave his present job and work for Lynn University．
              C．His boss would talk with him about a possible pay offer．
              D．His friends would congratulate him on getting a new job offer．
              25．Why did the new boss agree to another 5% raise when Nicholas asked for 10% the next day？    
              A．He did not have the right to make such a big pay offer．
              B．he did not want Nicholas to earn more than he did．
              C．Nicholas was not experienced enough to get such a raise．
              D．Nicholas would not feel good for earning too much more than others．
              26．How much pay raise did the author finally get as a result of refusing the new job offer？    
              A.5%      B.10%     C.15%     D.20%
              27．In the text，the author mainly tells his experience of    ．
              A．earning a pay raise            B．refusing a job offer
              C．applying for a new position      D．making decisions in the workplace．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 4． The disabled tend to survive in a world that is largely made for the able-bodied．Evidently，the disabled still want to lead a （76）     which is no more different from that of normal people．Unfortunately，things in the reality are（77）h       on them．What I have come to know so far is（78）     it's our common thought to laugh at people looking different from us．But being physically or（79）     disabled does not determine their character or insights．In fact，they have the same（80）     （权利） as everybody else and also want to live with（81）     （尊严）．Personally，the disabled are just the same （82）e     for some disability．Therefore，it doesn't（83）          sense to show prejudice for somebody just because he cannot walk or has one arm alone．Now，think for a while．What if somebody stares at you or points out fingers at you（84）c     your names？Ah!Such an annoying feeling，isn't it？You never know how others feel until you yourself are（85）p     in their shoes．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 5． Travelling by subway can be quite an adventure，especially during rush hours．You have to fight your （76）     into the carriage，and that's not the end．You also have to protect yourself from big backpacks and fight for space with （77）     who sit and stretch their legs．
              To deal with this problem，New YorkC ity has （78）    （启动） a campaign making people take off their backpacks on the subway．The movement is also （79）    （针对） at male riders who like spreading their legs to take up two，or even three seats．
              Some people say that the campaign （80）    （限制） everyone's freedom．Male travelers even feel it is unfair，saying that women who cross their legs also take up too much space．（81）     the campaign has been supported by people who are concerned abou （82）    （个人的）behavior in public spaces．
              In fact，all countries have written or unwritten （83）    （规则） that travelers are expected to follow．For example，eating and drinking on the subway are banned in many cities，（84）     WashingtonD C in the US andB russels inB elgium．
              So （85）     time you take public transportation，avoid bad behavior．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 6． We regularly hear how important consumer spending is for the economy．The story goes like this：the more consumers spend，the more money circulates in the economy，which contributes to healthy job growth and profits．Keynes，a British economist，went as far as to say that individuals saving their money may actually be hurting the economy．Sounds troubling，doesn't it？
              Fear not．You aren't actually hutting anyone else by saving money．Strong economic growth only comes from one place：savings．Not consumption．In fact，economic activity should not be mistaken for economic growth．For example，somebody takes their money，walks into a store，and purchases goods．The store increases its revenue．
              But what happens to all of those goods and services that people have chosen not to consume by saving their money？Simple：Other people are allowed to consume them．Think of it this way：When you lend out your savings，you are actually saying，"Here，I am not going to consume right now，so why don't you？"Banks simply play the middleman：they collect lots of people's savings and then lend out lots of funds．
              It takes an unbelievable amount of goods and services to construct a building．It takes food，shelter，and entertainment for all of the workers，as well．Without savings，it is quite impossible to finance such a construction．The coordination（协调）between savings and consumption is a necessary basis for sound economic growth．This coordination is also why consumer lending （say，to borrow a big sum of money to buy a car） is not productive，in a strict sense．It doesn't increase the net （净的） amount of wealth of an economy．Those savings could have been used to construct，say，factory equipment．
              None of this means consumption and spending are"bad"things．They simply do not make us wealthier．Alter all，the final goal of production and savings is to consume．But to say that consumption is the engine of economic growth is to put the cart before the horse．Or，to rephrase：the consumption of wealth can never make you wealthier．Happier，perhaps．Wealthier，no．

              63．What is the author's attitude towards Keynes'theory？    
              A．Approving．
              B．Reserved．
              C．Uncertain．
              D．Critical．
              64．The underlined word"revenue"in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to    
              A．cost             
              B．reputation           
              C．interest         
              D．income
              65．The author holds the view that    ．
              A．governments shall cut out banks as financial middleman
              B．economic activity is equal to economic growth
              C．consumer lending is the engine of economic growth
              D．consumption is likely to lead to increased happiness
              66．According to the author，which chart could show the effect of savings on economy？    

              67．What would be the best title for this passage？    
              A．The Saving Behavior of the Economy       
              B．Consumption：a Key Concept in Economy
              C．Consumer Spending and Economic Growth 
              D．The Truth about Savings and Consumption．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 7． As societies develop，their members start to see things not so much according to what they need，but according to what they want．（71）    
              Now，it's important for the managers in a company to understand what their customers want if they are going to develop effective marketing strategies．（72）     One way at supermarkets，for example，is to interview customers while they are doing their shopping．（73）    This provides information on which to base future marketing strategies．It's also quite normal for top managers from department stores to spend a day or two each month visiting stores and mixing freely with the public，as if they were ordinary customers，to get an idea of how customers act．
              Another way to get information from customers is to give them something．（74）     As well as being a good way of attracting customers into the restaurants to spend their money，it also allows the managers to get at feel of where to attract customers and which age group to attract
              Another strategy used at some well-known parks such as Disneyland is for top managers to spend at least one day in their work，touring the park dressed as Mickey Mouse or something like that．（75）    
              A．They can be asked what they prefer to buy and then the results of the research can be studied．
              B．This provides them with a perfect chance to examine the scene and watch the customers without being noticed．
              C．When people have enough money，these wants become demands．
              D．We have more ways of doing it better than ever before．
              E．Here are five principles of"H-E-A-R-T"communication．
              F．There are various ways o£doing this．
              G．For example，some fast food restaurants give away tickets to customers to get part of their meal for nothing．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 8． A．Don't assume that the sticker price is the purchase price．
              To get the lowest price，go in with a starting price that's based not on the sticker price but on how much the dealer paid for the vehicle．A reasonable price to start negotiations is either 4 to 8 percent over what the dealer paid or the CR Wholesale Price，depending on the demand for the model．
              B．Do your homework．
              Thoroughly research your choices．Read a variety of reviews．Check the reliability，safety，fuel economy，and pricing of any models you're considering．And don't wait until the day you plan to buy to test drive the vehicles．If you have a trade-in，know its approximate worth．That will depend on the vehicle's age，condition，mileage，and equipment，as well as where you trade it in．
              C．Negotiate one thing at one time．
                      Make clear that you want the lowest possible mark-up over your starting price．Add that you intend to visit other dealerships selling the same vehicle and will buy from the dealer with the best price．Only after you've settled on the price should you discuss financing，leasing，or a trade-in，as necessary．Negotiate each item individually．Remember，you're in charge and can leave at any time．Heading for the door can sometimes jump-start a slow-moving negotiation or bring a lower offer．
              D．Don't pay for extras you don't need．
                      Don't accept those unnecessary services and fees．If the items are on the bill of sale，put a line through them．Vehicle bodies are already coated to protect against rust．And CR reliability survey show that rust is not a major problem with modern cars．You can treat upholstery and apply paint protectant yourself with good off-the-shelf products．You can do your own VN etching with a kit that costs about $25．
              E．Other costs．
              In addition to the vehicle price，you need to consider other costs，including：Sales tax； Registration fees； Insurance premiums Taxes and registration fees can increase your out-of-pocket cost by as much as 10 percent or more，and driving a car that's worth more than your current one will cost more to insure．Be sure to check with your insurance agent or get insurance quotes online so you understand what you're getting into．
              F．Arrange financing in advance．
              Compare interest rates at several banks，credit unions，and loan organizations before checking the dealer's rates．If pre-approved for a loan（贷款），you can keep financial arrangements out of the negotiations．Automakers may offer attractive financing terms，but make sure you qualify for them．
               
              请结合以上建议，与下面的情形进行匹配．
              46．Many dealerships prey on the unprepared．Going into a showroom"cold"--without having gathered key facts and preliminary（初步的） pricing figures--gives the salesperson too much control over the buying process．    
              47．The dealer invoice price is commonly available on Web sites and in pricing guides．But the invoice price isn't necessarily what the dealer paid．There are often behind-the-scenes bonuses（幕后红利），such as dealer incentives（奖励） and holdbacks，that give the dealer more profit margin（空间）．    
              48．Salespeople like to mix financing，leasing，and trade-in negotiations together，often asking you to negotiate around a monthly payment figure．This tactic（策略） gives the dealer more latitude to offer you a favorable figure in one area while inflating（抬高）figures in another．    
              49．The salesperson may try to sign you up for a higher interest rate than you could get elsewhere．    
              50．Dealers often try to sellyou extras such as rust proofing，fabric protection，and paint protection or push etching your Vehicle Identification Number on windows to deter thieves．    ．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 9． 阅读理解。
                   The Friday after the American holiday of Thanksgiving is called Black Friday. It's said that it's the day that
              store ledgers (分类账) move into the black and companies become profitable. On that day, retailers slash prices
              to get consumers to buy. It is also a time when many Americans start their Christmas shopping. VOA's
              Elizabeth Lee tells us how the economy may affect consumers on that bargain day.
                   "It's just the deals, the sales and everything you can get for a lesser price," said Sandy Thomas, a shopper.
              But it's a nightmare for others. "I think it's crazy. I've done all of my shopping throughout the week so I don't
              have to go out on Friday," she said. It's called Black Friday, the start of the traditional Christmas shopping
              season in the United States. Every year it's the day after the Thanksgiving holiday. Stores open before sunrise
              and there are deep discounts everywhere you look.
                   While the lead up to Christmas is known as the season of giving, Black Friday can get ugly.
                   Last year a crowd of bargain-hunters killed a Wall-mart worker in a New York suburb. This year, many
              stores are increasing security while they slash prices. "This is a huge time for the retail stores," said Fred Joutz
              from George Washington University. "This is when they begin making their profits for the year."
                   Economics professor Fred Joutz says how Americans spend the weekend after Thanksgiving is a good
              indication of how consumers feel about the future.
                   With the unemployment rate above 10 percent, Joutz says Americans are saving more and spending less.
              "Credit is still strictly controlled whether through credit cards or through borrowing from banks," he said.
              Some retailers are attracting consumers by opening on Thanksgiving Day, when shops are traditionally closed.
              Other stores open their doors anywhere from midnight to four in the morning.
                   And shoppers will be lining up in front of the doors in order to be one of the first ones to walk through and
              get a big discount. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually the first items to go. Sandy Thomas says it's an
              annual family tradition and well worth it. "I just save maybe half of what I would have spent on a regular, you
              know, shopping trip," she said.
                   Economists say U.S. consumers will spend money this Black Friday, but they will spend it more carefully.
              1. The underlined word "slash" in the first paragraph probably means ____.
              A. reduce
              B. raise
              C. increase
              D. change
              2. The sentence "This day should be a shopper's dream." should be placed between ____.
              A. paragraph two and paragraph three
              B. paragraph one and paragraph two
              C. paragraph three and paragraph four
              D. paragraph five and paragraph six
              3. Why are many stores increasing security according to the passage?
              A. Because there are too many people saving more and spending less.
              B. Because it's a time when they begin making their profits for the year.
              C. Because last year a crowd of bargain-hunters caused an accident.
              D. Because many stores open their doors from midnight to four a.m.
              4. What can we learn from the passage?
              A. Christmas shopping is traditional time and this year it is no exception.
              B. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually least discounted.
              C. The economy only affects consumers on that bargain day.
              D. Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future.
              难度：较难
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 10．
              A．Using expensive testing equipment
              B．Staffing a modern hospital
              C．Testing becoming a great help
              D．Cost of medical accidents
              E．Cost of training medical workers
              F．Measures of reducing medical costs
              76．    
              Physicians'fees are only one reason for rising health costs in the United States．Medical research has produced many tests to diagnose，or discover，patients'illness．Physicians usually feel obliged to order enough tests to rule out all likely causes of a patient's symptoms．A routine laboratory bill for blood tests can easily be more than $100．
              77．    
              Sophisticated new machines have been developed to enable physicians to scan body organs with a clarity never before possible．One technique involves the use of ultrasound-sound waves beyond the frequencies that human beings can hear-to produce images．Others use computers to capture and analyze images produced by X-rays or magnetic fields．These machines are extremely expensive：The price of a single machine can exceed one million dollars．
              78．    
              New technologies also mean new personnel．Physicians，nurses and orderlies can no longer staff a hospital alone．Hospitals now require a bewildering number of technical specialists to administer new tests and operate advanced medical equipment．
              79．    
              Physicians and hospitals also must buy malpractice insurance to protect themselves should they be sued for negligence by patients who feel they have been mistreated or have received inadequate care．The rates for this insurance have been raised very steeply in the last ten years，as patients have become more medically knowledgeable，and as juries sometimes awarded very large amounts of money to injured patients．
              80．    
              As a result，hospital costs and physicians'fees rose steadily through the 1990s．Government agencies became convinced that it was necessary to limit rising medical costs．One approach is to require hospitals to prove that a need exists for new buildings and services．Hospitals also have faced pressure to run their operations more efficiently，and to decrease the duration of hospital stays for patients receiving routine treatment or minor surgery．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
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