知识点挑题 - 高中英语 - 优优班--学霸训练营

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1． Senior citizens are permitted to travel cheaply on a bus if they have a special card．Women may get cards when they are sixty．
Mrs．Matthews lives in the country but she went into town once a week to buy food and other things for the house，and she usually went by bus．She always had to pay the full price for her ride．
Then she reached the age of sixty and got her senior citizen's card，but when she used it for the first time on the bus，it made her feel very old．
The bus driver had often seen her traveling on the bus before，and he notices that she was feeling unhappy，so after she had paid her money，he winked（眨眼）at her and whispered，"Don't forget to give your mother's card back to her when you see her again．"
Mrs．Matthews was very happy when she heard this．

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2． Although being famous might sound like a dream coming true，today's stars，feeling like zoo animals，face pressures that few of us can imagine．They are at the center of much of the world's attention．Paparazzi （狗仔队） camp outside their homes，cameras ready．Tabloids （小报） publish thrilling stories about their personal lives．Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!
According to psychologist Christina Villareal，celebrities-famous people-worry constantly about their public appearance．Eventually，they start to lose track of who they really are，seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them，not as the persons they were before everyone knew their names．"Over time，"Villareal says，"they feel separated and alone．"
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages．In the 4th century B．C．，painters followed Alexander the Great into battle，hoping to picture his victories for his admirers．When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century，his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans，leading him to complain （抱怨） about his lack of privacy．Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do．
Being a public figure today，however，is a lot more difficult than it used to be．Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras．When they say something silly or do something ridiculous，there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their"story"alive forever．
If fame is so troublesome，why aren't all celebrities running away from it？The answer is that there are still ways to deal with it．Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities．They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place．
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice．Still，even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are．They are tired of being famous already．

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3． China's largest search engine Baidu has said it will make its latest artificial intelligence （AI） technology accessible to developers and businesses as part of the company's latest move into AI，big data and cloud computing．
AI solution"Tianzhi"was launched at a cloud-computing summit held in Beijing Wednesday．It includes services in three fields：sensing technology，such as image and voice processing，machine learning，and deep learning，an advanced form of machine learning，said Zhang Yaqin，CEO of the Nasdaq-listed company，at the summit．
Developers can access facial or voice recognition，algorithms（演算法） for data analysis and projections，and deep learning applications，Zhang said，adding that the technology could help users innovate in their sectors．
"With more devices connected to the cloud，enterprises will use cloud computing and AI more frequently，"said Wu Hequan，an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering，" Open AI technology can play a bigger role．"
The company also revealed a plan to invest 10billion yuan （1.45 billion U．S．dollars） in cloud computing in the next five years and establish an innovation center，which will serve 10 million enterprises．

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4． Tudor Cobalas nearly crashed his car while driving and texting on his phone．It was this near-death experience that inspired him to turn the smartphone from a weapon of mass distraction into a tool for safer driving．
Mr．Cobalas developed Safe Drive，an app that rewards drivers for ignoring their phones while driving．Once a driver drives too fast，the app launches a"Release"button on the screen，effectively locking the phone．Driving without checking the phone generates scores that can be turned into shopping discounts in the Safe Drive Marketplace．
It's a simple idea that has attracted nearly 100，000 users globally and 30 commercial partners．Worldwide，about 1.25million people die each year as a result of road traffic accidents，according to the World Health Organization．"Smartphone distraction"is blamed for an increasing number of accidents．Drivers using a mobile phone are four times more likely to be involved in a crash．Many parents also want to educate their children，young drivers．That is why a growing number of technology businessmen are trying to handle the problem．
"Although smartphones are rightly blamed for an increase in distracted driving，we wanted to show that smartphones could be used to make drivers better，"says Hari Balakrishnan，chief technology officer of Cambridge Mobile Telematics，a US company that has developed an app called Drive Well．
The app measures all aspects of driving such as hard braking，abrupt acceleration，sharp cornering and speeding．But it also monitors how often drivers are distracted by their phones and generates a"safety score"at the end of each trip．The free app features competition leader boards that enable drivers to compete with their friends，family and colleagues，as well as personalized safer driving tips．Good safety scores can earn drivers discounts on car insurance，Mr．Balakrishnan says．
Last year the company started a competition to find Boston's safest driver．Nearly 5，000 people have signed up，and 98 have been awarded more than 3，400 in prizes．Data from 40，000 Drive Well app users around the world present its effectiveness，says Mr．Madden．

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5． Since the beginning of the Internet era it has been pretty widely accepted that when you join an online service，whatever data you put into it belongs to you．That's the way things were-until Facebook came along．Facebook took a different approach．Until recently，everything you put into Facebook-photos，messages，wall posts，your profile info，and，most significant，your address book-could not be exported anywhere．In effect，you didn't own your data．Facebook did．
In October it relaxed things a bit with a policy that lets you export most of your stuff，with one glaring exception：the e-mail addresses of the people on your contact list．All you get is a list of names．Facebook says it can't let you take your friends'e-mail addresses because that information doesn't belong to you； it belongs to your friends．Of course this is rubbish．The reality is that Facebook wants to make it difficult，if not impossible，for you to leave．
Now that policy has sparked a fight between Google and Facebook．Google is steamed because its users can，and often do，export their Gmail contact information into Facebook．But those people can't bring Facebook info back into Gmail．
Earlier this month Google declared it would block exports of its data to services that don't reciprocate -meaning guess who．In a countermove，Facebook hacked around Google's roadblock so its users could keep pulling data from Google．
Google said it was"disappointed"with Facebook's behavior．It also created a warning screen to tell Gmail users that if they export their information to Facebook they won't get it back．
Both companies declined to comment on the record for this story．But what's really going on is that they're at war．Google views Facebook as a threat to its business and has been trying to launch a social-networking service to compete with it．Facebook has rounded up 500million people and intends to generate billions of dollars in revenue（收益） by gathering data about them and selling it to advertisers．
Facebook's position with rival tech companies boils down to this：if you want access to all the information we've collected，strike a deal with us．Microsoft and Yahoo have done that，and now，like magic，they can export Facebook contact info into their systems，while Google still can't．
Remember the early days of the Net，when everything was going to be open and free，and we were all going to share information in a techno-utopia？That was great until people realized that their user data could be turned into gold．Now there are billions at stake，and nobody is playing nice anymore．

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6． Are you a gourmand（美食主义者）？Do you want to eat every delicious food in the world？Then do you watch the popular program？"A Bite of China"is a documentary on Chinese delicious food which has been broadcasted by CCTV．Is there any holiday that isn't celebrated with a special festival food？Here are several traditional Chinese foods：
Eggs hold a special meaning in many cultures，and China is no exception．The Chinese believe eggs mean producing something new．After a baby is born，parents may hold a"red egg and ginger party，"where they pass out eggs to announce the birth．In some areas of China the number of eggs represents the sex of the child，for example，an odd number for a girl，and an even number when a boy has been born．
Noodles are a symbol of long life in Chinese culture．They are as much a part of a Chinese birthday celebration as a birthday cake with lit candles is in many countries．Since noodles represent long life，it is considered very unlucky to cut it off．
Although westerners sometimes may be very sorry to see fish lying on a plate，in China a whole fish is a symbol of richness．In fact，at a party it is traditional to serve the whole fish last，pointed toward the valued guest．Fish also has a special meaning because the Chinese word for fish，yu，sounds like the word for richness or plenty，and it is believed that eating fish will help your wishes come true in the year to come．
A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat Festival is Zongzi．This tasty dish is made of rice dumplings with meat，peanut or other delicious food in bamboo leaves．The tradition of Zongzi is meant to remind us of a great patriot，Qu Yuan．
The 50-minute program tries to bring something new by presenting more cultural elements，such as eating habits and the quality of eating．

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7． Pierre is a 25-year-old penguin（企鹅）at the California Academy of Sciences．Due to his old age，he was losing his feathers，which made him feel too cold to swim in the pool．Therefore，biologists at the academy had a wet suit created for this penguin to help him get back in the swimming pool．
Unlike marine（海生的）mammals，which have a layer of blubber（鲸脂）to keep them warm，penguins depend on their waterproof feathers．Without them，Pierre was unwilling to jump into the swimming pool and ended up trembling on the side of the pool while his 19peers played in the water．
"He was cold；he would shake，"said Pam Schaller，a senior biologist．Schaller first tried a heat lamp to keep Pierre warm．Then she got another idea：if wet suits keep humans warm in the cold Pacific，why not make one for Pierre？
Schaller designed the suit，which covered Pierre's body and had small openings for his flippers （鳍）．
"I would walk behind him and look at where there were any gaps，and cut and refit until it looked like it was extremely suitable．"she said．
One concern was that the other penguins would reject Pierre in his new suit，but in fact，they accepted his new look．He swam freely and got along with others well，although he was the only penguin with a black stomach．
Schaller couldn't say for sure whether the wet suit allowed Pierre to recover his fine feathers，but"certainly we were able to keep him comfortable during a period of time that would have been very difficult for him to stay comfortable"．
Pierre will take off his suit after his new feathers grow back．

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8． One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend．"One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that，with a few important exceptions，mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states．"said Neville Alexander，Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town．
In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration，many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade．In some，the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters．One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994"Toubon law"in France，and the idea has been copied in many countries since then．Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts，who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process．
It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the"purity"of a language by law．Since the time of Shakespeare，English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language．English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world，but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power．Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things．English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language，similar，for example，to the Academic Francaise in France．
The need to protect national languages is，for most western Europeans，a recent phenomenon-especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields．Public communication，education and new ways of communication promoted by technology，may be key fields to defend．

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9．
What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster?

Yes, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice cream. Just ask John Harrison, an “Official Taste Tester” for the past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers（制造商） to be sure of a product’s quality. During his career Harrison has been responsible for approving large quantities of the sweet ice cream—as well as for developing over 75 flavors（味道）.

Some people think that it would be easy to do this job; after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No—there’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or food-science degree would be very useful to someone wanting a career in this “cool” field.

In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice-cream samples. He lets the ice cream warm up to about 12°F. Harrison explains, “You get more flavor from warmer ice cream, which is why some kids like to stir（搅拌）it, creating ice-cream soup.”

While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance. “Tasting begins with the eyes,” he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself，“Does the product have the color expected from that flavor?” Next it’s time to taste!

Continuing to think up new ideas, try out new flavors, and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy – working at one cool job.

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10．
Most of the time, people wear hats to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions. Hats are also worn to show politeness and as signs of social position. But nowadays, hats, especially women's hats, are much more than that. More exactly, hats have changed into fashion and style symbols by many movie stars. What's more, people now consider many different features(特点) when choosing even a simple hat. Many designers point out that, when choosing the right hat, it's important to consider the color of your skin as well as your hair, your height, and the shape of your face.

First of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair. For instance, black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned. If a purple hat is placed on top of red hair, one will look as attractive as a summer flower. Second, the height of the hat is also an important point. Tall women should not go for hats with tall crowns, just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims to give the look of height. Third, and most importantly, the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should pick. A small, gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a small face. However, women with big, round faces should choose a different style.

As the saying goes, "Fine feathers make fine birds." A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features, so why not choose the best possible one next time you want to be in public?

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