I had an experience once which taught me something about the ways people made a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I officiated(主持) at two funerals for two elderly women.   (1)  . At the first home, the son of the deceased(已故) woman said, “If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son said, “If only I had not insisted her going to Florida, she would be alive today.   (2)  . It is my fault.”

     When things don’t turn out as we would like them to, we tend to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course, for example, keeping mother at home, would have turned out better.   (3)   

     There seem to be elements involved in our readiness to feel guilty. The first lies in our belief that the world makes sense---there is a reason for everything that happens.

     The second is the thought that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen.  (4)  . A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and calls the rest of the world to its tasks.  (5)  . When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely abandon that childish thought that our wishes cause things to happen.

Weight loss is a hard topic. Lots of people aren’t satisfied with their present weight, but most people aren’t sure how to change it. You may want to look like the models or actors in magazines or on TV, but those goals might not be healthy or realistic(现实的) for you .   (1)  

So what should you do about your weight control?

  (2)   The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to a doctor or dietitian（营养学家).   (3)   If it turns out that you can benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions listed below to get started.

  (4)   People who lose weight quickly by crash dieting or other extreme measures usually gain back all of the pounds they lost, because they haven’t permanently(永久地) changed their habits. Therefore, the best weight management ways are those that you can maintain for a lifetime.

Small changes are a lot easier to stick with(坚持做) than large ones. Try reducing the size of what you eat.   (5)   Once you have that down, start gradually introducing healthier foods and exercise into your life.

It’s a good idea to maintain a healthy weight because it’s just that: healthy.

 Whether youˈ re a child, teenager, young adult or are middle-aged, respect for your parents is an important value. Your parents are the people who raised you, devoting time, energy and money to your development.   (1)    No matter your age, there are 5 ways to show respect.

●Respect their belongings.

   One important way to show respect is to show regard for the things important to your parents. For younger children, this may mean not touching jewelry or other valuable things. For grown children, respect may mean returning a borrowed tool in good condition and on time. Lack of respect for a parentˈs belongings is a violation of personal boundaries.   (2)   And never borrow things without asking first.

●Punctuality（准时）

  (3)  Therefore, always be on time. For teenagers, showing up on time means coming home by curfew（宵禁）.Adult children should show up on time for family dinners or events, or to pick a parent up for a medical appointment. Call if youˈre going to be late because parents worry about children, no matter their age.

●  (4)  

   Remembering birthdays, anniversaries and other special days is a sign that you honor your parents. Make plans to take them to lunch or dinner or bake a cake or cookies. Most parents donˈt expect expensive gifts, but a handmade gift is always appreciated .A phone call from a grown child who lives too far for a visit is a welcome sign of respect.

●Be kind.

   Kind words and affection are simple ways to show respect. Tell your parents you love them. Listen and allow your parents to speak without interruption. Show a sincere interest in what your parents have to say. Be patient with your parents and donˈt rush them. Never talk back or be rude or disrespectful. Acknowledge your parentsˈ achievements.   (5)  

How to overcome shyness

Does the thought of talking in front of people make you shy? If so, you are far form alone. Many people in the world suffer from mild to extreme shyness and are struggling to overcome it. Remember that breaking out from that shell doesn’t magically happen overnight.   (1)  You' re on the right track by just reading this article 一 now let's keep going.

Figure out your reasons . Do you become shy in front of new audiences? Or when surrounded by people you know and admire? Try to find out the thoughts that go through your head right before the shyness hits. Chances are that not all situations make you shy. You’re okay being around your family,right? Are they different from the strangers around you? Of course not 一  (2)  

  (3)  For 99% of us,we become shy when we think if we speak up or stand out,we’ ll embarrass ourselves. That’s why it’s important to focus on others. When we stop focusing on ourselves, we stop worrying about our performance.

Practice speaking clearly to yourself. You have gotten used to hearing your own voice!Record yourself pretending to have conversations. Sounds ridiculous,sure,but you’ 11 notice patterns,when and why you drop off,etc. At the beginning you’ll feel like an actor,but it will become an old habit.   (4)  

Don’t compare yourself to others. The more you compare yourself to others,the more you will feel that you are not able to measure up.   (5)  Even if you do, do it realistically. Everyone else has his own confidence problems,too!

How to deal with difficult people at work 

Don’t be reactive.

You are likely to make more mistakes when you respond immediately to their mean actions or words.  (1)  If it’s in a meeting and you have to say something, wait extra 5 seconds before you speak it out.

Give them something.

 It’s all about damage control here. Difficult people will continue to exist in any working place.

  (2)   And sometimes you have to give them what they want. Occasionally, they ask for reasonable things. Always examine your reply to them before saying the easy “No”. Yes, even with such people, you have to be objective. If they ask for something that doesn’t make sense, but doesn’t require much effort from your end, give it to them!   (3)  .

  (4)  

If he/she is your direct leader, things can become really bad. You will reach to the point where you fear to come to work. Unfortunately, getting out of such situations may require long-term planning. Build relationships with other people in the organization; explore other opportunities with great teams. Don’t give up and always reach out to people.

Work hard.

Nothing deserves to be shown off more than your hard work.  (5)  The positive effect of your hard work silences those difficult people around you.

Improve your memory

  Some people often complain about their poor memory. Actually there are several ways to keep your memory sharp. This article will show you some simple tips.

    (1)   When you say these things, you begin to plant the thought in your mind and it may become true. Tell yourself you can remember anything as long as you put your mind to the task. You will see an improvement in your memory.

    (2)   If you have trouble remembering phone numbers or other blocks of numbers, it can be really helpful to try this method. If you remember them in smaller groups, like two or three digits, it will also be much easier to remember the number.

  Be sure to see a doctor if you really are losing your memory. A poor memory can be a sign that you are in low spirits.  (3)  

  Playing games also helps improve your memory. Any type of game that involves remembering things is wonderful.  (4)  Try and remember it when you have nothing better to do. A useful tip for anyone interested in games is to often work on solving word puzzles and similar types of games.    (5)    Not only will your memory probably improve, you will also have a great deal of fun.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。

Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.  (1)  In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.

One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.  (2)  Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.

  (3)  They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.  (4)  Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some thinkthat a woman’s body cells have a tendency to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.  (5)  

How to stop sleeping in class?

   Sleeping in class prevents you from paying attention to the teacher as well as stops you from learning about the material that is being taught. It can also get you in trouble with your teachers. It is important to determine why you are falling asleep in class and try to change the situation so that you are able to stay awake and pass all of your classes.

   ____  (1)  ____

   ____  (2)  ____ It is reported that teenagers may need more sleep than adults. Go to bed earlier and, make sure you get as many hours of sleep as your body needs. This is a key to staying awake in class. If you are not tired, you are unlikely to fall asleep.

   Eat a healthy breakfast full of nutritious foods. ____  (3)  ____ If you get hungry or tired in the middle of the day, try eating a healthy snack like a piece of fruit or some biscuits.

   Get involved during class. ____  (4)  ____ Taking notes, asking questions and otherwise getting involved in classroom activities and discussions will make you far less likely to doze off.

   ____  (5)  ____ If you have a medical condition that is causing you to fall asleep in class, it will need to be treated by a professional. Prescription drugs may also cause sleepiness as a side effect, so discuss any medicine you are taking with your doctor.

 There’s no doubt that when it comes to friendship,you want positive people in your life and not negatives ones.  (1)  

Support when you need it·

    With positive friends,you don’t need to beg for help when you need it because chances are they will be there for you without asking.  (2)  

     Health benefits of being positive.

The more positive friends you have,the better you will be at remaining optimistic yourself.  (3)   For example,it helps people to deal with stress and illness better.Health benefits may include lower rates of depression,a greater ability to throw off colds,and a reduced risk of developing disease.   

     Bring out the best in you.

      (4)  This means trying new things,achieving goals,and having the kind of life you dreamed of for yourself.With positive people in your life,you’ll feel more comfortable sharing your goals because your friends will give you the emotional push you need to go after what you want in life.

  Attract More Positive Friends

  You naturally attract the kinds of friends who are most like you.So if you’re a downer,you’ll probably find that negative people flock to you.   (5)   The more you are able to maintain a positive attitude,the more like-minded people you’ll attract in return.

The Nobel Prize is a series of awards given to people excelling (胜出) in scientific,  literary and social fields. The Nobel Prizes have been awarded annually since 1901 to those who stand out in their field of expert knowledge or skill，and specifically those who make great progress in the advancement of these fields. The best known prize is the Nobel Peace Prize，but there are also awards for physics，chemistry，medicine and literature. Nobel Prize nominees arenˈt told about their nomination(提名)，only the winners are announced publicly. Winners are announced every October and the ceremony is in December. Each prize is made up of a medal，a personal diploma and a cash award of 10 million Swedish kronor(1.4 million US dollars)．

If you want to win one of these awards，you must stand out in your field and earn the

nomination. Therefore，first focus your studies in one of the Nobel Prize fields. The categories are peace，physics，chemistry，physiology，economics and literature. Get a background education in one of these fields.

Then find a world problem and try to solve it. Curing diseases，discovering new things or

even just attempting to fix a problem may attract the attention of a Nobel nominator. Find one issue you think you can solve and work on that. It may take years before your work gets anywhere，but you should stay focused and work toward a solution.

Network(沟通)with others in your field. Since you canˈt nominate yourself for a Nobel Prize，you must make other people know your work. Attend conferences and write articles to newspapers and magazines about your work. The more you make your work known，the better your chances of earning a nomination. If your work gets the attention of a Nobel Prize nominator，he or she may nominate you.

Ignore frustration. It can take years or even decades for your work to gain recognition，so

donˈt give up if you havenˈt won a prize. In some scientific categories the Nobel Prize selection

committee actually delays giving a prize for several years，just in case a theory is discredited(不足信的). Keep at your work and realize that even if you donˈt win a Nobel Prize youˈll still be doing the world some good.