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            • 1． Even before my father left us，my mother had to go back to work to support our family. Once I came out of the kitchen，complaining，“Mom，I can't peel potatoes. I have only one hand.”
                  Mom never looked up from sewing. “You get yourself into that kitchen and peel those potatoes，” she told me. “And don't ever use that as an excuse for anything again！”
                  In the second grade，our teacher lined up my class on the playground and had each of us race across the monkey bars，swinging from one high steel rod to the next. When it was my turn，I shook my head. Some kids behind me laughed，and I went home crying.
              That night I told Mom about it. She hugged me，and I saw her “we'll see about that” look. The next afternoon，she took me back to school. At the deserted playground，Mom looked carefully at the bars.
                  “Now，pull up with your right arm，” she advised. She stood by as I struggled to lift myself with my right hand until I could hook the bar with my other elbow(肘子)．Day after day we practiced，and she praised me for every rung I reached. I'll never forget the next time，crossing the rungs，I looked down at the kids who were standing with their mouths open.
                  One night，after a dance at my new junior high，I lay in bed sobbing. I could hear Mom come into my room. “Mom，” I said，weeping，“none of the boys would dance with me.”
                  For a long time，I didn't hear anything. Then she said，“Oh，honey，someday you'll be beating those boys off with a bat.” Her voice was faint and cracking. I peeked out from my covers to see tears running down her cheeks. Then I knew how much she suffered on my behalf(为了我)．She had never let me see her tears.
              难度：中等
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            • 2． Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers urged, "Barbara, be enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience." How right they were! Enthusiastic people can turn a boring drive into an adventure, extra work into opportunity and strangers into friends.
                  "Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm," wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is the paste that helps you hang in there when the th ing gets tough.It is the inner voice that whispers, "I can do it!" when others shout, "No, you can't!" It took years and years for the early work of Barbara McClintock, a geneticist（遗传学家）who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didn"t let up on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping.
                  We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such a youthful air, whatever their age. At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach（巴赫）. As the music flowed through his fingers, his bent shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes. As author and poet Samuel once wrote, "Years wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul."
                  Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money, title or power. Patricia Mallrath, retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm. She replied, "My father, a lawyer, long ago told me, I never made a penny until I stopped working for money."
                  If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can do it as a hobby. Elizabeth Layton of Wellsville, Kan, was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended her depression that had troubled her for at least 30 years, and the quality of her work led one critic to say, "I am persuaded to call Layton a genius."
                  We can't afford to waste tears on "might-have-beens". We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after "what-can-be." We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses—finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a backyard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, and the beauty of a rainbow.
              难度：中等
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            • 3． With the videogame market flooded with more violent games, it can be a constant struggle for parents to monitor and limit their children's video-gaming.
                 But a recent US Supreme Court decision doesn't help parents. The ruling struck down California's 2010 law that had prevented the sale or rental to those younger than 18 of violent games. The majority opinion said such limits went against First Amendment rights. So, parents, it's up to you to fight against the influences of the＄18 billion video-gaming industry.
                 With so many video and computer games easily accessible, that monitoring role isn't easy. It's not just a matter of saying “no” to children, say psychologists. Some parents who shun government involvement in such matters welcomed the ruling, even while hating violent video games.
              “It's a parent's responsibility to teach them what they should watch and use,” said Ruth Forster, 45, Avon, Her daughter, Ellie, 13, doesn't like to play video games now, but Forster monitors her daughter's movies and books. “Parents need to see how children react to a video and how it affects them,” she advised. “There are other video games out there you can help them to choose. Hopefully, if you instilled(灌输)enough good things in them, they'll do the right thing.” Parents need to be aware of the games their children are playing and how long they’re playing, and make sure the games are appropriate for their ages and personalities, she said.
                 It’s not hard to find reviews, ratings(分级) and details about games. Video-game ratings by the Entertainment Software Rating Board, give consumers an idea of the level of violence, sexual content and bad language. Videos with a rating of “M” for mature, for example, are said to be suitable for people 17 and older. But the system is voluntary, so younger children can buy or rent “M”-rated games. But it’s not enough to rely completely on the ratings.   
              难度：中等
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            • 4． In the past two decades, the Chinese economy has undergone many reforms in an effort to compete more effectively on the international market. These reforms included allowing foreign banks to offer credit cards to Chinese citizens. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri(MU) have found about 30% of Chinese urban households now own at least one credit card and the growth rate of credit adoption has been an average of 40% per year between 2004 and 2009.
                  Rui Yao, an assistant professor of personal financial planning at MU, says that this large growth in such a small amount of time has positive and negative implications for the Chinese economy.
                  "With more and more people taking advantage of credit cards in China, it certainly increases potential consumer buying power," Yao said. "However, we found that more than 90% of credit card users were unaware of safety issues existing in credit card use and more than 60% had little knowledge of the consequences of credit card debt. This lack of knowledge could create problems as credit card ownership is expected to grow at a rate of 11% a year."
                  Yao found that while 72% of Chinese credit card holders were never late on their payment, only 55% were able to pay the full balance. She also found that 70% of Chinese credit card holders said that credit cards contributed to overspending.
                  Yao believe that Chinese could benefit from financial education designed to help them plan for their financial future and encouraging the Chinese to take advantage of debt in a responsible fashion is important for the Chinese economy. "Appropriate use of debt can help households improve their quality of life as well as spur economic growth through an increase in market purchases," Yao said.
              难度：中等
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            • 5． Thereˈs always been tension (矛盾)—throughout our history—a kind of tension between private development and government control, especially when it comes to the development of land for agriculture.
                        Catherine Parr Traill—an expert in the nineteenth century—said that the natural beauty of Canadaˈs wilderness would disappear  because of agricultural development. But, fortunately for us, what  Catherine Parr Traill had said turned out to be not entirely true.The Quinte Wildflower Project proves that people can come together to keep the beauty of the wilderness.  The project continues a trend to beautify North American highways that goes all the way back to the 1960s and the beginning of the Adopt­a­Highway programs, the programs that use volunteers to clean up the litter along roadsides. Since the sixties, beautification programs have been broadened to include the planting of native flowers and shrubs (灌木)．
                       The Quinte Wildflower Project is the largest roadside planting of wildflowers in Ontario. The project was born in 1996, with the help of private sponsors and government gardening experts. Areas along an 18­kilometer stretch of Highway 401—from Trenton to Belleville—most of the sites were planted with one or two native wildflower seed mixture. Both seed mixtures produce flowers that require little care and are hardy enough to grow in roadside conditions. Each seed mixture contains several different species, and wildflowers grow well, so thereˈs a steady show of colors from June to October.
                       The Quinte Wildflower Project has been a huge success. Its greatest success has been in attracting both public interest and private sponsors. It shows that government and citizens can work together and that their joint efforts can and do work.

              难度：中等
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