知识点挑题 - 高中英语 - 优优班--学霸训练营

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1．

Suppose you're in a rush，felling tired，not paying attention to your screen，and you send an email that could get you in trouble．
Realisation will probably set in seconds after you've clicked"send"．You freeze in horrors and burn with shame．
What to do？Here are four common email accidents，and how to recover．
Clicking"send"too soon
Don't waste your time trying to find out if the receivers has read it yet．Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored．
Writing the wrong time
The sooner you notice，the better．Respond quickly and briefly，apologizing for your mistake．Keep the tone measured：don't handle it too lightly，as people can be offended，especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture（i．e．incorrect ordering of Chinese names）．
Clicking"reply all"unintentionally
You accidentally reveal（透露）to entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner，or what holiday you'd like to take．In this instance，the best solution is to send a quick，light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness．But it can quickly rise to something worse，when everyone starts hitting"reply all"to join in a long and unpleasant conversation．In this instance，step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down．
Sending an offensive message to it's subject
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger．You write an unkind message about someone，intending to send it to a friend，but accidentally send it to the person you're discussing．In that case，ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry．Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly-see it as an opportunity tic hear up any difficulties you may have with this person．

(1) After realizing an email accident，you are likely to feel ______ ．

A. curious

B. tired

C. awful

D. funny

(2) If you have written the wrong name in an email，it is best to ______ ．

A. apologise in a serious manner

B. tell the receiver to ignore the error

C. learn to write the name correctly

D. send a short notice to everyone

(3) What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your"reply all"email？ ______

A. Try offering other choices．

B. Avoid further involvement．

C. Meet other staff members．

D. Make a light-hearted apology．

(4) How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email？ ______

A. By promising not to offend the receiver again．

B. By seeking support from the receiver's friends．

C. By asking the receiver to control his anger．

D. By talking to the receiver face to face．

(5) What is the passage mainly about？ ______

A. Defining email errors．

B. Reducing email mistakes．

C. Handling email accidents．

D. Improving email writing．

难度：难

解析收藏试题篮

2．

I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting．But where are we doing all of this waiting，and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours？To understand the issue，let's take a look at three types of"waits"．
The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait．It is without doubt the most annoying of all．Take filling up the kitchen sink（洗碗池） as an example．There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full．During these waits，the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks．This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless．
A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait．This one requires a bit of discipline．Properly preparing packaged noodle soup required a Forced Wait．Directions are very specific．"Bring three cups of water to boil，add mix，simmer three minutes，remove from heat，let stand five minutes．"I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly．After all，Forced Waiting requires patience．
Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait．This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary．Unlike the Forced Wait，which is also voluntary，waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen．
Turning one's life into a waiting game requires faith and hope，and is strictly for the optimists among us．On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes，but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it．As long as one doesn't come to rely on it，wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody．
We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting．The next time you're standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you'll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky，don't be desperate．You're probably just as busy as the next guy．

(1) While doing a Watched-Pot Wait，we tend to ______ ．

A. keep ourselves busy	B. get absent-minded
C. grow anxious	D. stay focused

(2) What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait？ ______

A. The Forced Wait requires some self-control．

B. The Forced Wait makes people passive．

C. The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions．

D. The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain．

(3) What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait？ ______

A. It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait．

B. It doesn't always bring the desired result．

C. It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait．

D. It doesn't give people faith and hope．

(4) What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting？ ______

A. Take it seriously．	B. Don't rely on others．
C. Do something else．	D. Don't lose heart．

(5) The author supports his view by ______ ．

A. exploring various causes of"waits"．

B. describing detailed processes of"waits"．

C. analyzing different categories of"waits"

D. revealing frustrating consequences of"waits"

难度：难

解析收藏试题篮

3．
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport．（1） ______ But with these tips，your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy．
●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story，think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it．For example，if your topic is about environmental problems in America，you might ask，"Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？"（2） ______
●Hit the streets with confidence．（3） ______ Say，"Excuse me，I work for XYZ News，and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic．"This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you．
●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera．Don't get discouraged．
●（4） {C}{C}{C} ______ {C}{C}{C} Each interview that you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes．As soon as you get the answer you need，move on to the next person．Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers．If everyone is giving you the same answer，you won't be able to use it．A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten．（5） {C}{C}{C} ______ {C}{C}{C}
●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air，don't leave work without them．

A．Limit your time．
B．As you approach people，be polite．
C．If you don't own a camera，you can buy one．
D．For new reporters，this can seem like a challenging task．
E．To get good and useful results，ask them the same question．
F．That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need．
G．With a question like this，you will get more than a"Yes"or"No"reply．

(1) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

(2) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

(3) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

(4) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

(5) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

难度：难

解析收藏试题篮

4．

A new commodity brings about a highly profitable,fast-growing industry,urgingantitrust（反垄断）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago ,the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants（巨头）that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google,Amazon, Facebook andMicrosoft. All look unstoppable.

But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users totarget advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can beturned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power.So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.

This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.

The first is thatantitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并),for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms'data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals.The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buyinga new-borm threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born companyhas no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.

The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form it.Govemments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data,with users' consent.

Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments don't wants a data oconomy by a few giants,they must act soon.

Google initially used the data collected from users totarget advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can beturned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold toother companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power.So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.

The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21stcentury. When considering a merger(兼并),for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms'data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals.The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-borm threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.

Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments don't wants a data oconomy by a few giants,they must act soon.

Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime,The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data).And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves,too.
But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the natureof data and competition.Google initially used the data collected from users totarget advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can beturned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold toother companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power.So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.

The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21stcentury. When considering a merger(兼并),for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms'data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals.The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-borm threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.

Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments don't wants a data oconomy by a few giants,they must act soon.

(1) Why is there a call to break up giants?

A. They have controlled the data market

B. They collect enormous private data

C. They no longer provide free services

D. They dismissed some new-born giants

(2) What does the technological innovation inParagraph 3 indicate?

A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive

B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms

C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position

D. Data can be turned into new services or products

(3) By paying attention to firms’ data assets,antitrust regulators could .

A. kill a new threat	B. avoid the size trap
C. favour bigger firms	D. charge higher prices

(4) What is the purpose of loosening the giants’control of data?

A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.

B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.

C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.

D. Small companies could get more opportunities.

难度：难

解析收藏试题篮

5．

Old Problem，New Approaches

While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life，global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.

When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why,in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that:”there is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.

Around the world,people are adapting in surprising ways，especially in some poor countries，Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boatsthat server as floating libraries，scbools，and health clinics，and are equipment with solar panels and other communication facilities. Rezwan is creating floatingconnecticity（连体） to replace flooded roadsand highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level：his staff people how to make floating gardens fish ponds prevent atarcation during the wet season.

Aroundthe world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poorcountries, Fllods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.Mobammed Rezwan saw opportunily where others saw only disaster. Hisnot-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floatinglibraries, schoods, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels andother communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating conmetivity（连接） to replace flooded roadsand highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staffshow people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvationduring the wet season.

Elsewherein Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Nophel lives in a mountaionous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss ofglaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers,water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’sinspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was notneeded. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timedirrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves. Nophel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water. Climate change is acontinuing process, so Norhel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.

Increasing Earth’sreflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase ofgreenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trendlocally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating upquickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example shouldact as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities mayslow down the warming process.

In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear, But the World Bank has included the project on its of ‘100 ideas tosave the planet”.

More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping.But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense, But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case forbusiness as usual.

Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adaptour energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.Old Problem，New Approaches

(1) The underlined partin Paragraph 2 implies

A. adaptation is an ever-changing process

B. the cost of adaptation varies with time

C. global warming affects adaptation forms

D. adaptation to climate changeis challenging

(2) What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?

A. The project receives government support.

B. Different organizations work with each other.

C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation.

D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.

(3) What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?

A. Storing ice for future use.

B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.

C. Changing the irrigation time.

D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.

(4) What do we learn from the Peru example?

A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.

B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped.

C. This country is heating up too quickly.

D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.

(5) According to the author, polluting industries should

A. adapt to carbon pollution

B. plant highly profitable crops

C. leave carbon emission alone

D. fight against carbon pollution

(6) What’s the author’spreferred solution to global warming?

A. setting up a new standard.

B. Readucing carbon emission.

C. Adapting to climate change.

D. Monitoring polluting industries.

难度：难

解析收藏试题篮

6．

Lainey finished third grade．She had good grades and could read (1) grade level，but she did not like to read．On a family car trip，her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter，as a surprise for her (2)．But Lainey took one look at it， (3) her eyes，and said，“Boring!”

Aunt Dede，a teacher，had read the book to her students，and they loved it．(4) the youngest children in the class were (5) by the story．They (6) with great interest and then (7) joined in grand conversations about Harry′s adventures．

“How can you say it′s (8)？Have you read it？”asked Aunt Dede．

“No，it′s too long and it doesn′t have any (9)．”complained Lainey．

“Oh，that′s where you are (10)；there are lots of pictures．Every page is full of pictures； you just have to read the words to (11) them．It′s like magic．”

“Nice try，Aunt Dede，”Lainey replied (12) from the back seat．

Another (13) was in order．“Well，if you don’t want to read it，give it (14)．Maybe your mom would (15) hearing the story．”The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud．By the end of the first chapter，(16) were coming from the back seat：“Please read a little (17)．”

Lainey is an example of an (18) reader．As shown here，Lainey can become (19) about reading when (20) with literature on topics that interest her，and when the people around her model involvement in the reading process．

(1) A. within         B. on         C. to         D. above

(2) A. daughter       B. niece      C. student    D. friend

(3) A. opened          B. dried      C. rolled     D. shaded

(4) A. Even           B. Still      C. Just       D. Yet

(5) A. surprised     B. annoyed    C. puzzled    D. attracted

(6) A. read           B. told       C. listened   D. wrote

(7) A. suspected B. anxiously

C. calmly     D. enthusiastically

(8) A. amazing        B. boring

C. ridiculous D. conversations

(9) A. pictures         B. stories

C. adventures D. conversations

(10) A. crazy          B. foolish    C. wrong      D. different

(11) A. see            B. match      C. show       D. recognize

(12) A. sourly         B. patiently C. eagerly    D. shyly

(13) A. idea           B. try        C. belief     D. behavior

(14) A. away           B. out        C. in         D. back

(15) A. enjoy          B. admit      C. mind       D. finish

(16) A. decisions      B. requests   C. comments   D. promises

(17) A. more clearly   B. longer

C. louder     D. more carefully

(18) A. Unpleasant     B. Innocent

C. unwilling D. independent

(19) A. astonished     B. worried    C. confused   D. excited

(20) A. Presented      B. concerned C. disturbed D. replaced

难度：难

解析收藏试题篮

7．

Chimps（黑猩猩） will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory．But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct （本能） to help one another．Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves．Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children．Who are able from a young age to gather their own food．

In the laboratory，chimps don’t naturally share food either．If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no great effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage，he will pull at random﹣he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not．Chimps are truly selfish．

Human children，on the other hand are extremely corporative．From the earliest ages，they decide to help others，to share information and to participate a achieving common goals．The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children．He finds that if babies aged 18months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help．

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught．but naturally possessed in young children．One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially．Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are remanded．A third reason is that social intelligence．Develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills，at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello，the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests，but were considerably better at understanding the social world

The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t in what Tomasello calls what．Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking．But that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose．They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal．

(1) what can we learn from the experiment with chimps？

A. Chimps seldom care about others’ interests.

B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.

C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food.

D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.

(2) Micheal Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they 　　．

A. have the instinct to help others.

B. know how to offer help to adults.

C. know the world better than chimps.

D. trust adults with their hands full.

(3) The passage is mainly about 　　．

A. the helping behaviors of young children.

B. ways to train children’s shared intentionality.

C. cooperation as a distinctive human nature.

D. the development of intelligence in children.

难度：难

解析收藏试题篮

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(7) A. suspected	B. anxiously
C. calmly	D. enthusiastically

(8) A. amazing	B. boring
C. ridiculous	D. conversations

(9) A. pictures	B. stories
C. adventures	D. conversations