The most common use of intelligence test scores is to predict degree of academic success. Such scores are used in some communities as bases for admitting able children to schools at ages younger than normal, and they are very generally used to determine admissions to schools beyond public secondary school. Another use common in elementary schools involves comparing such scores with performances in various subjects to identify children who are working below capacity.

The greatest problem in using intelligence tests for the purpose of prediction is that no dependable criterion of their accuracy exists. The ideal criteria would be objective and reliable achievement tests following instructions in each subject, but there are few such tests, especially at the college level. Studies have shown that correlations(相关性)between intelligence tests and achievement tests in various subjects through secondary school range roughly from 0.5 to 0.8.Such correlations are fairly high, but they do not suggest anywhere near complete agreement.

At the college level there are two major tests used as criteria of admission. By far the more important is the College Entrance Examination, constructed by the Educational Testing Service authorized by the College Entrance Examination Board. These tests arc returned to the Educational Testing Service for scoring, and the results are then made available to the various colleges authorized by the students to receive them. The second test of this type is the American College Test, which operates in essentially the same fashion.

Both tests constitute(组成)measures of certain skills, abilities, and knowledge that have been found to be related to success in college. Their correlations with academic success are limited for three outstanding reasons. First, measures of achievement in college arc themselves perhaps no more reliable than those in elementary and secondary schools. Second, intellectual factors do not alone determine academic success, especially at the college level. Many students drop out of schools because they are inadequately motivated or because they dislike the instructional programme. Third, correlations are lowered because the use of such tests for denying admission to some students means that the range of scores for those admitted is restricted, and such restrictions tend to reduce correlations.

     The World Health Organization(WHO) says there has been a sharp increase in the number of children in developing countries who weigh too much. In African countries, the WHO says the number of overweight or obese children is two times as high as it was 20 years ago.

     Around the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2011. Doctors use height, weight and age to measure whether a person is underweight, normal, or obese.                             

     Overweight children are more likely to become overweight or obese adults. The condition can lead to serious health problems like diabetes, heart disease and stroke.

     Francesco Branca, director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, says people are eating manufactured or processed food more often, which often has a high sugar. fat and salt content.  Another reason of gaining weight is the city lifestyle.  They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot, and have less physical activities in general.

    Mr Branca says reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. He says the goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries.

  The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals（个人）: to lower your in-take of fat ,sugar, salt and processed food, eat more fruit and vegetables, and increase physical activity .These actions are especially important for children and governments should concern providing vitamin for children .

    Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries. Educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. Food manufactures must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt.

    The current goal of the WHO's World Health Assembly is to prevent an increase in the percentage of overweight children during the next twelve years.

 _________________________________________________________

   (No more than 2 words)

 _________________________________________________________

 _________________________________________________________

 _________________________________________________________

 _________________________________________________________

During my stay in Africa, I went to a local supermarket and there was a young boy in one of the passages. He was around ten years old and in clothes __  (1)  didn’t fit him well. He had no shoes on and stood there   (2)  (stare) at the candy section. I walked down the next passage and back to where he was standing. There  (3)  (seem) to be nobody with him. He pulled my sleeve

  (4)   (attract) my attention and said, “Excuse me. Do you know what I can buy  (5)   this?” He held out __  (6)   20-cent piece. I knew he couldn’t really buy anything much. However, even though the boy looked so sad, he also looked   (7)  (hope). So, I said, “Hold out your hand and let’s see what happens.” He held out his hand and then I put enough money in   (8)  for him to buy the candy. I smiled at him and walked off. All I could hear was him saying ,“Thank you, lady! I’m so happy!”I didn’t know   (9)  he bought and I didn’t care. The  (10)  (excite) in his voice made my day!