In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _ (1) __(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and __ (2) _ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, __ (3) ___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over__ (4) __ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines __ (5) _(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been__ (6) _(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using__ (7) _ every day.
Later, engineers ____ (8) __(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _ (9) __ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most __ (10) __(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.