请阅读下面文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1. 用约30个词概括上述利用排名（ratings）进行消费的现象；

2. 谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。

【写作要求】

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students must  (1)  sixty hours of service learning,   (2)  they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community.   (3)   of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.   (4)  a service experience, students must keep a journal and then write a   (5)   about what they have learned.

Supporters claim that there are many   (6)   of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think   (7)   their own interests and become   (8)   of the needs of others. Students are also able to learn real-life skills that   (9)   responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team.  (10)  , students can explore possible careers   (11)   service learning.For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.

First, they   (14)   that the main reason why students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.

Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend   (15)   time studying the core subjects.

Second, they believe that forcing students to work without  (16)   goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an individual’s freedom to choose.

In my view, service learning is a great way to   (17)   to the community, learn new skills, and explore different careers.   (18)  , I don’t believe you should force people to help others – the   (19)   to help must come from the heart. I think the best  (20)  is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility, and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.

I love listening to music and there’s never been a better time to be a music fan. With so many ways to get music, we can listen to it any way we want, wherever we want. Although some fans still like to use CD players, the most popular way to listen to music nowadays is by either downloading (下载) or streaming (在线试听).

As Internet connections got better, more MP3s were downloaded and shared. But the sound quality of these MP3s is not so good when compared to tapes or CDs. However, new generations (代) of music fans have grown used to this cheapened sound quality and don’t mind.

Streaming technology has made it even easier to listen to your favorite music. For a monthly price of about $10 (there are also free services with advertisements), users can listen to an endless amount of music from smartphones, computers and television sets.

Unfortunately, streaming is not without its downsides. Because all of the music is provided online, a strong Internet connection is necessary. And although it may seem like the Internet is available everywhere, there may be situations where you don’t get connected. Agreements with music companies and artists also need to be reached before streaming services are allowed to host their music.

Whether you choose to download or stream music, the artist does not make much money. The low payment from downloading and streaming music has also led to the continuing increase in concert ticket prices. And we can only expect these prices to increase greatly in the future.

Much as I would like to have all my music for free, I realize that it will kill the industry I’ve enjoyed for most of my life. I can’t say for certain which is better — downloading or streaming — but I do know how I can do my little part to help musicians continue making great music. Rather than focus on (关注) one or the other, I’m going to continue doing what I’ve been doing since I first discovered music: listen to it any way I can.

请阅读下列材料，并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

材料1：各国对迟到时间容忍度的情况调查（时间单位：分钟）

材料2：

There are few habits as annoying as someone making us wait. However, some punctually- challenged people have no intention of offending anyone. They still want to keep friends, family and bosses happy. They are often painfully aware and ashamed of the damage their lateness could do to their relationships, reputations, careers and finances.

Johnson, a doctor in New York, says his reputation for being unpunctual can sometimes be caused by a misunderstanding of opinion. “A friend will ask me to come over, and he’ll say ‘come anytime from seven.’ But if I do turn up at eight or later, he will be annoyed.”

Joanna, a teacher in London, for whom the most distressing (令人苦恼的) thing is writing school reports, never makes the deadline for herself. “I always spend weeks carefully considering everything about the reports,” she says, “just for fear that any error arises.”

【写作内容】

1. 用约30个单词为以上材料撰写概要。   

2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：

(1) 迟到带来的不良影响（至少两点）。

(2) 给Johnson和Joanna提出你的建议，至少两条。

When you hear the word “recycling”. what comes to your mind? The color green or global warming?

What if I were to tell you there is a dark side of recycling? A type of recycling that does more than good. The dark side of recycling has nothing to do with the environment but rather has a lot to do with the recycling of ideas.

Environmental unrest is not the only trouble we must face. Idea pollution is quickly becoming widespread across the online world.

Think about it. When was the last time you read an original blog post? I’m guessing it has been quite a while. Why do you think top bloggers of today win so much respect? Do you think they recycle their ideas? With each recycled idea the online world becomes much more polluted. Used content contributes to the ever increasing mass of digital smog.

The first step to reduce pollution is simple: stop recycling. When you stop recycling, you will then be forced to take up the task of creating from your own ideas. When you recycle an excellent idea, it soon becomes good. When you recycle a good idea, it soon becomes just OK. The chain continues until the key part of what used to make the idea good is saturated, leaving you nothing but a pile of mess.

In order not to pollute, your ideas must go beyond “just recycled’’. Your ideas must stand out from the pollution of the web. For your voice and talent to be heard and seen, you must go far beyond the standard copy of your neighbours’ ideas.

For the next week, make a promise not to recycle. Let your ideas flourish and flow. Believe in your ability to create, because the death of recycling starts with YOU.

We are enrolled in the full-time school called “life”. Every day in this school, we have opportunities to learn new lessons. No matter whether we like these lessons or not, we have to take them, because they are our lessons.

Why are we here in this world? What is the purpose of life? Humans have tried to discover the meaning of life for thousands of years, but failed to get the answer, because the meaning of life is different from person to person.

Each one of us has his or her special purpose and path, unique and different. As we travel on our life path, we will learn many great lessons in order to fulfill that purpose. Learning our lessons well is the key to discovering the real meaning of our own life.

As we travel through our lifetime, we may be taught hard lessons that others don’t have to face, while others spend years struggling with problems we don’t need to deal with. We may never know why we love English, not physics, which indicates that our path is different. While traveling on our own path, sometimes alone, we should, first of all, take a basic lesson in openness.

Openness means being receptive. Life will present us with so many lessons, none of which are useful to us unless we can recognize them and are open to their values. These lessons are not easy to learn, but we should regard them as gifts. But how can we recognize these lessons? It is a matter of what “glasses” we are wearing at the time. It is not difficult to spot them if we take them as opportunities. So when we are not open to learning our lessons, failing a weekly English test might be like a disaster rather than an opportunity to us. Of course, the hard lessons may not be fun, but they can actually be the biggest gifts we receive from life.

  Younger students experience school bullying (欺凌) more frequently than older ones, and male students are bullied more than their female peers, a survey found.

    It also found that nearly half of students had been intentionally hit or knocked down by classmates. About 6 percent said they are targeted by bullies on campus every day. The survey also found that students from ordinary schools experienced more bullying than peers from key institutions, and children from poor families are more likely to be bullied at school.

    Being bullied can have a negative impact on a child’s personal development and academic performance, according to Zhou Jinyan, a researcher who led the study at Beijing Normal University. “Children being bullied will find it hard to trust others,” Zhou said. “They may often feel anxiety, anger, resentment or depression. These emotions will further undermine their ability to control their own life.”

   In recent years, bullying on Chinese campuses has been frequently reported and has attracted widespread attention and concern. The most recent incident to arouse heated discussions took place in December at Beijing’s Zhongguancun No.2 Primary School. A fourth-grade student was bullied and laughed at by classmates, causing him acute stress disorder.

   The Supreme People’s Procuratorate (最高人民检察院) received about 1,900 cases related to school bullying in 2016. Meanwhile, there was a notable increase in bullying reports involving middle school students from 14 to 18 years old.

   Zhou came up with some ways to solve the problem, including boosting communication between teachers, parents and students and trying to establish more harmonious relationships among children. She said it was strongly suggested that parents try to be involved in their children’s educational experience, as their presence and companionship have proved effective in reducing bullying and its negative effects.

Recently, while reading John Sayles’s A Moment in the Sun and still not knowing what it was about, Michelle Ginder made a conscious decision to put down the book. She moved on to something more appealing, readingthe Game of Thrones’ series. “It felt sogood,” she says. “There was so much guilt associated with quitting, but when I finally did it, it was liberating.”

In the age of the e-reader,dropping a book has never been easier: It doesn’t even require getting up tograb another off the shelf. But choosing to end a relationship with a book remains strangely anxious, a decision filled with guilt.

“It goes against how we’re built,” says Matthew Wilhelm, a clinical psychologist in Union City, Calif. “There is a tendency for us to view objects as ‘finished’ or ‘whole’ even though they may not be. This motivation is very powerful and helps to explain anxiety around unfinished activities.”

Readers aged 16 and older average 17 books a year, according to Pew Research Center data. Ms. Ginder used to read an average amount. But using her new approach to reading, she reads up to 31 books a year. She has about 10 books ready to begin on her shelf or Kindle at any time. When she drops one, she simply pulls up another in seconds.

Kindle readers abandon books frequently, according to Ms. Ginder and other readers. Sara Nelson, an editorial director of books and Kindle at Amazon.com, says she believes that e-readers haven’t been given so much license to stop, but the ability to dip in and out of books, depending on their mood.

Ms. Haber at the Oprah magazine says, “If you come to a book at the wrong time, it won’t connect.” She started and stopped Jonathan Franzen’s The Corrections a few times before getting completely absorbed in it, and owes her ability to finally finish the novel to trying it while on vacation. Reading it outside her regular life, she says, gave the book a new meaning.

每个人在生活中都会遇到挫折和困难，战胜困难和挫折需要信心。请就高中生如何解决学习中遇到的困难，请按照以下提示写篇短文。

1）接受学习中会遇到一系列困难的现实。

2）面对困难要有克服的信心。

3）面对困难学会通过阅读、网上冲浪等方式转移自己的注意力。

4）面对困难可以向他人寻求帮助以求学习上的进步。

注意： a)字数100左右。（文章标题不计入总字数）

       b) 文本中不要出现与个人的相关信息。

       c)书写要规范，卷面要整洁。

“Soul Surfer” is based on the true story of Bethany Hamilton, a champion surfer who in her early teens was attacked by a shark and lost almost all of her left arm. One month later, she was back on a surfboard, has since won several championships and is at age 21 a professional surfer.

       My problem with “Soul Surfer” is that it makes it look too simple. Bethany has a loving family of professional surfers and a big, friendly dog. She lives in walking distance of the beach. She gets great support from her coaches. She is an optimist with a fierce competitive spirit.

       But there had to be more to it than that. I admire her faith, spirit and determination. I realize she is a great athlete. But I feel something is missing. There had to be dark nights of the soul. Times of sadness, anger and hopelessness. Can a 13-year-old girl lose an arm and keep right on smiling?

       Let’s now look at the film’s portrait (刻画) of her recovery. There’s a scene where Bethany is fitted with a prosthetic arm (义肢) and refuses to wear it. Great progress is being made in the field of prosthetics. But the arm that she’s offered looks no more useful than the arm that she pulls off her Barbie doll the same night (in one of the movie’s rare moments of depression).

       Although I can understand a good prosthetic arm might not help her balance on a surfboard, I believe one might be of use in other situations. Maybe I’m mistaken.

       “Soul Surfer” attempts to be inspirational. Whether it will cheer viewers who are not as excellent as Bethany is an excellent question. Anna Sophia Robb is a cheerful heroine. Dennis Quaid and Helen Hunt, as Bethany’s parents, are supportive, although the script (剧本) indeed leaves them with no other choice.