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            • 1.

                   It’s cold and dark outside,and your bed is so warm and comfortable. Going for a run seems like such a bad idea. But before you hide your running shoes,it might be worth giving that crazy idea a go.

                According to The Huffington Post,an outdoor run in winter, as opposed to one on a treadmill(跑步机),bums more calories because the body is working hard to regulate(调节)its core temperature. Furthermore, research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperatures-and quicker runs burn more calories. Similarly,cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body,making that vital muscle even stronger.

              Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day. The heat and humidity in the summer can drag you down and tire you faster, but cold weather is refreshing. It adjusts you to your surroundings,making you feel alive.

              Of course,the threat of smog in some built-up areas is a further hurdle to winter exercise. Heart attacks stroke, lung cancer and asthma are all dangers of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems. If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days, take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust(尾气) and go early in the morning,before rush hour. But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.


              (1) How does cold weather benefit runners compared with warm weather?
              A. They can run more slowly.                      
              B. They can take in more calories.
              C. Their hearts can function harder.                     
              D. Their body temperature can get lower.
              (2) How does summer affect runners?
              A. It builds up their energy quickly.              
              B. It makes runners tired easily.
              C. It lessens runners' stress.                    
              D. It causes heart attack.
              (3) What are the runners supposed to do on smoggy days?
              A. Stop driving cars.                        
              B. Do more exercise.
              C. Avoid outdoor exercise.                         
              D. Run late in the morning.
              (4) What can be the best title of the text?
              A. Refresh with a Winter Run                 
              B. Take Outdoor Exercise in Summer
              C. Go to Run in a Park                       
              D. Follow the Tips to Reduce Stress
            • 2.

                When Chad Pregracke was a teenager in East Moline, Illinois, he and his father lived and worked on the Mississippi River — or rather, in it. Every day they dove into the river to   (1)  freshwater mussels (贻贝), which they sold to Japanese customers. The river was their   (2)  , but Chad came to realize that it was also dirty. While

              searching for mussels on the river bottom, Chad could not  (3)   much because the water was too muddy. When Chad Pregracke was in college, he decided that he had to   (4)  the river. And thatˈs what he has done.

                  In the summer of 1997, Chad   (5)   the Mississippi River Beautification & Restoration Project. Using a 20-foot motorboat and working   (6)   by himself, Chad cleaned up 100 miles of shoreline in Illinois and Iowa. By summerˈs end, he had   (7)   and recycled 45,000 pounds of trash! As people learned about Chadˈs   (8)   , they began to offer help. Towns and companies along the river   (9)   equipment, and communities (社区)   (10)  cleanup days.

                  In 1998, the project   (11)   . Chad fixed up two boats, and he   (12)   a crew. During the summer months, Chad and his crew cleaned up 900 miles of Mississippi   (13)  from St. Louis, Missouri, to Guttenberg, Iowa. They collected 400,000 pounds of trash —   (14)   from old refrigerators to plastic legs!

                  In the next year, Chadˈs group   (15)  the cleanup of more than 1,000 miles of the Mississippi River. They also   (16)  an“Adopt a Mississippi River Mile”program. In this program, companies and groups took   (17)   for keeping parts of the river clean. After that, Chad   (18)  the Illinois River.

                  Today, Chad Pregrackeˈs project has many sponsors and an annual budget of $200,000. Chad also has   (19)   plans. He will move eastward   (20)   he has done what he can for the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. He wants to clean up the Ohio River next, and then perhaps the Hudson.

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