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            • 1.
              阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)。

                [1]Hello.It's one of the first words we learn as babies,yet it's one of the last ones we think to use as adults.That's unfortunate,because saying hello is more than just saying hello—it is recognition of another's worth.How might the world change—how might we change—if we mastered this word?To find out,I spent one month saying hello to every person I met.Here's what I've learned.

                [2]It can boost (促进) productivity.In one of the few studies ever done on this subject,Allan Allday,an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University,had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning.This exchange of greetings raised the kids' productivity.School went from impersonal to personal,and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.

                [3]Environments influence friendliness,One study found that people in the city were less likely to shake hands with a stranger than those in the countryside.And,researchers say.pleasant environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones.My experience was similar. Whatever_ the_ reason,_my_ urban_ hellos_ were_ answered_ far_ less_ often_ than_ my_ rural_ ones.Similarly,people in vacation spots,like the Jersey Shore,were far friendlier than those hurrying to work downtown.

                [4]It's a form of universal health insurance.It's impossible to say hello without smiling.And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure,relieve stress and boost happiness.Apparently,a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient (接受者).

                [5]So maybe we can make the world a better place by______.After a month of doing it,I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well­being.
              (1) What does the author say about the adults according to Paragraph 1?(within 8 words)

              ________________________________________________________________________
              (2) Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?

              Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests.

              ________________________________________________________________________
              (3) Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words.(within 5 words)

              ________________________________________________________________________
              (4) List three effects of smiling on health according to the text.(within 8 words)

              ①______ ②______ ③______
              (5) Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.

              ________________________________________________________________________
            • 2.
              Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart(购物手推车). They will,in a lifetime,push the chrome­plated_ contraptions many miles.But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.

                Sylvan N.Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937.At that time he was in the supermarket business.Every day he would see shoppers lugging(吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

                One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels.The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers,and would help to attract more business.

                On June 4,1937,Goldman's first carts were ready for use in his market.He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving.He couldn't wait to see them using his invention.

                But Goldman was disappointed.Most shoppers gave the carts a long look,but hardly anybody would give them a try.

                After a while,Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren't using his carts.“Don't you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.

                But Goldman wasn't beaten yet.He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try.To this end,Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping!Seeing this,the real customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的) customers.

                As Goldman had hoped,the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market.But not only did more people come—those who came bought more.With larger,easier­to­handle baskets,customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

                Today's shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman's original model.Perhaps that's one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.
              (1) The underlined words “chrome­plated contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.

              (No more than 3 words)
              (2) What was the purpose of Goldman's invention?(No more than 10 words)
              (3) Why was Goldman disappointed at first?(No more than 10 words)
              (4) Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market?(No more than 10 words)
              (5) What do you think of Goldman?Please give your reasons.(No more than 20 words)
            • 3.

              Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here’s how:

               (1) Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.

               (2) Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.

               (3) Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.

               (4) Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material in advance. This will help you understand the next class. If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.

               (5) Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be overly worried.

              There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.

              How to become a better student

              General method

              How to

              Advantage

              Plan your time carefully

              Make a list

              Force you to realize(76) ____ is happening to your time

              Make a (71) ______

              Find a good place to study

              Free of everything but study (72) ______

              You can (77) ______on the subject

              Make good use of your time in class

              Listen to everything the teachers say

              Really listening in class means (78) ______ work later

                  Taking (73) ______

              Study regularly

              Go over your notes

                  Help you (79) _____it better , remember it longer

              (74) ______ new material

              Develop a good attitude about tests

              Don’t be (75) ______ worried

              Remember your new

              (80) ______

            • 4.

              Students should join in variousschool-related activities. These activities caninclude activities during normal school hours andafter-school activities. These activities should beavailable to every student, and it is suggested thatevery student should join in at least one of them.

              One of the primary reasons school activitiesare important is that they give students theexercise they might not get at home. Of course,this type of activity is usually done after school.The most popular activities of this kind include

              major sports such as football, basketball, baseball,tennis, and soccer. After-school programs such asthe Boys and Girls Club are ideal in a schooldistrict as they are the easiest way for students toget exercise.

              Activities during and after school also helpstudents make a good impression on colleges ifthey plan to enter higher education. Colleges lookfor students who do not just go to school and gohome after school. Instead, they look for studentswho have good grades while joining inextracurricular(课外的) activities. Theseactivitiesrange(涉及) from joining in clubs andsports to volunteering and having a part-time job.If a college sees youmaintain(保持) good gradeswhile joining in these activities, it will beimpressed.

              School activities also allow students to becreative when they otherwise would not have thechance. Activities such as gifted and talentedprograms that allow gifted students to join inactivities they otherwise would never experiencein the classroom are a great way to make studentscreative. Additionally, joining in clubs such asdrama andchorus(合唱团) also allows studentsto gain knowledge and be creative.

              Students can also see their interest grow byjoining in other activities. These activities couldconsist of anything, such as the Future BusinessLeaders of America, the school’s debating teamand the chess team. By joining in these activities,students might realize they are interested insomething they never knew they would beinterested in before. For example, if a student hasnever acted before and joins a drama club, he mayfind out he enjoys drama and will develop an

              interest in it. This could lead to bigger things forthe student, such as acting in college and beyond.

              These types of activities work in everyschool and can benefit every school.

               

              The importance of school activities

               

               

              More (71) _____

              ● Some of the most (72) _____ games among students are ball games.

              ● After-school programs such as the Boys and Girls Club in a school districtare the (73) _____ way for students to get the chance to work out.

               

               

                           (74) _____impression

              ● Colleges prefer students who both do well (75)_____ and take an activepart in extracurricular activities.

              ● After-school activities can help students (76) _____ out from the crowd.

               

               

                           Creativity

              ● Activities like gifted and talented programs allow gifted students to gainnew (77) _____ outside the classroom, helping students be creative.

              ● Clubs like drama and chorus allow students to increase knowledge and becreative.

                         Growing interest

              Activities are likely to make students develop an interest (78) _____ tothem before.

                         Conclusion

              These kinds of activities (79) _____ in every school and are (80) _____doing in every school.

            • 5.

               nervous     However       when       different      bravely        find       change      important       chances       smiles 

              In our life, we meet quite a lot of people: some just pass by while others can  (1)  our lives.

              Miss Bella is such a person. Miss Bella taught me two years only.  (2)  , she has taught me a lot in many ways. 

              Every day she began her classes with a smile and a fresh face. She made me realize that warm  (3)  could change a person. I was shy but I wasn’t   (4)  in her classes at all. She gave lessons in a   (5)  way from other teachers. We had many   (6)  to talk about problems in English classes. Miss Bella would thumb up (竖起大拇指) to encourage us   (7)  someone had great ideas. Now, I   (8)  that I have learned much from her classes. Learning to speak out your ideas is so  (9)  in society. She also made me realize that I could be myself by showing opinions  (10)  

            • 6. An Extension of the Human Brain

                 Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺),much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency.To be exact,other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.When another person helps us in such ways,he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “social prosthetic (义肢的)system.”Such systems do not need to operate face﹣to﹣face,and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.It’s already a big bank of many minds.Even in its current state,the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.

              Regarding memory:Once I look up something on the Internet,I don’t need to keep all the details for future use﹣I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.More generally,the Internet functions as if it were my memory.This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet.It’s become natural to check facts as I write,taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed,Wikipedia,or other websites.

              Regarding judgment:The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.For example,when I’m writing a textbook,it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term,which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.But more than that,I now regularly compare my views with those of many others.If I have a “new idea,”I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it,or something similar﹣and I then compare what I think with what others have thought.This certainly makes my own views clearer.Moreover,I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.

              These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone.I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact,watch a video,read weibo.Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).

              But that’s the upside (好处).The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.

               

              An  Extension of the Human Brain

               

              A  prosthetic nature

               

               

               

              ●The (1)  can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.

              ●It(2)  in our daily events extending our intelligence,

              Comprehending our feelings,and expanding the range of social

              Activities.

               

              Wonderful aspects

              Memory and judgment

              ●On the Internet,we could quickly and easily locate the details,and check facts,without(3) them in mind.

              ●The internet makes us smarter over(4) kinds of things.It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the (5) of the matter.

               

              ●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to (6)  our claims,and to (7)  our actions.

               

              The (8)  sides of smartphones

              ●Smartphones make it easier and more (9) to check reality,watch video clips,read weibo.

              ●Smartphones(10) the possibility for new and insightful minds,and steal away our dead time.

            • 7.

              Few Americans stay in one place for a lifetime. We move from the city to the suburbs, from high school to college in a different state, from a job in one area to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live after retirement. With each move we are forever making new friends, who become part of our new life.

              For many of us the summer is a special time for forming new friendships. Today, millions of Americans go on vacation abroad, and we go not only to see new sights but also—in those places where we don’t feel too strange—with the hope of meeting new people. No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend, but the beginning of a friendship is possible. Surely in every country people think highly of friendship.

              The word “friend” to American people can be applied to various relationships—to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close business companion, to a childhood playmate, to a man or a woman, or to a trusted workmate. There are real differences among these relations for Americans—a friendship may be informal, situational or deep and lasting. But to a European, who sees only our surface behaviour, the differences are not clear.

              As Europeans see it, all kinds of “friends” flow in and out of Americans’ homes in a very informal way. They may be parents of the children’s friends, house guests of neighbours, members of a committee, business partners from another town or even another country. Coming as a guest into an American home, the European visitor finds no obvious openness to different styles of relationship makes it possible for us to find new friends abroad with whom we feel at home.

              American(61)_______

              Chance for

              Americans to

              make friends

              Most Americans(62) ________ from place to place

              Many Americans go abroad on vacation for(63) ________ or meeting new people.

              American approaches

              to(64) ________ the

              word “friend”

              American people use “friend” for different(65) ________ .

              Americans know the(66) ________ among relations clearly while Europeans can’t.

              Europeans’(67)_____

              about American

              friendship

              Friends flow in and out of Americans’ homes(68) ________ .

              Being guests in American homes(69) ________ European visitors.

              Due to their(70) ________ characteristics, Americans find new friends all over the world.

            • 8.

              May: Hi, Mike. Long time no see.

              Mike: Hi, May!

              May: Where have you been these days? It’s been quite a long time   (1)  I last saw you in the library.

              Mike: Well, I went to Hong Kong last month and stayed there   (2)  _half a month.

              May: Why did you stay there so long?

              Mike: Er, I went there   (3)  (attend) a meeting to discuss how to make sure of flight   (4)  (safe) between countries.

              May: I called you many times, but I could not get through,   (5)  made me very angry.

              Mike: Oh, I’m sorry. I got my phone number  (6)  (change) when I was in Hong Kong so that I didn’t have to spend so  (7)  on my phone calls.

              May: Did you have a good time there?

              Mike: Yes, a very nice time. I drove around with my friends. I also paid _  (8)  visit to the Hong Kong Disneyland. It was the first time that I   (9)  _(see) the sea. It’s   (10)  (real) a wonderful experience.

            • 9.

              May: Hi, Mike. Long time no see.

              Mike: Hi, May!

              May: Where have you been these days? It’s been quite a long time   (1)  I last saw you in the library.

              Mike: Well, I went to Hong Kong last month and stayed there   (2)  _half a month.

              May: Why did you stay there so long?

              Mike: Er, I went there   (3)  (attend) a meeting to discuss how to make sure of flight   (4)  (safe) between countries.

              May: I called you many times, but I could not get through,   (5)  made me very angry.

              Mike: Oh, I’m sorry. I got my phone number  (6)  (change) when I was in Hong Kong so that I didn’t have to spend so  (7)  on my phone calls.

              May: Did you have a good time there?

              Mike: Yes, a very nice time. I drove around with my friends. I also paid _  (8)  visit to the Hong Kong Disneyland. It was the first time that I   (9)  _(see) the sea. It’s   (10)  (real) a wonderful experience.

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