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1.
One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar.“Brutus was not an honorable man,”he said.“He was a traitor(叛徒).And he murdered someone in cold blood.”The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him.He made a bad decision,they said-at least as it was presented by Shakespeare-to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar.And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind,Caesar was nevertheless his superior.“You have to endeavor,”the executives said,“our policy is to obey the chain of command.”
During the last few years,business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends.None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman,well-known advisers to the White House,who started up a training company called“Movers and Shakespeares”.They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers,and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business.They conduct between 30and 40workshops annually,focusing on half a dozen different plays,mostly for corporations,but also for government agencies.
The workshops all take the same form,focusing on a single play as a kind of case study,and using individual scenes as specific lessons.In Julius Caesar,sly provocation(狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature,the programmes,contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background.Their workshop on Henry V,for example,includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt.But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向):their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power.Instead,they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader.And at the workshop on Caesar,Mr.Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus,saying“the noblest Roman of them all”couldn’t make his mind up about things.
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride,which led to his murder,and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder,they said,raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?
73.According to paragraph 1,what did all the executives think of Brutus?
.
A.Cruel.
B.Superior.
C.Honourable.
D.Rude
74.According to the passage,the Adelmans set up“Movers and Shakespeares”to
.
A.help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better
B.give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays
C.provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops
D.guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.
75.Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?
A.To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.
B.To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.
C.To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.
D.To warn executives against power misuse.
76.It can be inferred from the passage that
.
A.the Adelmans’programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.
B.executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.
C.the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.
D.Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.
77.The best title for the passage is
.
A.Shakespeare’s plays:Executives reconsider corporate culture
B.Shakespeare’s plays:An essential key to business success
C.Shakespeare’s plays:a lesson for business motivation
D.Shakespeare’s plays:Dramatic training brings dramatic results.
难度:较难
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2.
Forty years ago,I was an instructor in the military (军事) school,when young Scoresby was given his first examination.I felt extremely sorry for him.Everybody answered the questions intelligently,while he didn’t know anything.He was a nice,pleasant young man.It was painful to see him stand there giving stupid answers.
I knew when examined again he would be thrown out.So I tested him and worked him like a slave.I made him work over and over again on a few questions which I knew he would be asked.He came through very well on the day of the examination.By some strange,lucky accident,he was asked no questions except those I made him study.
I thought the end that would destroy him would be the mathematics examination.I decided to make his end as painless as possible.So,I pushed facts into his stupid head for hours.Finally,I let him go to the examination to experience what I was sure would be his dismissal (开除) from school.But the result shocked me out of my mind.He took first prize!And he got the highest praise.I felt guilty--what I was doing was not right.But I only wanted to make his dismissal less painful for him.I never dreamed it would lead to such strange,laughable results.
Then,the war broke out.I felt sad for him that there had to be a war.Peace would have given this donkey a chance to escape from being found out so stupid.I waited for the worst to happen.It did.He was appointed a captain!
I thought I was responsible to the country for this.I must go with him and protect the nation against him.So,I joined up with him.And away we went to the field.
And there--oh,it was terrible.Mistakes,fearful mistakes--he never did anything right--nothing but mistakes.But nobody knew how stupid he really was.And what kept me in a continual fear was that every mistake he made increased his glory and fame.
He continued to climb up,over the dead bodies of his superiors (上级).Then,in the hottest moment of one battle down went our colonel (上校).My heart jumped into my mouth,for Scoresby took his place.The battle grew hotter.The English troops were falling back all over the field.Our regiment (团) occupied an extremely important position.One mistake now would bring total disaster.What did Scoresby do?He just mistook his left hand for his right hand.An order came for him to fall back and support our right.Instead,he moved forward and went over the hill to the left.We were over the hill before this mad movement could be discovered and stopped.And what did we find?A large Russian army waiting!And what happened?Were we all killed?That is exactly what would have happened in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred.But no--those surprised Russians thought we must be the whole British army,instead of only one regiment.They turned and escaped.Away they went over the hill and down into the field in wild disorder.We ran after them.In no time,there was the greatest turn-around ever seen.The British turned defeat into a sweeping and shining victory.
The commander looked on,with wonder,surprise and joy.He sent for Scoresby,and hugged him on the field in front of all the armies.Scoresby became famous that day as a great military leader,honored throughout the world.That honor will never disappear while history books last.
Look at his chest,flooded with medals.Each is the record of some great stupidity or other.
55.Why did the storyteller help Scoresby before each examination
?
A.He understood Scoresby’s potential talents.
B.He particularly liked nice,pleasant students.
C.He had some special relations with Scoresby.
D.He thought it his duty to help a difficult student.
56.When Scoresby was appointed a captain,the storyteller felt
.
A.relaxed
B.joyful
C.guilty
D.excited
57.According to the storyteller,Scoresby rose up in the army rank because
.
A.he fought bravely in the field
B.he survived his higher officers
C.he was supported by soldiers
D.he succeeded in many battles
58.In one battle,when English were falling back all over the field,Scoresby
.
A.made a mistake in the direction
B.disobeyed the order on purpose
C.was ordered to start an attack
D.was determined to fight back
59.In the eyes of the world,Scoresby was
.
A.a lucky dog
B.a great military man
C.a powerful leader
D.an international hero
60.The best title for this passage is
.
A.Fool
B.Trick
C.Luck
D.Success.
难度:较难
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3.
Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk,I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment,and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had:Be bold and brave-and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.
Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past,it was seldom because I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.On the other hand,whenever I had plunged into deep water,forced by courage or circumstance,I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.
Boldness means a decision to
bite off more than you can eat.
.And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideas-even physical strength greater than most of us realize.
Admittedly,those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine,Tim,was an excellent football player,even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player,who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,”said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet-and stopped him cold.”
Boldness-a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme-is not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence builds up.Surely,there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.
So,always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities-and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.
51.Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?
.
A.He faced huge risks.
B.He lacked mighty forces.
C.Fear prevented him from trying.
D.Failure blocked his way to success.
52.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?
.
A.Swallow more than you can digest.
B.Act slightly above your abilities.
C.Develop more mysterious powers.
D.Learn to make creative decisions.
53.What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football gam
.
A.His physical strength.
B.His basic skill.
C.His real fear.
D.His spiritual force.
54.What can be learned from Paragraph 5?
.
A.Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.
B.Trying without success is meaningless.
C.Repeated failure creates a better life.
D.Boldness can be gained little by little.
55.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
.
A.To encourage people to be courageous.
B.To advise people to build up physical power.
C.To tell people the ways to guarantee success.
D.To recommend people to develop more abilities.
难度:较难
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4.
A.Be a good listener.
B.Care about the details.
C.Strike up a conversation.
D.Make time for friendships.
E.Reach out to the newcomers.
F.Avoid causing inconveniences
Develop Better Relationships with Neighbors
Good neighbors are a lot like electricity or running water:we don’t know how much we depend on them until we don’t have them.They make our lives more pleasant and give us a sense of who we wrte,both as an individual and as a member of the community. Here‘s how to develop your relationships with these very important people in your life.
61.
Often neighbors don’t even know each other’s names.But it’s okay to be the one to break
the ice,even if you’ve lived next door for years.Most neighbors enjoy making small talk with the
folks on the other side of the fence.So as you see them at work in their yards,smile,wave,and say
hello.Ask how their kids are (whether they’re babies or in college),whether they could use an extra
cucumber from your garden,or what they think of the price at the local supermarket.
62.
These days,the old Welcome Wagon is a thing of the past.But your new neighbors may
be feeling lonely and unsure,especially if they’re far from home,and might appreciate a friendly face
bearing fresh-baked chocolate cakes.If they have kids,tell them where the children in the
neighborhood live.Recommend the best places to eat and sleep.Invite them over for coffee or tea
when they get settled,give them your number,and point to your house as you say good-bye.
63.
Return anything that you borrow from a neighbor,such as tools,in good repair and as
soon as you’ve finished with them.Replace anything that belongs to your neighbor that you,your
children,or your pets break or soil.Make sure that your car is not blocking their doorway.Such
random acts of consideration will have your neighbors talking-and the talk will be good.
64.
If you value a friendship with your neighbors,spend time with them.What better way
to meet your neighbors than to invite them to an informal barbecue,pool party,or holiday open
house?Better yet,you might even consider throwing a get-together in their honor.Deliver the
invitations in person to everyone who lives on your street and chat with each for five minutes before
moving on to the next house.This way,you will get an idea of what your neighbors are like so that
you can plan for appropriate food and music.
65.
In a good relationship,it’s really the little things that count.Help to bring in the mail
for the elderly neighbor when there is a heavy rain.When your neighbor gorgets to take in his rubbish
cans,roll them back into his yard.If you’re truly concerned,you’ll know when your neighbor needs
some cheering up-a bunch of flowers or a helping hand when it’s needed.All it takes to develop
your relationship with neighbors is the respect for their feelings.
难度:较难
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5.
For those who make journeys across the world,the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages.Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village.Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other,allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far.A price has been paid,they say,for the conquest (征服) of time and distance.
Travel is something to be enjoyed,not endured
(忍受).The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey.A journey by train also has a special charm about it.Lakes and forests and wild,open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing.On board a plane,however,there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane.The soft lighting,in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know,and the hours progress slowly.
Then there is the time spent being“processed”at a modern airport.People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed,tickets produced,examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to another waiting area.Journeys by rail and sea take longer,yes,but the hours devoted to being“processed”at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent.No wonder,then,that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines.
Man,however,is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane.The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation.The holiday maker,too,with limited time to spend,patiently endures the busy airports and limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days,relaxing in the sun.speed controls people’s lives; time saved,in work or play,is the important thing-or so we are told.Perhaps those first horsemen,riding free across the wild,open plains,were enjoying a better world than the one we know today.They could travel at will,and the clock was not their master.
71.What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?
A.Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.
B.The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.
C.The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.
D.Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.
72.How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2?
A.By giving instructions.
B.By analyzing cause and effect.
C.By following the order of time.
D.By giving examples.
73.According to Paragraph 3,passengers are turning back to modern high-speed trains because
.
A.they pay less for the tickets
B.they feel safer during the travel
C.they can enjoy higher speed of travel
D.they don’t have to waste time being“processed”
74.What does the last sentence of the passage mean?
A.They could enjoy free and relaxing travel.
B.They needed the clock to tell the time.
C.They preferred traveling on horseback.
D.They could travel with their master.
75.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Air travel benefits people and industries.
B.Train Travel has some advantages over air travel.
C.Great changes have taken place in modern travel.
D.The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.
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