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            • 1. Can you give some solutions to the problem of children's overweight? (No more than 30 words) ______ .
            • 2. I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him - the majority.
                  I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. "I'll give you a quarter if you tell me your story." He laughed, "You'll give me a quarter for my story?" I lay the quarter in front of him and corrected myself - "Nah, here's the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story." I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a bright reflection. I sat down next to him and waited.
                  "I was in the army," he said. "I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the enemy from the distance." I listened carefully to his rough voice as he went deeper into the story.  He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose-to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq.
                  It wasn't long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. "I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone innocent," he said. "One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up …I couldn't do it."
              注意:
              1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
              2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
              3. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
              4. 续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语.
              Paragraph 1:
              "She wasn't doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids. ______
              Paragraph 2:
              The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. _______
            • 3. Four Simple Ways to Better Your Writing    Keep It Simple
                  My first tip for improving your writing is: keep it simple.
                  Now, I know this seems really, really obvious, but I always say to my students, "Simple done right is better than complicated(复杂的) done wrong." In other words, it's better to keep things simple and do it well, rather than over-complicate(使过分复杂) everything and do it badly.
                  So, in English writing exams, you want to show off your English, but you want to show off your right English, not all this English that you don't know or haven't learnt yet.
                  Have a Collection of Set Phrases(固定搭配)
                  Now that leads me on to point number two. In order to avoid making mistakes in your writing, it's a really, really good idea to have a collection of set phrases and key words that you can use in the exam. Now, you do have to be careful with this. You don't want to practice what you're going to write, but you do want to have a nice collection of things and have key phrases prepared. Make sure that you have different ways to …
                  Compare:in the same way, at the same time
                  Give your opinion:from my point of view, in my view
                  Add information(补充): in addition, besides
                  Show cause:owing to, due to
                  Show effect:as a result, in consequence, therefore
                  Conclude:in short, in conclusion, in summary
                  So, that's just a very brief list showing you exactly what you need to study to be fully prepared for any English writing exam.
                  Reduce Your Word Count(精简字数)
                  Now, point number three: reduce your word count. Use as few words as possible.
                  Avoid pointless words like very, a lot. Replace them, instead, with a strong word. So, instead of saying "so scared," I would say, "terrified." By using strong words, you can reduce your word count by a fair bit.
                 Another way is avoiding there is and there are. We want everything to be as clear as possible. Thus, you can increase the quality and the clarity(清楚,清晰) of your writing.
                  Check Your Work
                  Tip number four: this is one that you have heard in school so many times. Students will make some stupid mistakes when they're writing. After being asked to correct the mistakes, they will say, "we already know this. So easy!" and it's because they don't check their work.
                  I know, when you finish an exam, you're like, "Ah, I'm done! I want to move to the next question!" But you can avoid so many point deductions(扣除) just by checking through your work, so make it priority(优先的事).
                  I personally think it's much better if you write less and check more. Fewer words, high accuracy(准确率). Then you will make your writing perfect.
              Four Simple Ways to Better Your Writing
              Keep it simple ●Keep things simple and do it well, (1) ______  of over-complicating everything and do it badly.
              ●Show off your English by presenting right English but not the English (2) ______  or not learnt.
              (3) ______  Set Phrases ●Have a collection of set phrases and key words to (4) ______  making mistakes.
              ●Make sure that you have different ways to express your idea, such as in (5) ______ , aside from to show add information.
              ●List what you need to study to make (6) ______  for writing exams.
              Reduce Your Word Count ●(7) ______  pointless words with strong words.
              ●Avoid using there is or there are to(8) ______  the quality and clarity of your writing.
              Check Your Work ●Some stupid mistakes are made because the students (9) ______  to check their work.
              ●Make it a priority to check your work.
              Conclusion ●Write less and check more,(10) ______  sure fewer words but high accuracy, and you will write perfectly.
            • 4. A conversation is not a business meeting at work or with your family. It is a personal or informal talk that takes place in a restaurant, in a car or walking on the street on your way to work.
                  It can make or break a relationship. It can make a career successful. It can make new friends. It can just brighten up another person's life. It can change the world!
                  Here are some ways to make a conversation bring meaning to you and others.
                  Before starting a conversation, be clear about what you want to achieve. Knowing your purpose beforehand allows you to keep your conversation to the point and never get lost out of the way.
                  Start a topic is very timely and appropriate. The starting point has to be depending on your relationship with the person you are talking to and the situation the person or both of you are going through. Starting the conversation with the right topic sets the tone that brings both sides at ease.
                  Come up with something that will make both of you interested. This allows the other person to be drawn more to speak up. Discovering common likes and dislikes opens up a bond between two people.
                  Put yourself in the shoes of the other person. Think how the other person feels at the moment. Feeling how the other person feels helps you to be in his position.
                  One of the most difficult tasks to do in a conversation is really listening. Do not prepare for what to say while the other person is talking. Do not just keep quiet because you want to give the other person a time to talk. The proof that you really listen is to repeat your understanding of what was said in your own words.
                  After you have spoken give the other person a time to talk. There are some people who like to talk about themselves.
                  If you are one of them, try to be less selfish. A conversation is not a monologue (独角戏) or an interview.
                  Managing a conversation shows what kind of person you are. You do not have to wait for the other person to lead the discussion. You can do this. No matter who you are, if you lead a talk, you make a difference.
              Passage outline How to make meaningful conversations?
              The (1) ______ of a conversation A conversation is a personal or informal talk (2) ______ place in the restaurant, in a car or walking on the street.
              What can a conversation do? It can change the world by (3) ______ or breaking a relationship, making a career (4) ______ , making new friends or brightening up another person's life.
              (5) ______  can you make a conversation meaningful? ●Talk with a purpose. Knowing your purpose in (6) ______ keeps your conversation to the point.
              ●Choose a good topic. Starting the conversation with the right topic makes both of you feel (7) ______ .
              ●Find common interests. Discovering common likes and dislikes opens up a bond between two people, allowing the other person to be drawn more to speak up.
              ●Put yourself in the shoes of the other person. Feeling how the other person feels can (8) ______ you to be in his position.
              ●Listen and repeat. (9) ______  keeping silent, repeating your understanding to show that you are really listening.
              ●Allow your listener to (10) ______ . A conversation is not a monologue or an interview.
            • 5. The basics of infrastructure (基础设施)design    It is rightly pointed out by various intellectuals that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the earlier times especially in terms of its pace. Lifestyle of today is remarkably fast paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the adoption of smart and time saving methods is of real significance. Well, the highways have certainly contributed in this direction and have made our lives a lot easier. Thanks to the modern flyovers and expressways, a single route can be accessed by twice the number of vehicles at the same time.
                  These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process. You have to hold firmly to the various rules of designing, government standards and most importantly, their safety and usability for the people. In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians. The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is required.
                  Some of the points you have to take care of while laying an infrastructure design are as follows:
                  The basic layout (布局)of the road - At this level of planning, various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt(沥青),the size of lanes, distance to be covered, degree of curves and much more. These fundamental points help them decide the further line of action.
                  The prior steps 一 Before any work is stated over the basic plan layout, there are various preparations to be made like placing road signs, the removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes, the positioning of fire hydrants (?肖防栓)based on special designs to be useful when required, etc.
                  Inclusion of safety barriers 一 The safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to rivers and cliffs. These barriers keep the vehicles from moving into the traffic in instances of accidents. These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road and the design should be such that it makes minimum impact upon the people sitting in the car. These include supplies like side rails and light poles.
                  Asphalt pavement marking - It is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes, turns, passing areas, two-way and one-way roads.
                  Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the ease of use is also the cause of accidents. Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure change of lanes are a common sight on the highways. With the help of novel infrastructure can make the best possible use of highways, It these are designed properly and number 6f accidents can be avoided.
              The basics of infrastructure design
              Reason for construction of infrastructure Infrastructure must(1) ______  the demands of today's fast-paced lifestyle.
              Challenges of design and (2) ______ Various rules, standards, safety and usability should be taken into careful(3) ______ .
              (4) ______ from skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians is necessary.
              Materials must be (5) ______ to ensure their qualities.


              Points to follow
              Various engineers meet to make sure about fundamental requirements of the road.
              Preparations must be done beforehand in (6) ______  of potentially dangerous events.
              Safety barriers should be carefully placed to (7) ______  accidents or to (8) ______  the damage to the least level.
              Material that can(9) ______  light should be used for road signs at important points.

              Conclusion
              Smooth and wide highways may cause accidents despite the(10) ______  it brings about.
              With highways properly designed and sign boards reasonably placed, accidents can
              be better avoided.
            • 6.

              Although I think there is much for me to learn in the area of communication, I've been told by my friends that I’m a great person to speak to. It seems that I have a talent for having conversations go on without boring others. In fact, I don’t think there are any “tricks” you have to use to be a great conversationalist. Below are some rules I apply in all my conversations.

                   Focus on the positives. Go for the positive topics. Instead of talking about past sadness, choose a discussion of future goals. During your conversations, always take a forward-thinking attitude. Less complaining, more solutions. Less judging, more understanding. Doing more of the latter will make you a more enjoyable person to speak to.

                 It's fine to express your opinion, but don't force them to accept. Respect other people’s privacy. Respect other people’s personal choices—don't criticize or judge. Remember, everyone has his right to be himself, just as you have the right to be yourself. That is, respect others. Respect other people’s point of view.

                    Be true to yourself. Your best asset (财富) is your true personality. Value it and let it shine. Don’t cover it up. It’ll be pretty boring if you just repeat the other person’s words during a conversation. If you want to communicate with others very well, be ready to share your real thoughts and opinions and let others know the real you.

                    50-50 sharing. I always think that a great conversation should be made up of equal sharing by both people involved in it. Sometimes it may be 40-60 or 60-40 depending on the circumstances, but in general, both should have equal opportunities to share and contribute to the conversation.

              (1) What's the author like in his friends’ eyes? (No more than 10 words) (2) What does the underlined words “the latter” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (No more than 5 words) (3) What's the main idea of Paragraph 3? (No more than 5 words) (4) What's a person's best asset according to the author? (No more than 5 words) (5) How do we become great conversationalists? Why? (No more than 20 words)
            • 7.

               

              阅读下面短文,并根据短文内容完成下列各题。

              People around us, especially our friends, have a strong influence on our lives. We all want to believe that they are the best but sometimes it is not so. As you change over the years, people and your friends change, too. If you are following a path of growth, then you must be prepared to grow new friendships too.

              Be open to meeting new people. No matter whether your life has changed or not, always be open to letting new people into your life. They are like a fresh wind on a hot day. They can inspire you. They can give you new ideas. They can become your new best friends. Don’t limit yourself to the circle of people you already know, or you will limit your own ways to grow.

              Make sure that you are a friend that you would like to have. Are you always there for your friends? Do you help them? Do you actually listen to them? Can you accept and understand the changes that happened or are happening in their lives? Do you enjoy giving as much as receiving? Answer these questions for yourself first and see if you are the one who needs to grow to the level of your friends.

              Explore new ways to make friends. New people won’t just suddenly appear in your life. If you want to meet somebody then you need to start exploring the world. You can make friends online. You can start a new hobby. You can just start talking to a stranger who seems interesting to you. Be the one who starts the relationship, not the one who is waiting for something to happen.

              (1) What does the passage mainly talk about? (No more than 5 words) (2) What does the underlined word “inspire” in the Paragraph 2 probably mean? (1 word) (3) What is the bad side of limiting ourselves to the circle of old friends? (No more than 10 words) (4) What should you do according to the third paragraph? (No more than 15 words) (5) What do you think of new friends? (No more than 20 words)
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