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            • 1．

              Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people who know how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.

                 On Nov. 10, Britain’s Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research. The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases.

              “Do these constructs (构想) challenge our idea of what it is to be human?” asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue. “It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized.”     

                Using human material in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon’s gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers (肝) made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.

                However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.

                   Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos (胚胎) for experiments. On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases.

                The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions (定义) for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within. 

              难度：较难
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            • 2．

              When you’re returning to Australia, be careful that you don’t bring in pests and diseases. Some items you might bring back from overseas can be pests and diseases that Australia doesn’t have. When you return, declare(申报)all food, meat, fruits, plants, seeds, wooden souvenirs, animal or plant materials.

                  Australia has strict quarantine(检疫)laws and tough on-the-spot fines. Every piece of luggage is now screened or X-rayed. If you fail to declare any quarantine items, or if you make a false declaration, you will get caught. In addition to on-the-spot fines, you could be accused and fined more than $60, 000 and you may risk 10 years in prison. All international mail is also screened.

                  Some products may require treatment to make them safe. Items that are restricted because of the risk of pests and diseases will be seized and destroyed by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service(AQIS).

                  In many cases, the goods you declare will be returned to you after inspection. However, any item that presents a quarantine risk will be withheld(扣留). You will be given a range of options for each item depending on the quarantine risk: ·

                ·Treating the item to make it safe*;

                ·Holding the item until an import permit is presented*; ·

                ·Re-exporting the item*；·

                ·Destroying the item.

              Those treatments with the sign “*” are subject to fees.

               Further information:

                  For more detailed information about bringing in food, animals, plants, animal or plant materials, call the AQIS at 1800-020-504.

              难度：中等
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            • 3．

              Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot“greener”towards the environment.“We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,”says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.

              But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass­roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many, many times,”says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.

              According to US government reports, emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.

              Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.

              Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. Until we do that, nothing else will change!” says Bruce Anderson.

              难度：中等
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            • 4．

              There’re some important days in April to remember.

              Fools’ Day

              April Fools’ Day falls on the first day of April. It’s the only of the year when you can play tricks on others and needn’t worry about them getting angry. You must make sure the jokes are good for both sides. Don’t make your tricks mean（低劣的） or dangerous.

              First Modern Olympics

              On April 6, 1896, King George I of Greece welcomed people to the modern day Summer Olympic Games in Athens.

              Back then, Athens was just a small village, and news about the Games was unable to reach many people. As a result, only 245 athletes took part in the games. They weren’t chosen by their countries like they’re now. Instead, they came by themselves and paid for the journey themselves. Ever since then, the Summer Olympic Games have been held every four years in a different city around the world.

              Health Day

              April 7 is World Health Day. This day is not just about hand-washing and healthy eating. Each year a different theme(主题) is selected. For example, the theme of 2012 Health Day was Ageing and Health.

              This year, Health Day will focus on high blood pressure. The main causes of blood pressure include stress, too much salt in your food and too little exercise.

              Earth Day

              We call the Earth our “mother”; however, our mother is facing lots of problems. April 22 this year marks the 43rd Earth Day. It’s a day to remind us to care about the planet. On this day people do things to help improve the environment and cut down their energy use. Earth Day comes only once a year, but it reminds people to live in a green way every day. If we truly care about the planet, every day can be Earth Day!

              难度：较易
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            • 5．

              CCTV—1 Channel 2

              18:00 TV Classroom: Computer

              18:30 China Music TV

              19:00 News

              19:30 Weather Report

              19:40 Today’s Focus

              20:05 40-part Serial（连续剧）

              The Gate of Reign（39）

              21:25 Stories on the Map

              22:30 China Sports Report

              23:00 On the Screen Next Week

              CCTV—2 Channel 8

              17:30 Foreign Light Music

              18:10 Children’s Programme:

              Cartoon City

              19:05 World-famous Cities: Toronto

              20:55 The Story of Earth

              21:30 Economy 30 Minutes

              22:00 News in English

              22:30 Special Sports: Football Match (China-Indonesia）

              00:20 On the Screen Next Week

              ( TV programmes in Beijing Sunday, May 26, 2012 CCTV )

              难度：较易
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            • 6．

              D

                     The first reality TV show in the world was called Expedition Robinson and it was shown in Sweden in 1997. Half the population of the country watched the final event and a new kind of TV program was born. Two years later in Holland, the first series of Big Brother was filmed. Again, it was a great success and the final program was watched by 15 million people. Now more than 20 countries around the world have Big Brother or Expedition Robinson on their TV screens. The ordinary people who take part in the programs are known by millions of people in their own countries and reality TV has become big, big business.

                     For the TV producers, reality TV is a dream which comes true because many of the programs cost nothing to make. At some point, the television audience are asked to telephone the program to vote or to apply to take part in the show. It is the cost of these telephone calls that pays for the shows. One of the most popular shows is Pop Idol. In the show, a group of attractive young people are made into pop stars. TV audience vote for their favorite person on the show. The winner makes a record and millions of copies of the record are sold. His or her pictures are published on the covers of magazines or on the front pages of newspapers, and then, they are quickly forgotten.

                     But not everyone is happy about reality TV. In Portugal, two TV channels got into trouble because they showed too much of the personal lives of the people in the shows. In France, reality TV is called “rubbish TV” and the TV studios of Big Brother were attacked “against human rights.”

              难度：中等
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            • 7．

              Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.

              While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.

              According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”

              The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.

              When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.

              The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.

              As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.

              (1) What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?

              A. Children’s reading habits.
              B. Quality of children’s books.

              C. Children’s after-class activities.
              D. Parent-child relationships.

              (2) Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?

              A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.

              C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.

              (3) Why do many parents limit electronic reading?

              A. E-books are of poor quality.
              B. It could be a waste of time.

              C. It may harm children’s health.
              D. E-readers are expensive.

              (4) How should parents encourage their children to read more?

              A. Act as role models for them.

              B. Ask them to write book reports.

              C. Set up reading groups for them.

              D. Talk with their reading class teachers.

              难度：中等
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            • 8．

              The Masai are a people who are constantly trying to preserve their own ways in an increasingly modem world. They live along the border of Kenya and Tanzania, moving their homes from time to time to follow their cattle, the source of their living.

              The Masai have become known as a people of fighters, protecting their cattle against lions and other enemies. Only men are fighters. They wear long hair, which is colored red with clay. They can have more than one wife. Women build and take care of the home, fixing food and making clothing. Women and children keep their heads shaved. Women can also become elders, once they have given birth to four healthy children.

              The Masai depend on their cattle for many parts of their life. They drink cow's milk and blood as a sacred drink. They use the cows' waste to cover and seal their homes. They don't kill their cattle for food, but if a cow is killed, then the horns (角) are used for containers; the hides are used to make shoes, clothing, ropes and bed coverings; and the bones are made into decorations.

              The more cattle a man owns, the richer he is considered to be. A man who owns 50 or fewer cattle is considered poor. A "rich" man has a thousand or more. The cattle, though owned by the man, are considered to belong to the man's entire family. The family names the cattle and can recognize each animal's unique voice.

              Masai houses are made from sticks and grass, but they are meant to be temporary, since the move of their cattle means that the Masai move as well.


              (1) What is Masai women's daily work at home?

              A. They protect the cattle from being hunted.

              B. They give birth to babies and bring them up.

              C. They look after as well as name their cattle.

              D. They mainly deal with various housework.

              (2) When do the Masai move from one place to another?

              A. They move when they have over a thousand cattle.

              B. They move once there are 4 children in the family.

              C. They move when their cattle need new food sources.

              D. They move after their houses are not strong enough.

              (3) What does the underlined word "elders" in Paragraph 2 mean?

              A. Aged citizens. B. Respected people.
              C. Brave fighters. D. Wealthy hostesses.

              (4) It can be inferred from the text that

              A. the Masai raise cattle mainly for their meat

              B. lions are the primary enemies of the Masai

              C. the Masai are living a life in a modern way

              D. the total of Masai's cattle decides their status

              难度：中等
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            • 9．

              Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.

              Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.

              But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.

              (1) 24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?

              A. Its business culture.

              B. Its small population.

              C. Its geographical position.

              D. Its favourable climate.

              (2) 25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?

              A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.

              B. One out of five people got rich.

              C. Almost everyone gave up.

              D. Half of them died.

              (3) 26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?

              A. They found the city too crowded.

              B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.

              C. They were unable to stand the winter.

              D. They were short of food.

              (4) 27. What is the text mainly about?

              A. The rise and fall of a city.

              B. The gold rush in Canada.

              C. Journeys into the wilderness.

              D. Tourism in Dawson.

              难度：易
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            • 10．

              A book review tells not only what a book is about，but also how successful it is at what it is trying to do.Professors often assign book reviews as practice in careful analytical(分析的)reading.

              As a reviewer，you bring together the two strands of accurate，analytical reading and strong，personal response when you indicate (指出)what the book is about and what it might mean to a reader (by explaining what it meant to you)．In other words，reviewers answer not only the WHAT but the SO WHAT question about a book.Thus，in writing a review，you combine the skills of describing what is on the page，analyzing how the book tried to achieve its purpose，and expressing your own reactions.

              Most book reviews start with a heading that includes all the basic information about the book，like：

              Title.

              Author.

              Place of publication，publisher，date of publication.

              Number of pages.

              Like most pieces of writing，the review usually begins with an introduction that lets your readers know what the review will say.The first paragraph usually includes the author and title again，so your readers donˈt have to look up to find this information.You should also include a very brief description of the contents of the book，the purpose or audience for the book，and your reaction and evaluation.

              Then you move into a section of background information that helps place the book in context and discusses how to judge the book.Next，you should give a summary of the main points，quoting (引用)and explaining key phrases from the author.Finally，you get to the heart of your review—your evaluation of the book.In this section，you might discuss some of the following issues：

              •How well the book has achieved its goal.

              •What possibilities are suggested by the book.

              •What the book has left out.

              •How the book compares with others on the subject.

              •What specific points are not convincing.

              •What personal experiences youˈve had related to the subject.

              It is important to use labels to carefully distinguish your views from the authorˈs，so that you donˈt confuse your reader.①

              Then，like other essays，you can end with a direct comment on the book，and tie together issues raised in the review in a conclusion.

              There is，of course，no set form，but a general rule is that the first one-half to two-thirds of the review should summarize the authorˈs main ideas and at least one-third should evaluate the book.


              (1) According to the text，personal response of a book reviewer refers to ________.
              A. accurate and analytical reading
              B. the reviewerˈs indication of what the book is
              C. the reviewerˈs indication of what the book meant to a reader
              D. skills of describing what is on the page
              (2) Readers will get puzzled if ________.



              A. there is no heading in a book review
              B. the book review is not complex enough
              C. the reviewerˈs point of view is mixed with the authorˈs
              D. there are some different issues listed in the book review
              (3) What is suggested for a book review in this text?



              A. Quoting from the other similar books.
              B. Commenting on the book in a fixed form.
              C. Analyzing the authorˈs writing experience in the past.
              D. Comparing the book with others on a similar subject.
              (4) What does the text mainly tell us?



              A. Steps to read a book.
              B. Tips for writing a book review.
              C. The way to develop your idea.
              D. Things not to be avoided in a book review.
              难度：中等
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