Order is the best manager of time. It illustrates many subjects. Thus, obedience to the natural law is order. Virtue is order. The world began with it.   (1)  was once common before its establishment.

The merchant, the clerk and the laborer are all of the same   (2)  , born with the same expectations and affected by similar influences. They are, it is   (3)  , born in different positions, but it   (4)  with themselves whether they shall live nobly or evilly. They may not have their choice of riches or poverty, but they have their   (5)   of being good or evil.

People of the highest position,   (6)   culture and education, have often as great hardships as the common people. They have to make their incomes go much further. They have to   (7)   their social status.   (8)  their incomes may be less satisfactory, they are desperate to   (9)  and bring the children up as gentlemen.

Hume, a famous historian, was a man of good family but his   (10)   were very small when he was young. In his autobiography, he uses his own case as a(n)   (11)  of the advantages of frugality(节省). Despite a considerable debt, his mother, a widow,   (12)  met the difficulties and eventually overcame them. Though her income was less than that of many highly paid men, she educated her children well and brought them up   (13)  .

Hume says, “While studying in France, I   (14)   that plan of life which I have steadily and successfully pursued. I determined to make a   (15)  frugality supply of my shortage of fortune and to   (16)   my own words: “My appointments, with my frugality, had helped me reach a fortune which made me   (17)  .”

Goethe says, “It doesn’t matter within what circle an honest man acts, provided he knows how to   (18)   that circle.” “What is the best government?” Goethe asks. “That which teaches us to   (19)   ourselves! Let every one only do the right in his place, without   (20)   himself about the confusion of the world.”

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may list silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

Many of you should not own dogs. It’s that simple. The reason is that, if you own a dog, you must train a dog, and many dog owners out there, it is safe to say, have little or no control over their dogs, because they do not train them.

Strong words? Maybe．But they are simple, honest words, as untrained dogs living in residential neighborhoods bark at will, run loose, and visit and damage neighboring properties with their owners’ blessings as they let them run on purpose.

Take note of the fact that you, the dog owner, cannot control your dog causing a continual nuisance（麻烦事）that damages the quality of life in your neighborhood. There’s nothing more annoying to most people than a dog that barks and nothing more confusing than trying to understand the deficient（有缺陷的）mentality of the dog owner who allows his dog to do so.

After all, the irresponsible dog owner hears the barking too, and so those who must put up with it are continually left wondering-what are they thinking, are they deaf?

Many dog owners believe it is not possible for their dog to be trained, an indication that the owners themselves lack self discipline, and most likely have never really tried to apply discipline to other issues in their lives, not with consistency, or that they are simply lazy and inattentive(疏忽的) to their own adult responsibilities at the expense of others.

Irresponsible dog owners, though, do train their dogs. A dog is a reflection of its owner. Whatever a dog does (run loose, bark at will, jump on guests entering the front door, soil neighboring lawns) is a result of the decisions of the owner. The choice not to do something is indeed a choice.

The good news is that with mere consistency(一致性), a dog can be trained rather quickly, in a couple of weeks if the owner takes his responsibility seriously. Again, that process will be a reflection of the ownerˈs behavior, and the primary ingredient（要素）in that behavior is not allowing the dog, not even once, to repeat the bad behavior without consequences when told and directed not to. You can stop your dog from barking with simple firm voice commands, direct eye contact, and force of will in a relatively short time, as long as you are consistent and a reasonably mature person.

Dogs, what’s more, love this training because pleasing you, their owner, is what they are all about. The upshot（结果，要点）will be that you have a more connected relationship you’re your dog, a better dog that is suitable for its environment.

请阅读下面文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1. 用约30个词概括上述利用排名（ratings）进行消费的现象；

2. 谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。

【写作要求】

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

Why does nearly everyone instantly look more attractive with sunglasses on? You know you’re at least a little curious. And so was Vanessa Brown, a senior lecturer of art and design at Nottingham Trent University in the U.K. Her research focuses on the meaning we assign to everyday objects, and in her academic book that’s coming out early next year, she explores the cultural and psychological relationship between sunglasses and our modern idea of “cool”. In an e-mail to Science of Us, Brown explained what her research has uncovered about why most of us look better in shades.

Sunglasses do make your face look better. Put on a pair of sunglasses, and there’ll be instantsymmetry（对称）! The dark lenses cover up any non-symmetrical features around your eyes, and research on facial attractiveness shows a clear link between symmetry and our ideas of beauty.

Many of the snap judgments we form about people come from looking them in the eyes. “The eyes are such atremendoussource of information for the human being,” Brown explained. Eye contact helps us form judgments about someone’s intelligence, confidence, and sincerity, and sunglasses keep us literally in the dark about forming thoseperceptionsabout a person. A recent study showed that people who wore sunglasses acted more selfishly and dishonestly than those wearing eyeglasses, which, the researchers argue, suggests that sunglasses cheat us into feeling more unknown.

Sunglasses are a relatively modern everyday accessory. Sales started to pick up in the 1920s, but they didn’t becomecommonplaceuntil about two decades after that. In their early days sunglasses were primarily used during risky water and snow sports, and were also associated with new technologies like airplane travel, which made them seem “daring and thoroughly modern”.

Soon after that, Hollywood stars of the 1950s and 1960s started wearing sunglasses to defend themselves from being recognized by the public or harassed bypaparazzi（狗仔队）, whose flashbulbs would often explode violently, sometimes literally in their faces. But regardless of practicality, movie stars’ adoption of the sunglasses strengthened the link between sunglasses and attractiveness.

现在，越来越多的城市家庭饲养宠物犬，对此《21世纪英文报》组织了一场讨论：城市内是否可以养宠物犬？请参考下图的各类信息，介绍讨论情况，并说明自己的观点。

注意：(1)词数100字左右；(2)可适当增减情节，使行文连贯; (3)文章开头已给，不计入总词数。

Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pet dogs at home in cities.________________________________

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    The sharing economy, represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber, is the latest fashion craze. But many supporters have overlooked the reality that this new business model is largely based on escaping regulations（规则）and breaking the law.

    Airbnb is an Internet-based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to strangers for short stays. Uber is an Internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars. There are hundreds of other such services.

    The good thing about the sharing economy is that it promotes the use of underused resources. Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms, and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while allowing guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those charged by hotels. Uber offers prices that are competitive with standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy（值得信任的）.

    But the downside of the sharing economy has gotten much less attention. Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels, and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually an important source of tax income. But many of Airbnb’s customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.

    Airbnb can also raise issues of safety for its customers and trouble for hosts’ neighbors. Hotels are regularly inspected（检查）to ensure that they are not fire traps and that they don’t form other risks for visitors. Airbnb hosts face no such inspections.

    Since Airbnb is allowing people to escape taxes and regulations, the company is simply promoting（引起）theft. Others in the economy will lose by bearing an additional tax burden or being forced to live next to an apartment unit with a never-ending series of noisy visitors.

    The same story may apply with Uber. Uber is currently arguing over whether its cars meet the safety and insurance requirements which are accepted by standard taxis. Also, if Uber and related services flood the market, they could harm all taxi drivers’ ability to earn a minimum wage.

    This downside of the sharing needs to be taken seriously, but that doesn’t mean the current tax and regulatory structure is perfect.

When you hear the word “recycling”. what comes to your mind? The color green or global warming?

What if I were to tell you there is a dark side of recycling? A type of recycling that does more than good. The dark side of recycling has nothing to do with the environment but rather has a lot to do with the recycling of ideas.

Environmental unrest is not the only trouble we must face. Idea pollution is quickly becoming widespread across the online world.

Think about it. When was the last time you read an original blog post? I’m guessing it has been quite a while. Why do you think top bloggers of today win so much respect? Do you think they recycle their ideas? With each recycled idea the online world becomes much more polluted. Used content contributes to the ever increasing mass of digital smog.

The first step to reduce pollution is simple: stop recycling. When you stop recycling, you will then be forced to take up the task of creating from your own ideas. When you recycle an excellent idea, it soon becomes good. When you recycle a good idea, it soon becomes just OK. The chain continues until the key part of what used to make the idea good is saturated, leaving you nothing but a pile of mess.

In order not to pollute, your ideas must go beyond “just recycled’’. Your ideas must stand out from the pollution of the web. For your voice and talent to be heard and seen, you must go far beyond the standard copy of your neighbours’ ideas.

For the next week, make a promise not to recycle. Let your ideas flourish and flow. Believe in your ability to create, because the death of recycling starts with YOU.

In a society such as the United States or Canada, which has many national, religious and cultural differences, people highly value individualism—the differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students do not memorize all possible basic knowledge. Instead, they work individually and find answers by themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions.

  In most Asia societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in much of the orient reflects societyˈs belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments.

  There are advantages and disadvantages of both systems of education. For example, one advantage of the system in Japan is that students there learn much more about math, physics, biology and chemistry than American students by the end of high school. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control. There is, however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.

  The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from school, they havenˈt memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have.