As we all know nowadays, English , which was only spoken by people living in Britain    (1)   the 16^th century, began to be spoken in many other countries from the next century with the English colonists（殖民者） making voyages to conquer other places all over the world.   (2)   that, a large   (3)   of countries speak English   (4)   their first language, such as the U.S., Canada, Australia.   (5)  people in many more countries have a good command of English and speak   (6)   fluently as a foreign or   (7)   language   (8)    ever before.
     Although there are   (9)   kinds of English in the world, the    (10)   speakers can have almost no   (11)   in communication with each other   (12)   they don’t make   (13)    of the same kind of English. However, sometimes they do have some difficulty in   (14)    and understanding each other’s words, dialects , pronunciation and   (15)  .
     English is an all-the-time changing   (16)   , for example, the English of AD 450 to 1150, which was  (17)  on German, was quite different from the English spoken at   (18)   .     (19)    to Shakespeare’s efforts, English had a big change in usage. American English got its own identity with the   (20)   of Noah Webster.

Laughter is the best medicine. It helps those who cannot work out become healthy. We can easily recognize laughter, but what exactly is it?

Experts say that  (1)   out loud helps improve your fitness. This is  (2)   laughter strengthens the heart and the lungs. Besides, a good laugh can  (3)   your muscles. As you laugh, they become  (4)  . After you laugh, these muscles start to relax. According to the research, this  (5)   is very useful for people with breathing problems. Some parts of the body are exercising. It’s a massage(按摩) inside the body!

Laughter  (6)   makes us feel happy. Experts say that the positive feelings produced  (7)   laughter not only make us feel a sense of  (8)   but also helps us reduce pain.

The next time you feel upset  (9)   disappointed, do not worry. Enjoying a funny comedy or reading some jokes will  (10)   your negative feelings and make you feel much better. Meanwhile, laughter measures your ability to handle the world around you. If you can laugh when you are afraid, you will be able to survive your troubles. If you are in control and sure of yourself, then you can enjoy a happy life.

You’re surrounded by robots and you probably don’t even know it. Most are not all that   (1)   and they won’t come up to you and speak like a friend.   (2)   you’re unaware of them, they know you’re there. Robots are monitoring   (3)   in hospitals, providing banking services,   (4)   people from burning buildings and assisting astronauts in   (5)   . Robots are everywhere.

Are robots   (6)   or deadly enemies? Robotic expert Hans Moravec says intelligent robots today are no smarter than the average insect. But, don’t feel too   (7)   about that. For example, army ants in South America   (8)  everything in their path when they go to war—forests, crops, buildings, people...

In case you   (9)    don’t care about our little mechanical friends,   (10)   this: Robot technology is currently   (11)    at a rate 10 million times faster than the evolution of   (12)   .

Considering the advances in robot technology during the upcoming years, Moravec says that robots must pass through four   (13)   of development before they rule the planet.

First robot technology must achieve the ability to   (14)    as general­ purpose tools with software running at one million instructions per second (MIPS). Those robots will have the   (15)   of reptiles (爬行动物). Next, this happening into 2020, robots will have acquired brains capable of   (16)   300 million MIPS, which will give them the intelligence of smart mice. A hundred billion MIPS will be   (17)    sometime after 2030. By then robots will be provided by their   (18)    (humankind) with monkey­like brains.  (19)   , at the dawn of 2040, robots will   (20)   human intelligence and they will quickly surpass humans and challenge people for supremacy (至高无上) of the planet.

Much meaning can be conveyed clearly with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak. Do you have such kind of   (1)  ? In a bus you may look at a   (2)  , but not too long. And if he is sensing that he is being stared at, he may feel   (3)  . It is   (4)   in daily life. If you are looked at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself   (5)  , to see if there is anything   (6)   with you. If  (7)  

 goes wrong, you will feel angry toward his or her stare at you that way. Eyes do   (8)  , right?

Looking at someone too long may seem to be  (9)   and aggressive. But things are different     (10)   it comes to staring at the   (11)   sex. If a man glances at a woman for more than ten seconds and   (12)   to move his gaze, his intentions are obvious, that, he wishes to   (13)   her attention, to make her understand that he is   (14)   her.

However, the   (15)   eye contact for two people in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener   (16)  , in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is saying. As for the listener, he will to some extent look   (17)   at the speaker, to tell him that he is attentive. In fact, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only, who will   (18)   looking at each other gently for a long time, to show affection that   (19)   can’t express.

Obviously, eye contact should be done according to the   (20)   between two people and the specific situation.

New comers to the United States are often   (1)  by the schools. American schools  (2)  seem so different from schools they know in  (3)  parts of the world. American education is based on the  (4)  that children  (5)  to learn to think  (6)  themselves. The school should be the  (7)   where they learn to do this.  (8)  ,children learn the "three Rˈs"(Reading, Writing and Arithmetic), history and government(often called Social Studies) and many other  (9)  .They also learn  (10)  be independent(独立的), how to make their own judgment(判断), and how to develop their own  (11)  and interests. The American teacher does not  (12)  the children in her class to sit  (13)  hands folded quietly and to say  (14)  She wants them to listen attentively, to ask questions. She knows that  (15)  children learn from books is (16)  .She also knows that, it is necessary for them to know how to use this  (16)  for their  (17)  and development. During Open School Week, parents have a  (18)  to see how American education  (19)  

Sometimes, we want to know what our lives are going to look like. We may want to know what gifts and   (1)   are going to be presented to us in the coming years    (2)    if our goals will be realized. Perhaps we feel like we need help to make a   (3)    and we want to know which choice will work out best. We may    (4)   fortune-tellers, our dreams, and many other sources in the hopes of   (5)    out what the future holds.    (6)   , we would probably be overwhelmed(感到不知所措) if we knew everything to happen to us.

   Just think of your life    (7)    you've lived it up to this point. You have probably done more and faced more than you could have ever     (8)   . If someone had told you all the jobs and relationships you would

   (9)   when you were a child, you would have become overwhelmed. With your head full of information about the    (10)   , you would have had a very   (11)   time experiencing your life in the present moment, which is where everything   (12)   happens.

   In many ways, not knowing what the future has   (13)   brings out in us the qualities we need to grow. It would have been difficult to     (14)    yourself to certain people or projects if you knew they wouldn't eventually    (15)   . Yet, it was through your commitment to see them that you experienced the    (16)   

you needed to grow.    (17)    your life, it would likely be hard to say that    (18)    in your past should not have happened. In fact, your most challenging experiences with their expected lessons may have eventually    (19)    you the greatest rewards.

   Not knowing the future   (20)   us just where we need to be ---- fully committed and in the present moment.

There are two books I like to read with my students that I would recommend that all teachers and parents use with their children. Both books have (1)    and, in my opinion, a similar message. They are   (2)    for ages seven to thirteen, though as a(n)  (3)  , I love them, too. The first one is The Hundred Dresses, by Eleanor Estes, which is about a poor girl who moves to a new   (4)   and tells the other students that even though she wears rags, she has one hundred  (5)     dresses in her closet. The students know she is   (6)   , and they pick on her and call her names often. In the  (7)   , the girl moves away, and the children in the class find out that she did have one hundred beautiful dresses—but they were just   (8)   the girl had done of the dresses she envisioned (想象) in her   (9)  . I love discussing this book with kids because it covers many levels:   (10)   children who are different, explaining why someone might be   (11)  , the emotions of a student, not making quick judgments about others. It deals with several   (12)    and really helps students see the point of view of others.

Another book that   (13)    with compassion (同情) is The Hundred Penny Box by Sharon Bell Mathis. It is about an elderly lady who   (14)   one hundred pennies in a box, one penny for each   (15)   of her life. Throughout the book she tells her grandson, Michael, the meaning of each penny and stories that go   (16)   with it. Anyone who has an elderly grandmother can understand this story,   (17)   it is also good for kids who don’t have a close   (18)    with an elderly person. It helps to show them that even though someone might be old, he or she   (19)   lived with energy and spirit, just like a kid. It also shows them that each elderly person has a wealth of experiences, heartache, love, wisdom, and memories, and that out of admiration for the long   (20)   the person has led, each elderly person should be cherished and respected.