It’s difficult for doctors to help a person with a hurt brain.   (1)   enough blood, the brain can live only three to five minutes. Usually doctors can’t fix the hurt   (2)   such a short time.

Dr Robert White thinks he knows a   (3)   of help. He thinks doctors should make the hurt brain   (4)   to live for 30 minutes without blood. This gives the doctor   (5)   time to do something for the brain. Dr White experimented his   (6)   on fifteen monkeys.   (7)   he taught them to do different jobs. Then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood go   (8)   amachine. When the brains’  (9)   was10℃, he stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes, he turned the blood back on. He   (10)   the blood again. After their operations, the monkeys were almost   (11)   before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the job the doctor   (12)   them.

Dr White’s idea works well on monkeys. He thinks it will work on   (13)  . He think it will help with heart problems. A person   (14)   die when his heart stops; doctors can   (15)   it again. The problem comes: when the brain is without blood for about 5 minutes, it   (16)  . If doctors start the heart again after 5 minutes, the person has   (17)   body but a dead brain. Maybe in the future, doctors will   (18)   Dr White’s idea. When the person’s heart stops the doctor will   (19)   cool the brain. They will have 30 minutes to start the heart again. Maybe there will be no   (20)   the brain.

People give gifts in almost all societies. Gifts   (1)   festivals and other important occasions (事件或庆典). Some gifts are expensive, or they may take months to create. Others are of less   (2)  , such as birthday cards.

Gift giving is often a process of exchange (交换过程).   (3)   you receive a birthday gift from someone, that person usually   (4)   a birthday gift from you   (5)  . In some cultures, there are certain rules about gift exchange. In Pakistan, for example, there is a tradition called “taking giving.” It   (6)   this way: You give the newly-married couple a gift, and they “repay” you with a gift of higher value. Then you give the couple   (7)   gift. This one should be worth the difference between the first two gifts. The gift exchange continues,   (8)   the same way.

In many ancient cultures, people made   (9)   to their leaders to show their loyalty (忠诚). The Nubians in ancient Egypt are a good   (10)  . They brought gold to the Egyptian kings. Traditions like these   (11)   today in some parts of the world. In parts ofAfrica, for example, farmers may give gifts to the local leaders to   (12)   them for protection.

Today presidents   (13)   bring gifts when they   (14)   a foreign leader. Leaders bring gifts to strengthen relationships between   (15)  , not to emphasize (强调) the power of the gift receiver.

Gifts can   (16)   send special messages. For example, gifts can tell people that we are thinking of them and that we want them to feel   (17)  . Sometimes a gift makes us remember the giver. The gift keeps the   (18)   of a special person and a special relationship alive.

There is no doubt about the good side of gift giving. That is why some people don’t   (19)   the idea that modern gift giving is very wasteful. It is   (20)   that there is an emotional benefit (情感好处) for people who exchange gifts. That is surely enough of a reason for the tradition to continue.

Since the popularity of smart phones, people spend lots of time on their phones, either messaging other people,   (1)   news, or playing games.   (2)  I think cell phones have made life more   (3)  , I don’t think spending a lot of time on cell phones is a good idea.

First, spending too much time on cell phones may   (4)   cancer. Scientific studies have   (5)   that low levels of radiation are given off from the batteries of cell phones. Not only that, but phones are constantly using microwaves to send and   (6)   information. Since many people use their cell phones near their heads, long time exposure could eventually lead to some very   (7)   and unhealthy effects.

Secondly, when people spend too much time on their cell phones, they   (8)   on the things going on around them. This has been proven over and over again by   (9)   who use their phones while in their cars. This has been such a major cause of car   (10)  , because drivers are too distracted (使分心) by their phones to   (11)  the road, that most states in the U.S. have banned (禁止) the   (12)   of cell phones while driving. There are also other cases showing how using cell phones can  (13)   people to miss out on the things around them. For example, I went hiking with a friend a few weeks ago. She was so   (14)   to her cell phone the whole time that she missed out on all the   (15)   things we saw on the mountains, and didn’t get a   (16)   to experience the same awe of nature as I was able to experience.

Lastly, spending too much time on cell phones makes people forget how to have normal conversations.   (17)  , when people use text messaging, they use a form of shorthand known as “Netspeak” to   (18)   on the size of messages and make typing them on small keyboards fast and easy.   (19)   this, many people forget how to spell and use grammar   (20)  .

You are near the front line of a battle. Around you shells are exploding; people are shooting from a house behind you. What are you doing there? You aren’t a soldier. You aren’t  (1)   carrying a gun. You’re standing in front of a  (2)  and you’re telling the TV  (3)  what is happening.

It’s all in a day’s work for a war reporter, and it can be very  (4)  . In the first two years of the  (5)   in former Yugoslavia (前南斯拉夫) 28 reporters and photographers were killed. Hundreds more were  (6)  . What kind of people put themselves in danger to  (7)   pictures to our TV screens and  (8)   to our newspapers? Why do they do it?

 “I think it’s every young journalist’s  (9)  to be a foreign reporter,” says Michael Nicholson, “that’s  (10)  you find the excitement. So when the first opportunity comes, you take it  (11)   it is a war.”

But there are moments of  (12)  . Jeremy Bowen says, “Yes, when you’re lying on the ground and bullets are flying  (13)   your ears, you think: ‘What am I doing here? I’m not going to do this again.’ But that feeling  (14)  after a while and when the next war starts, you’ll be  (15)  .”

“None of us believes that we’re going to  (16)  ,” adds Michael. But he always  (17)  a lucky charm (护身符) with him. It was given to him by his wife for his first war. It’s a card which says “Take care of yourself.” Does he ever think about dying? “Oh,  (18)   , and every time it happens you look to the sky and say to God, ‘If you get me out of this, I  (19)   I’ll never do it again.’ You can almost hear God  (20)  , because you know he doesn’t believe you.”

Sometimes, we want to know what our lives are going to look like. We may want to know what gifts and   (1)   are going to be presented to us in the coming years    (2)    if our goals will be realized. Perhaps we feel like we need help to make a   (3)    and we want to know which choice will work out best. We may    (4)   fortune-tellers, our dreams, and many other sources in the hopes of   (5)    out what the future holds.    (6)   , we would probably be overwhelmed(感到不知所措) if we knew everything to happen to us.

   Just think of your life    (7)    you've lived it up to this point. You have probably done more and faced more than you could have ever     (8)   . If someone had told you all the jobs and relationships you would

   (9)   when you were a child, you would have become overwhelmed. With your head full of information about the    (10)   , you would have had a very   (11)   time experiencing your life in the present moment, which is where everything   (12)   happens.

   In many ways, not knowing what the future has   (13)   brings out in us the qualities we need to grow. It would have been difficult to     (14)    yourself to certain people or projects if you knew they wouldn't eventually    (15)   . Yet, it was through your commitment to see them that you experienced the    (16)   

you needed to grow.    (17)    your life, it would likely be hard to say that    (18)    in your past should not have happened. In fact, your most challenging experiences with their expected lessons may have eventually    (19)    you the greatest rewards.

   Not knowing the future   (20)   us just where we need to be ---- fully committed and in the present moment.

There is a saying: “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a pauper (穷人).” This means that   (1)   should be the largest meal of your day. In many countries, the biggest meal of the day is dinner. So    (2)   does this saying advise us to eat a   (3)   breakfast instead?  

      The answer is in the word breakfast itself, which means the “breaking” of a “fast(斋戒)”, or a    (4)   period without eating. The gap between dinner and breakfast   (5)   be up to twelve hours, so the   (6)   that breaks your fast should be healthy and wholesome. Also,   (7)   your evening meal, the food you consume for breakfast will give you    (8)   to use while you are active during the day. A recent research   (9)   that eating a big breakfast, particularly one containing whole grains and fruit, can   (10)   your concentration and mood. 

     Although health experts   (11)   the importance of eating a good breakfast and having one’s main meal   (12)   in the day, not many people are changing their daily eating   (13)   . In the US, for example, about two-third of the population still has its    (14)   meal in the evening. Many of the most popular types of American food, such as steak and potatoes, are   (15)   fat and carbohydrates, which make them slow to    (16)   , and fattening.     

Many nutritionists   (17)   that people eat small, low-fat meals five or six times a day. Most agree,   (18)   , that good nutrition and what you eat is more important than when you eat it. Keeping to a   (19)   diet of nutritious, low-calorie foods like vegetables, whole grains, fish, and fresh fruit is the way to   (20)   a good life.

What is the power of music? It captures (唤起) moments in time. It gives people something   (1)   to remember when they   (2)   in their lives. But it is so much more than a picture or an object you can put in a shoebox. It captures an emotional memory, and it just   (3)   with people. “We are Young” is a   (4)   whose tune is going to stick with people. The inspirational feeling it has will   (5)   a lot to people and sometimes may even change people’s lives. The   (6)   of music will give people a real, solid thing to hold in their heart, something to make the   (7)   of their memories that much brighter.

Music can also do something for the   (8)   side of the human experience. When my world gets   (9)   and I feel that it’s hard to go on, it’s the passion of music that gives me the   (10)   to go on to the next day. From the guitar notes and the singer’s sad voice, I can hear and know that I’m not the only one that has gone through this   (11)  .

What I get   (12)   music is another thing that music gives people. When you go through something in your lives - feelings from the   (13)   of loved ones- you will   (14)   music for help. It’s that much   (15)   to get through those times when you know you are not   (16)   in what you are feeling. It’s the lyrics (歌词) and music that help you to get through   (17)   times.

Music is just one of those things that really mean something to people. It is the sounds and   feelings that make up people’s  (18)  . It is the most human art form   (19)   it deals with the feelings that are the most important   (20)   of the human experience.

No one knows who was the first one to think of riding bikes in the mountains. The   (1)   just seemed fun. The first mountain bikers were from Colorado and Northern California. They had   (2)   done their riding on main roads. Then some of the cyclists   (3)   the mountains nearby. Why not   (4)   on the paths there, too?

The   (5)   was that racing bikes weren’t strong enough. For   (6)   riding, you need a   (7)   bike. It has to have wide tires to hold onto dirt roads, and the bike itself has to be higher off the ground. Stores didn’t   (8)   that kind of bike then, so the cyclists   (9)   their own. The cyclists found   (10)   bikes that had once been popular by   (11)   second-hand markets. They cleaned them up, added strong handlebars(把手), put on heavy-duty tires and made other  (12)   .

Cyclists in different areas heard about mountain biking, and the movement     (13)   . Soon the mountain bikers were teaching themselves tricky   (14)   , such as jumping their bikes over rocks and stones.

In a short time, mountain bikers raced each other down mountain passes. Sometimes they took it   (15)   and just enjoyed the views---- as if they were doing a hike on a bike. To   (16)   injuries, they began wearing safety equipment.

One winter when there was no snow, mountain bikers in Crested Butte, Colorado,   (17)    a “Fat Tire Festival!” Bicycle companies guessed the sports would become very   (18)  . Almost as soon as the companies began producing them in large numbers, mountain bikes became America’s   (19)   type of bike. They’re comfortable and fun to ride,   (20)    you never ride them off-road, away from main roads.

The 1990s saw great changes in the way people communicate. People could send mail without going to the   (1)  , and go shopping without leaving home.   (2)   like email and download became part of people’s vocabulary. The cause of this great change was the

  (3)  .

The idea for the Internet began in the early 1960s in   (4)  . The Department of Defense（美国国防部）wanted to   (5)   their computers together in order to   (6)   private information. In 1969, the ARPA net(an early form of the Internet) first connected the

  (7)   at four American universities. One computer successfully   (8)   information to another. In 1972, scientists shared ARPA net   (9)   the world. They created a   (10)   to send person-to-person messages using ARPA net. This was the   (11)   of email.

Over the next few years, there was a lot of progress made in the world of computing,

  (12)   most people were not using the Internet. Then, in the 1980s, personal computers became more   (13)  . In the early 1990s,   (14)   important things happened:the birth of the World Wide Web in 1991, and the creation of the   (15)   Web browser（浏览器）in 1993.The web made it   (16)   to find information on the Internet, and to move from place to place   (17)   links. The Web and browser made it possible to see information as a website with pictures, sound, and words.

Today,   (18)   of people connect to the Internet to send email, visit websites, or store information on servers.   (19)   are now an important part of our lives and are changing

  (20)   we learn, work, shop, and communicate.