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            • 1. Anyone who's ever made room for a big milestone of adult life----a job, a marriage, a move----has likely shoved a friendship to the side. After all, there is no contract locking us to the other person, as in marriage, and there are no blood bonds, as in family. We choose our friends, and our friends choose us. That's a really distinctive attribute of friendships.
                  But modern life can become so busy that people forget to keep choosing each other. That's when friendships fade, and there's reason to believe it's happening more than ever. Loneliness is on the rise, and feeling lonely has been found to increase a person's risk of dying early by 26%----and to be even worse for the body than obesity and air pollution. Loneliness damages health in many ways, particularly because it removes the safety net of social support. "When we perceive our world as threatening, that can be associated with an increase in heart rate and blood pressure."
                  The solution is simple: friendship. It helps protect the brain and body from stress, anxiety and depression. "Being around trusted others, in essence, signals safety and security," says Holt-Lunstad. A study last year found that friendships are especially beneficial later in life. Having supportive friends in old age is a stronger predictor of well-being than family ties ----suggesting that the friends you pick may be at least as important as the family you're born into.
                  Easy as the fix may sound, it can be difficult to keep and make friends as an adult. But research suggests that you only need between four and five close pals. If you've ever had a good one, you know hat you're looking for. "The expectations of friends, once you have a mature understanding of friendship, don't really change across the life course," Rawlins says. "People want their close friends to be someone they can talk to and someone they can depend upon."
                  If you're trying to fill a dried-up friendship pool, start by looking inward. Think back to how you met some of your very favorite friends. Volunteering on a political campaign or in a favorite spin class? Playing in a band? "Friendships are always about something," says Rawlins. Common passions help people bond at a personal level, and they bridge people of different ages and life experiences.
                  Whatever you're into, someone else is too. Let your passion guide you toward people. Volunteer, for example, take a new course or join a committee at your community centers. If you like yoga, start going to classes regularly. Fellow dog lovers tend to gather at dog runs. Using apps and social media----like Facebook to find a local book club----is also a good way to find easy-going folks.
                  Once you meet a potential future friend, then comes the scary part: inviting them to do something. "You do have to put yourself out there," says Janice McCabe, associate professor of sociology at Dartmouth College and a friendship researcher. "There's a chance that the person will say no. But there's also the chance they'll say yes, and something really great could happen."
                  The process takes time, and you may experience false starts. Not everyone will want to put in the effort necessary to be a good friend.
                  It's never too late to start being a better pal. The work you put into friendships----both new and old --- will be well worth it for your health and happiness.
              Outline Supporting details
              Problems ●Making friends (1) ______  people of negative feelings, especially benefiting the old. However, quick-paced life robs people of the time to maintain friendship and leads to more occurrences of (2) ______ .
              ●(3) ______  from society makes people mentally and physically unhealthy.
              Solutions ●Be (4) ______  with what you expect of your friends: they should be good listeners and (5) ______ .
              ●(6) ______  on how you built up good friendship.
              ●Follow your heart and make friends with those people with (7) ______ interests
              ●(8) ______  yourself to win a friend by inviting him to do something, not fearing to be (9) ______ .
              Conclusion The more (10) ______  you are to making friends, the healthier and happier you will be.
            • 2. ______ of being forgetful It helps us forget outdated information. ●Making wise decisions involves the existing memories making (5) ______ for the latest information.
              ●Meanwhile, too much contradictory information in memory can do harm to our decisionmaking.●Exercising helps increase neurons, contributing to our (6) ______ decisionmaking. It helps us see the big (7) ______ . ●After (8) ______ the information it gets, the brain chooses to focus on the key points, occasionally forgetting unimportant past details.
              ●Whether to remember or forget particular stuff is (9) ______ by the degree of the consistency of the environment and the (10) ______ of things reappearing later in life. Conclusion Our brains are working smarter when aiming to remember the right stories, not every story.
            • 3. Anyone who's ever made room for a big milestone of adult life----a job, a marriage, a move----has likely shoved a friendship to the side. After all, there is no contract locking us to the other person, as in marriage, and there are no blood bonds, as in family. We choose our friends, and our friends choose us. That's a really distinctive attribute of friendships.
                  But modern life can become so busy that people forget to keep choosing each other. That's when friendships fade, and there's reason to believe it's happening more than ever. Loneliness is on the rise, and feeling lonely has been found to increase a person's risk of dying early by 26%----and to be even worse for the body than obesity and air pollution. Loneliness damages health in many ways, particularly because it removes the safety net of social support. "When we perceive our world as threatening, that can be associated with an increase in heart rate and blood pressure."
                  The solution is simple: friendship. It helps protect the brain and body from stress, anxiety and depression. "Being around trusted others, in essence, signals safety and security," says Holt-Lunstad. A study last year found that friendships are especially beneficial later in life. Having supportive friends in old age is a stronger predictor of well-being than family ties ----suggesting that the friends you pick may be at least as important as the family you're born into.
                  Easy as the fix may sound, it can be difficult to keep and make friends as an adult. But research suggests that you only need between four and five close pals. If you've ever had a good one, you know hat you're looking for. "The expectations of friends, once you have a mature understanding of friendship, don't really change across the life course," Rawlins says. "People want their close friends to be someone they can talk to and someone they can depend upon."
                  If you're trying to fill a dried-up friendship pool, start by looking inward. Think back to how you met some of your very favorite friends. Volunteering on a political campaign or in a favorite spin class? Playing in a band? "Friendships are always about something," says Rawlins. Common passions help people bond at a personal level, and they bridge people of different ages and life experiences.
                  Whatever you're into, someone else is too. Let your passion guide you toward people. Volunteer, for example, take a new course or join a committee at your community centers. If you like yoga, start going to classes regularly. Fellow dog lovers tend to gather at dog runs. Using apps and social media----like Facebook to find a local book club----is also a good way to find easy-going folks.
                  Once you meet a potential future friend, then comes the scary part: inviting them to do something. "You do have to put yourself out there," says Janice McCabe, associate professor of sociology at Dartmouth College and a friendship researcher. "There's a chance that the person will say no. But there's also the chance they'll say yes, and something really great could happen."
                  The process takes time, and you may experience false starts. Not everyone will want to put in the effort necessary to be a good friend.
                  It's never too late to start being a better pal. The work you put into friendships----both new and old --- will be well worth it for your health and happiness.
              Outline Supporting details
              Problems ●Making friends (1) ______  people of negative feelings, especially benefiting the old. However, quick-paced life robs people of the time to maintain friendship and leads to more occurrences of (2) ______ .
              ●(3) ______  from society makes people mentally and physically unhealthy.
              Solutions ●Be (4) ______  with what you expect of your friends: they should be good listeners and (5) ______ .
              ●(6) ______  on how you built up good friendship.
              ●Follow your heart and make friends with those people with (7) ______  interests
              ●(8) ______  yourself to win a friend by inviting him to do something, not fearing to be (9) ______ .
              Conclusion The more (10) ______  you are to making friends, the healthier and happier you will be.
            • 4. The Science of Risk-Seeking
              Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward,the risk seems worth tasking.(71)     Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why?Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
              The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better at hunting,fighting,or exploring.(72)    As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next,humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
              So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then?Well,even 200,000years ago,too much risk-taking could get one Killed.A few daring survived,though,along with a few stay-in-the-cave types.As a result,humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing,or maybe you hate it. (73)    
              No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range,scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.(74)    To help you do that,your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks,so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
              Mean taking some risks,so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.
              (75)     For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active,while for the rest of us,a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
              As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking,we’ll continue to hit the mountains,the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

              A.It all depends on your character.
              B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.
              C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
              D.Thus,these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
              E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
              F.However,we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
              G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
            • 5. Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.(36)     In general,they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.
              One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.(37)     Between the ages of about 12and 50,women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力).These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow.In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
              (38)    They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example:women,on average,get fewer colds than men.(39)    Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging,but they believe that they do.Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s.Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.(40)    

              A.However,women,on average,live longer.
              B.The biological factor plays an important part.
              C.Women are also helped by their female genes.
              D.The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
              E.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
              F.Therefore,women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.
              G.Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.
            • 6. The average computer user has between 5 and 15 username/password combinations to log in different kinds of accounts.Some demand you use a specific number of symbols and digits,while others require you to change your password every 60 days.The feeling of confusion resulting from memorizing these login information has grown so common that it actually has a name:password fatigue(疲劳).
              Having to remember so many different passwords is annoying,but it can also be dangerous.Because it is virtually impossible to remember a unique password for each of these accounts,many people leave handwritten lists of usernames and passwords on or next to their computers.
              (71)    While these practices make it easier to remember login information,they also make it easier for thieves to hack into accounts.
              Single Sign-On (SSO) confirmation and password management software can help solve this problem.With SSO,users only need to remember one password to log in to the main system.
              (72)    SSO software is typically used by large companies,schools,or libraries.
              (73)    If a user loses or forgets the password required to log in to SSO software,the user will then lose access to all of the applications linked to the SSO account.Users who rely on password management software face the same problems.
              Although most websites or network systems allow users to recover or change lost passwords by providing email addresses or answering a prompt(提示),this process can waste time and cause further frustration.What is more,recovering a forgotten password is only a temporary solution.
              (74)    
              Some computer scientists have suggested computers rely on biometrics(生物测定学).(75)     The use of biometrics raises questions concerning privacy and can also be expensive to practice.
               Software engineers and computer security experts are still searching for the cure to password fatigue.Until they find the perfect solution,however,everyone will simply have to rely on the password system currently in place.

              A.It does not address the larger problem of password fatigue.
              B.These software programs have been built into many major web browsers
              C.The problem with password management software makes users feel powerless.
              D.The SSO software then automatically logs the user in to other accounts within the system.
              E.However,SSO confirmation and password management software also have drawbacks.
              F.This is a method of recognizing human users based on unique traits,such as fingerprints,voice,or DNA.
              G.Others solve this problem by using the same password for every account or using extremely simple passwords.
            • 7. 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.
              Personal Shoppers
                I was shopping with Thomas,who has been working as a personal shopper for the past five years.“Personal shoppers are in great demand these days,”he told me as we were walking past designer clothes shops.(51)    He said that there were many people who wanted to be fashionable,but they didn’t know where to start.They needed a professional to advise them.
                But why?I always call my best friend to help me find the perfect dress,not a stranger!
              “(52)     The first thing I do is help my customer improve their image.I teach them to choose colours and clothes that suit them,and how to use make-up,”Thomas told me.“Then I organize the customer’s wardrobe.(53)    The third service has to do with actual shopping:the personal shopper and the customer visit shops and buy clothes according to the customer’s personality,lifestyle and needs.”
                Of course,each of the above services costs between 150 and 225 euros!(54)    “Most of my customers are rich business people who call me for important meetings or business parties,”explained Thomas.“However,I also work for people in all kinds of jobs and for retired men and women who want a change of look.”
                We spent the rest of the day shopping.Every time we came out of a shop,we had one more bag.In the end,I went home with a beautiful dress,two pairs of trousers,some lovely tops and a couple of coats.I’d never had a shopping day like this before!I admit that I’d spent more than I usually do,but I wouldn’t have found such beautiful clothes without Thomas.(55)    

              A.I can help in three different ways.
              B.I asked him why this had happened.
              C.It depends on the customer's preferences.
              D.I might even throw away some old clothes.
              E.I just wish personal shoppers were a bit cheaper!
              F.People need help with choosing the right clothes.
              G.I just wonder how many people have this kind of money to spend.
            • 8. While many Americans hope the new stimulus(刺激) package will provide some relief in the year ahead,many who were recently laid off or are facing layoffs are looking for a more immediate solution,such as a new job.But,according to Josh Klapow,clinical psychologist at the University of Alabama Birmingham School of Public Health,a clear mind is the first step to finding a new job.
              "After a job loss,a person's memory and concentration can be weakened.Within the first 24hours of being laid off,the best thing to do is doing nothing,"said Klapow."I encourage people to just cool it."
              According to Klapow,many people tend to over-think their situation,which may lead to anxiety,and difficult sleeping and concentrating.Instead of letting your thoughts race,Klapow suggests writing a list of tasks.
              "Write down everything you think you may need to do,then make a list,"he said."It gets your thoughts out of your head and onto a piece of paper."
              Once your mind is clear,and the list is in front of you,you can start from the top and do one thing at a time,he said.
              Not having to prepare for work in the morning may no longer be an excuse to watch the morning hours tick away from under the covers.
              Staying in bed allows anxiety and guilt to build up within oneself,he said.Getting a start to the day keeps away the negative thoughts associated with losing a job,and allows you to work on applying of other positions and getting things done.
              Getting up early may not seem appealing if there isn't much to do.Taking part in activities or taking on projects that would have previously cut into work hours is a good way to stay positive.
              Activities can include exercising,volunteering,or attending career fairs.These can not only improve your emotional well-being,but also help you discover opportunities you may not have found if you stayed at home.
              "We have the tendency to think of problems as permanent,but they always get resolved in the end,"said Klapow."The important thing is for a person not to go downhill and stay there."
              Laughter is the best medicine,as the saying goes.And although laughter may not bring a nation out of a recession(经济衰退),it can bring about a positive outlook.According to Klapow,laughing can improve your physiological(生理的) response to losing a job.

              71.    72.    73.    74.    75.    76.    77.    78.    79.    80.    
            • 9. Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym.Scientific investigations(调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together.Ideas are shared,experiments are designed,data are analyzed,and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators.Group work is necessary,and is usually more productive than working alone.
              Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates.Whatever the task your group is assigned(分配),a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience.
              What comes first is to keep an open mind,because everyone's ideas deserve(值得) consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution.
              Secondly,it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members.Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths.
              Thirdly,always work together,take turns,and encourage each other by listening,clarifying,and trusting one another.Mutual(相互的) support and trust often make a great difference.
              Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups.Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities:Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her,and everyone knows exactly when,why and what to do; take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning,though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.
              When there is research to be done,divide the topic into several areas,and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way.You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person,which helps you trace(追踪) back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.A format for exchanging information (e.g.,photocopies of notes,oral discussion,etc.) is also important,for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood.When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue,allow for the contributions of each member of the group.Most important of all,it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.
              After you've completed a task with your team,make an evaluation of the team's effectiveness-the strengths and weaknesses,opportunities and challenges.
              TitleWorking Together
              ThemeEffective performance needs highly cooperated (61)    
              General rules•Keep an open mind to everyone's (62)    
              •Divide the group task among group members.
              •(63)     and trust each other.
              (64)    •Understand and agree to the(65)    task of one's own.
              •Take turns doing various tasks.
              •Show concern for others to ensure safety.
              •Take(66)    for one's own learning.
              •Compare your own observations with those of others.
              Explore an issue•Break the (67)    into several areas.
              •Keep records of the sources just in (68)    
              •(69)     your information with others via proper format.
              •Make all decisions by compromise and agreement.
              (70)    
              effectiveness
              •Analyze the strengths and weaknesses.
              •Find out the opportunities and challenges.
            • 10. Third-generation mobile phones,known as 3G,are the next big step for the telecom industry.Data speed in 3G networks is much quicker than that in present technology.This means users can have high-speed Internet access and enjoy video and CD-quality music on their phones.
              "Mobile data is not a dream; it's not an option but a requirement,"said Len Lauer,head of a U.S.Communications company,Sprint PCS,at a 3G conference in Bangkok earlier this month.
              With 3G,you can forget about text messages telling you yesterday's news; a 3G phone can receive video news programs,updated four times a day.Internet access will also be much quicker,making it easier to surf the Web on your phone than on your computer at home.
              Face-to-Face video calls
              Don't worry about getting lost,3G phones offer map services so you can find a new restaurant just by pressing a few keys on your handset.
              However,the most impressive part of 3G technology is video calling.With live two-way video communication,you can have face-to-face talks with friends and family on your mobile phone.
              Many European countries have already launched the services.In May 2000the U.S.Government issued five license to run 3G wireless services,while the first 3G phones arrived in Italy in March this year.
              International telecom companies can't wait to sell 3G in China,the world's largest mobile telecommunications market.But they will have to be patient.At the moment,China is busy testing its 3G-based technologies,networks and services.This will be followed by a trial period before the phones can finally hit the shops.
              "We need to create a pool of 3G customers before the large-scale commercial launch of the service,"said Fan Yunjun,marketing manager for Beijing Mobile."We expect that the 3G licences will be issued late next year."

              Third-generation mobile phones (3G mobile phones)
              (71)    14.Data speed:(72)     than presnet technology.
              15.Video and (73)     music.
              16.Video news programs:(74)    four times a day.
              17.Internet access:quicker and (75)    
              Impressive functionsa.Offer(76)     services,helping you find way.
              b.Provide two-way video(77)    
              3G phones in Chinaa.China is busy(78)    its 3G-based technologies,Networks and servies.
              b.3G phones should go through a (79)    period Before being put into market.
              c.3G phones are expected to be seen (80)    next year.
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