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            • 1． If you are in a crowd，the first and most important thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings and mentally notice alternate exits．（16） ______
              Make yourself aware of the type of ground you are standing on，and know that in a crowd of moving people wet or uneven ground can be slippery or hazardous，causing you to fall．
              （17） ______ When in danger，a few seconds can make all the difference，giving you the possibility of taking advantage of escaping route．Always stay closer to the escape route．
              If you find yourself in the middle of a moving crowd，do not fight against the pressure，do not stand still or sit down，because you could easily get trampled．（18） ______
              Take advantage of any space that may open up to move sideways to the crowd movement where the flow is weaker．
              Keep your hands up by your chest，like a boxer-it gives you movement and protects your chest．（19） ______ If you cannot get up because you are injured，get someone to pull you back up．If you have kids，lift them up．
              If you fall and cannot get up，keep moving by crawling in the same direction of the crowd，or if that is not possible，then cover your head with your arms and curl up into fetal position．（20） ______
              A．Be aware of the general atmosphere of the event，as panic situations can often be expected．
              B．There is always space between people．
              C．Do not lie on your stomach or back，as this dangerously exposes your lungs．
              D．The worst is to be pushed by the crowd against an immovable object
              E．If you fall，get up quickly．
              F．No matter where you are，make sure you always know how to get out．
              G．Instead，move in the same direction of the crowd．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 2． Part of the challenge in becoming better at a teaching job is getting to know the range of tools available．The following information focuses on what materials and equipment are available to make language teaching more effective．
              The dictionary
              The dictionary is a very handy tool．（36） ______ But sometimes，it can be in a large enough size to sit down for dinner at!They can be in hard or soft covers，corpus or non-corpus based，in book，pocket computer or CD-ROM form．
              The board
              The board is another standard piece of equipment that we may use often．There are all sort s of boards，such as flannel boards and black and green boards．（37） ______ Whiteboards of all sizes，from no bigger than a poster to those covering an entire wall，can be available in the market．
              The box of rods
              Apart from the above two common tools，the rods are slightly more unusual in the tool box．Manufactured by the Cuisenaire Company and originally used for teaching maths，rods are little sticks in ten different colors．（38） ______
              The picture pack
              （39） ______ You can select them for their beauty，strangeness，humor or other reasons．A picture pack can be used to review vocabulary，play guessing game，create stories and so on．（40） ______
              The music tape
              Music is universal．Ask students to listen with their eyes closed and see what mental pictures they get．Not only can it create a good learning environment，but also it makes students more imaginative．

              A．Collect about 50pictures cut from magazines．
              B．Whiteboards are particularly used most．
              C．Dictionary is very important in learning language．
              D．Usually，dictionaries can be in a small pocket size．
              E．In this way，students can study more effectively．
              F．A picture pack is lightweight and portable．
              G．Later，they became popular in language teaching．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 3． Like many students，Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off：he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen．And yet，（51）     all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace，many recent graduates say that they struggle with the（52）     from classroom to career world and have difficulty （53）     life on the job．
              Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case．Lewis believes that most of our school experiences-from childhood through university-are fairly （54）    ，while life in the working world is far more uncertain．In school，（55）    ，the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year．In the workplace，however，constant（56）     is the norm，and one has to adapt quickly．
              Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are （57）     to think analytically．In school，many students including those in college，spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they"learned"on tests．But in the workplace employees"are often expected to think critically and make （58）     about their work，not just follow a supervisor's instructions．"Less time needs to be spent in school on testing，says one recent report，and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information，solve problems，and communicate their ideas effectively-skills that will prepare them to succeed in today's workplace．
              Finally，many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to （59）     on the job．In the workplace，employees must regularly （60）     with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success．In other words，if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project，that employee's （61）     not only depends on his hard work and expertise，but also on how well his colleagues perform．Knowing how to participate effectively in teamwork-and deal with problems when they arise-is extremely important，and yet，it is also something many students don't get quite（62）     to in a school setting．
              How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace？Recent graduates，looking back on their educational experience，have some （63）    ．Many think that all students should be required to do an internship （实习） while they are in school．Volunteering part time at a company，hospital，or government organization，for example，can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world．（64）     this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction，say the graduates，will help prepare students for the （65）     of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful．

              51．A．with regard toB．thanks toC．in spite ofD．in view of
              52．A．actionB．shiftC．routineD．variety
              53．A．turning toB．reacting toC．adjusting toD．seeing to
              54．A．predictableB．considerableC．accessibleD．flexible
              55．A．howeverB．in additionC．for exampleD．in return
              56．A．changeB．reminderC．predictionD．difficulty
              57．A．encouragedB．unpreparedC．entitledD．undetermined
              58．A．predictionsB．targetsC．decisionsD．inquiries
              59．A．independenceB．performanceC．competitionD．teamwork
              60．A．argueB．bargainC．identifyD．interact
              61．A．successB．ambitionC．completionD．purpose
              62．A．attachedB．exposedC．relatedD．addicted 
              63．A．patienceB．adviceC．expectationD．relief
              64．A．PairingB．ChargingC．InvolvingD．Rewarding
              65．A．availabilityB．possibilitiesC．invasionD．realities
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 4． Teaching in front of a camera
              Wageningen University is keen on developing forms of education that reach people all over the world．The basics of the course topics are covered in short films and three-minute to seven-minute presentations （33）     （ use ） techniques such as animationand voiceover （ 画外音 ）．
              The online Master's programmes are quite different from the large-scale MOOCs （在线课程 ），explains Busstra．In the Master's courses，the short"knowledge clips"（ 短片 ） dealing with the essential topics（34）     （ link ） to an assignment directly to help the students actively absorbthe knowledge themselves．Teachers can also use them to test （35）     the material has come across well．Busstra says："The teacher has to think up new ways of working---getting students to make a film clip，for instance，（36）     they present a research setup they have thought up themselves，or to respond to someone else's idea，or to work on a document in groups．"The students also get the chance to post a question while they are watching an online film---equivalent of putting your hand up during a lecture．Fellow students and teachers can then answer the question online．"There are a lot of misunderstandings about online education，"says Busstra，"one of them being （37）     there is only one way communication．（38）    people are gradually gaining confidence in it．It will stay typically Wageningen：small-scale and based on interaction and group work．"
              The investment （39）     online learning is paying off in the regular education programme too，according to Busstra．Students in Wageningen can pick up the basics at home through the knowledge clips．During lectures，teachers（40）     then provide more in-depth analysis，talk about their own work and supervise students more personally．"Increasingly，on-campus and online education will no longer be two separate worlds，"expects Busstra．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 5． A great many people are disappointed because of unrealistic expectations．
              Walking up to a department store's（1）    counter，an attractive young woman said，"I want to buy this material for a new dress．How much does it cost？"
              "Only one（2）    per yard，"replied the smirking （自鸣得意的） male clerk．
              Not to be taken back by the funny words，the woman said，"That's fine!I'll take ten yards．"
              With（3）      written all over his face，the clerk hurriedly（4）      out and wrapped the cloth，and then held it out teasingly，leaning forward to receive his"（5）    "．
              The woman got the package quickly from the clerk and pointed to a little old（6）      standing beside her．"Grandpa will pay the bill instead of me，"she（7）    ．
              He was no doubt disappointed．But in the course of living，many people are（8）     when others do not（9）    their expectations．In order to be happy，some expectations must be dropped．These three particular（10）    and unhealthy expectations are some of the main causes：
              1．Expect too much（11）    ．When others say，"Thank you，"or in any way to show their gratitude，be happy．It is a gift!
              2．Expect others to make you happy．They simply cannot do that．Make yourself happy and
              （12）    your joy with others．
              3．Expect no to be（13）    ．At times，people will simply not come through for you in the way you need．（14）    them and move on．
              Get rid of these three unrealistic expectations and you can begin to expect more（15）    right away!

              1．A．computerB．clothC．receptionistD．clothes
              2．A．kissB．payC．dollarD．yuan
              3．A．happinessB．enjoymentC．expectationD．courage
              4．A．measuredB．carriedC．brokeD．burst
              5．A．budgetB．paymentC．rewardD．money
              6．A．guardB．manC．sculptorD．scholar
              7．A．smiledB．beggedC．wavedD．thought
              8．A．encouragedB．disappointedC．annoyedD．surprised
              9．A．live up toB．go againstC．go withoutD．hope for
              10．A．reasonableB．properC．unimportantD．unrealistic
              11．A．profitB．kissC．appreciationD．disappointment
              12．A．spareB．shareC．makeD．control
              13．A．put downB．let downC．taken downD．thrown down
              14．A．ForgiveB．PunishC．BlameD．Praise
              15．A．happinessB．encouragementC．excitementD．pride．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 6． Why do young adult children become independent so much later than they did in 1970，when the average age of independent living was 21？Why have reduced class sizes and increased per-pupil expenditures （花销）not （36）     higher academic achievement levels？Why is the mental health of today's kids so poor when （37）     with that of children in the 1960s and before？Why do today's （38）     become defensive when told by teachers that their children have misbehaved in school？
              The answer in two words：parental （39）    ．Those two words best summarize the （40）     between"old"child raising and new，post-1960s parenting．Then，the overall philosophy was that parents were not to be （41）     involved with their kids．They were available （42）     crisis，but they stood a （an） （43）    distance from their kids and allowed them to experience the benefits of the trial-and-error process．It was the child's （44）    ，back then，to keep his or her parents from getting involved．That was （45）     children learned to be responsible and determined．
              Today's parents help their kids with almost everything．These are parents who are （46）    when it comes to an understanding of their purpose in their kids，lives．Their involvement leads them to personalize everything that happens to their kids； （47）    ，the defensiveness．But given that schools and mental health professionals have been pushing parent involvement for nearly four decades，the confusion and defensiveness are （48）    ．
              University researchers analyzed three decades of data relating to parent participation in children's academics．Their conclusions （49）     what I've been saying since the 1980s：parental help with homework （50）     a child's academic achievement and is not reflected on standardized tests．
              Parents who manage a child's social life interfere with the （51）     of good social skills．Parents who manage a child's after-school activities grow kids who don't know how to （52）     their own free time．Parents who get involved in their kids，（53）     with peers grow kids who don't know how to avoid much less trouble．
              These kids have anxieties and fears of all sorts and don't want to leave their （54）    ．And their parents，when the time comes，don't know how to （55）     being parents．You can imagine what will become of their future．

              36．A．counted onB．resulted inC．touched onD．taken in
              37．A．associatedB．linkedC．comparedD．matched
              38．A．parentsB．adolescentsC．psychologistsD．youths
              39．A．assistanceB．protectionC．involvementD．preference
              40．A．differencesB．similaritiesC．choicesD．relations
              41．A．slightlyB．passivelyC．highlyD．fairly
              42．A．in case ofB．in spite ofC．in view ofD．in fear of
              43．A．equalB．safeC．longD．short
              44．A．faultB．turnC．jobD．attitude
              45．A．whenB．howC．whyD．what
              46．A．confusedB．disappointedC．amazedD．satisfied
              47．A．howeverB．stillC．yetD．thus
              48．A．unreasonableB．changeableC．understandableD．avoidable
              49．A．confirmedB．convincedC．realizedD．reflected
              50．A．decidesB．lowersC．helpsD．stimulates
              51．A．appearanceB．performanceC．establishmentD．development
              52．A．valueB．devoteC．fillD．save
              53．A．communicationB．conflictsC．cooperationD．competitions
              54．A．homeB．schoolC．careerD．profession
              55．A．startB．ignoreC．considerD．stop
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 7． The Bystander Effect
              The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present，the less likely people are to help a person in distress．When an emergency situation occurs，observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．Being part of a large crowd makes it so no single person has to take responsibility for an action （or inaction）．
              The most frequently cited example of the bystander effect in introductory psychology textbooks is the brutal murder of a young woman named Catherine"Kitty"Genovese．On Friday，March 13，1964，28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance，she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．
              Despite Genovese's repeated calls for help，none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police to report the incident．The attack first began at 3：20AM，but it was not until 3：50AM that someone first contacted police．
              While Genovese's case has been subject to numerous misrepresentations and inaccuracies，there have been numerous other cases reported in recent years．The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society，but why exactly does it happen？Why don't we help when we are part of a crowd？
              There are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First，the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility．Because there are other observers，individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action，since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．
              The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to intervene if the situation is ambiguous．In the case of Kitty Genovese，many of the 38witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a"lover's quarrel，"and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
              Characteristics of the situation can play a role．During a crisis，things are often chaotic and the situation is not always crystal clear．Onlookers might wonder exactly what is happening．During such chaotic moments，people often look to others in the group to determine what is appropriate．When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting，it sends a signal that perhaps no action is needed．
              So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction？Some psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle．When faced with a situation that requires action，understanding how the bystander effect might be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help．However，this does not mean you should place yourself in danger．
              But what if you are the person in need of assistance？How can you inspire people to lend a hand？One often-recommended tactic is to single out one person from the crowd．Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help．By personalizing and individualizing your request，it becomes much harder for people to turn you down．
              The Bystander Effect
              Passage outline Supporting details
              Concept of the
              bystander effect
              The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others keeps an individual
              from becoming （71） ______ in an emergency situation．

              It is obvious that the bystander effect can greatly influence（72） ______ behavior．
              Typical example In 1964，a young woman named Genovese met with violence and her life was
              （73） ______ outside her apartment，while bystanders who observed the
              crime did not step in to assist or call the police．
              （74） ______
              for the bystander
              effect
              Individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of （75） ______ in
              front of a large group of people．

              Before deciding to offer help，observers may want to make（76） ______ that
              it is appropriate to react．Besides，there is a natural （77） ______ for people
              to follow the crowd before the situation is clear．
              （78） ______ of
              the bystander
              effect
              You should realize or know the （79） ______ of the bystander effect and take
              measures to get rid of it．

              When in need of help，you should （80） ______ one from the crowd，which
              Will increase your chance of getting your request across and being helped．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 8． Are you new to experiencing relationships？Well，let me give you advice on how to have a healthy relationship with your partner．
              （1）Be an honest person with them．Do not hide things from them，do not lie．Don't be afraid to say things that isn't very flattering about yourself．Getting them to trust you is the most important element in any relationship．If there's no trust，there's nothing there．（36） ______
              （2）Make sure you give them respect．Now respect isn't just simply treating her or him nicely．（37） ______ You have to learn to adjust to their liking．Basically，learn to study your partners moods，wants，and needs．
              Don't just think about yourself，think about what your partner needs out of it as well．
              （3）Make sure you are encouraging to your partner．Always be willing to help them and give them honesty and positivity at the same time．Make them feel you are someone they can really count on and build a future with．（38） ______
              Make sure you have a good sense of humor with them．Laughter is the key to happiness．Laugh a lot with them，joke with them．Laughter may seem silly，but it's the secret to a lot in life．It will keep the sparks alive．（39） ______
              Make sure the communication is good．This usually goes along with trust，but always communicate how you feel，even if it's something that upsets you．（40） ______ If they did something that made you unhappy，tell them about it in a respectful manner．It's important to communicate this to them，not keep it bottled up．

              A．There's a lot more to it．
              Show them your personality．
              C．Instead of screaming，talk to them．
              D．Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting．
              E．So please be honest and they'll learn to open up to you．
              F．Don't start to neglect them and make them feel unwanted．
              G．Your partner has to be able to count on you when needed．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 9． High school students in Asia often do better than American students on international math and science tests．Experts say （1）     is because schools in countries like China and South Korea do better at preparing students to take tests．Yet some of these （2）     countries want to learn what makes American students good at （3）     and critical thinking．
              Evan Glazer，the principal of Thomas Jefferson High School in America，says the school （4）     science and math with literature and other liberal arts．
              EVAN GLAZER："Curriculum，when it's seen within one （5）     context，you're really just （6）     knowledge and skills．But if you want to look at the complexity of real problems and （7）     solutions，it requires people to come at them from different （8）    ．And so we foster （培养） a lot of team teaching，（9）    with teachers from different （10）     so that，when they're offering challenges to students，that they have （11）    view-points as they approach problems．"
              He points out that as East Asian countries consider greater （12）     for their schools，American education is （13）     in the opposite direction．Most states have recently approved （14）     standards in math and reading．
              Evan Glazer："In China and in Korea there is a strong interest in trying to get students to be more creative．And in America there is a strong interest in standardization．And，you know，the reality is we don't operate （15）    ．It's trying to find that right balance．"

              1．A．absolutelyB．partlyC．hardlyD．impossibly
              2．A．poorB．smallC．sameD．ancient
              3．A．creativityB．argumentC．relaxationD．independence
              4．A．confusesB．examinesC．evaluatesD．combines
              5．A．popularB．usefulC．scientificD．particular
              6．A．developingB．inventingC．destroyingD．considering
              7．A．difficultB．originalC．idealD．easy
              8．A．moodsB．spiritsC．anglesD．theories
              9．A．talkedB．agreedC．comparedD．mixed
              10．A．countriesB．subjectsC．agesD．religions
              11．A．variousB．sameC．unbelievableD．enough
              12．A．tasksB．freedomC．pressureD．disciplines
              13．A．lostB．refusedC．headedD．stopped
              14．A．usualB．ordinaryC．rightD．common
              15．A．oppositelyB．willinglyC．properlyD．eagerly
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 10．

                  Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation (诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.

              Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?

              To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation (背诵) of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox (非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention. So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.

              On the whole, Brooks’ story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’ attempt to translate his tale into science.

              (1) What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (No more than 10 words)
              _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (2) Why does Brooks use a story to introduce scientific theories? (No more than 15 words)

              _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

              (3) According to The Social Animal, how can we learn about the science of child development? (No more than 10 words)

              ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

              (4) Please explain the underlined word “weighty” in English. (No more than 1 word)

              ______________________________________________________________________                                                                                                      _

              (5) Do you like Brooks’ way of dealing with science in The Social Animal? Why? (No more than 20 words)

              _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

              难度：较难
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