1． One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar．“Brutus was not an honorable man，”he said．“He was a traitor（叛徒）．And he murdered someone in cold blood．”The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him．He made a bad decision，they said-at least as it was presented by Shakespeare-to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar．And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind，Caesar was nevertheless his superior．“You have to endeavor，”the executives said，“our policy is to obey the chain of command．”
During the last few years，business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends．None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman，well-known advisers to the White House，who started up a training company called“Movers and Shakespeares”．They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers，and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business．They conduct between 30and 40workshops annually，focusing on half a dozen different plays，mostly for corporations，but also for government agencies．
The workshops all take the same form，focusing on a single play as a kind of case study，and using individual scenes as specific lessons．In Julius Caesar，sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism．
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature，the programmes，contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background．Their workshop on Henry V，for example，includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt．But they do come to the text with a few biases （偏向）：their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power．Instead，they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader．And at the workshop on Caesar，Mr．Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus，saying“the noblest Roman of them all”couldn’t make his mind up about things．
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride，which led to his murder，and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the  after the murder，they said，raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss？

73．According to paragraph 1，what did all the executives think of Brutus？    ．
A．Cruel．
B．Superior．
C．Honourable．
D．Rude
74．According to the passage，the Adelmans set up“Movers and Shakespeares”to    ．
A．help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better
B．give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays
C．provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops
D．guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays．
75．Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V？    
A．To highlight the importance of catching opportunities．
B．To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win．
C．To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management．
D．To warn executives against power misuse．
76．It can be inferred from the passage that    ．
A．the Adelmans’programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized．
B．executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays．
C．the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars．
D．Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field．
77．The best title for the passage is    ．
A．Shakespeare’s plays：Executives reconsider corporate culture
B．Shakespeare’s plays：An essential key to business success
C．Shakespeare’s plays：a lesson for business motivation
D．Shakespeare’s plays：Dramatic training brings dramatic results．

2． 阅读理解。
      Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent (潜流) of conversation at Einstein memorial
meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will appear, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all,
more than 200 years separated Einstein from Isaac Newton.
      Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn't been born yet, or is a baby now. That's because the search
for a unified theory that would explain all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits.
New math must be created after the problem can be solved.
      But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein appearing anytime soon.
For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein's day, there were a few thousand physicists
worldwide, and the theorists who could argue with Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to
spare. Education is different, too. One key aspect of Einstein's training that-is little noticed is the years of
philosophy he read as a teenager-Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think
independently about space and time and it wasn't long before he became a philosopher himself.
      And Einstein was a clever musician. The interplay between music and math is well-known. Einstein would
play his violin hard as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.
      Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren't many jobs in science for them, so
they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills. Those who stay in science don't work
alone and they sometimes do experiment together which takes years. 
      It's hard to imagine a renegade (背叛者) like Einstein standing it. "Maybe there is an Einstein out there
today," said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, "but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard."
1. According to the second paragraph, the next Einstein will _____.

A. have to create new math
B. create a unified theory
C. have to be born now
D. push math to its limits
2. The underlined words "knotty" in the fourth paragraph means _____.

A. easy
B. interesting
C. strange
D. difficult
3. Which of the following will be useful for the next Einstein to be born?

A. There will be music around.
B. There will be no problems to solve.
C. There will be suitable philosophy to study.
D. There are only a few physicists.
4. The bold words "unified theory" in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. agreement
B. mathematical rule
C. unique idea
D. physical saying

3． 阅读理解。
      Who taught you to speak English? Your parents, while you were a young child? Your teachers at
school? Perhaps even the BBC as a grown-up. Whoever it was, somehow you have developed an
understanding of what is rapidly becoming a truly global language.
     There are now about 376 million people who speak English as their first language and about the same
number who have learnt it besides their mother tongue. It is said there are one billion people learning
English now and about 80% of the information on the Internet is in English. 
     Is this a good thing, or a bad thing? Should we celebrate the fact that more and more of us can
communicate, using a common language, across countries and cultures? Or should we worry about
the dangers of "mono-culturalism", a world in which we all speak the same language, eat the same food
and listen to the same music? 
     Does it matter if an increasing number of people speak the same language? On the contrary (相反),
I would have thought-although I have never accepted the argument that if only we all understood each
other better, there would be fewer wars. Ask the people of India (where many of them speak at least
some English) and Pakistan (the same situation with India)…
     If we all speak English, will we then all start eating McDonald's burgers? Surely not. If English
becomes more dominant (占主导地位的), it will kill other languages? I doubt it. When I travel in Africa
or Asia, I am always surprised by how many people can speak not only their own language but also one
or more other related languages, as well as English and perhaps some French or German as well.
     When we discussed this on Talking Point a couple of years ago, we received a wonderfully poetic
email from a listener in Ireland. "The English language is a beautiful language. Maybe it's like a rose," he
said. "But who would ever want their garden just full of roses?"
     Well, I love roses, and I think they make a beautiful addition to any garden. But the way I see it, just
by planting a few roses, you don't necessarily need to pull out everything else. If more and more people
want to plant English roses, that's fine by me.
1. By saying "Ask the people of India … and Pakistan" (in Paragraph 4), the author is trying to show
    that _____.

A. speaking the same language doesn't necessarily bring peace
B. wars can destroy the relationship between two countries
C. English doesn't kill other languages
D. English is widely used in the world
2. What does "rose" in the last two paragraphs stand for?

A. The world
B. Family
C. Language
D. The Earth
3. The author would probably agree that _____.

A. it's very hard to plant many kinds of flowers in a garden
B. it's good for people from other countries to learn English
C. more and more people like to plant roses in their gardens
D. English is easier to learn than other languages
4. This passage is mainly about _____.

A. why English has become a global language
B. how many people in the world speak English
C. how people in the world learn English as a foreign language
D. whether we need to worry about English being a world language

4． 阅读理解。
     Canada is a very large country. It is the second largest country in the world. By contrast it has a very small
population. There are only about 29 million people there. Most Canadians are of British or French origin, and
French is an official language of Canada as well as English. About 45%of the people are of British origin, that
is, they or their parents or grandparents, etc, come from British. Nearly 30%are of French origin. Most of the
French-Canadians live in province of Quebec.
     Over the years, people have come to live in Canada from many countries in the world. They are from many
countries in the world. They are from most European countries and also from China, besides other Asian
countries.
     However, Canada was not an empty country when the Europeans began to arrive. Canadian Indians lived
along the coast, by the rivers and lakes and in forests. Today, there are only about 350 000 Indians in the
whole country, with their own languages. In the far north live the Inuit. There are only 27 000 Canadian-Inuit.
Their life is hard in such a difficult climate.
1. About ____ live in Quebec.

A. 30% of the French-Canadians
B. 45% of the Canadians
C. 29 000 000 people
D. 8 700 000 French -Canadians
2. The official languages of Canada are ____.

A. English and Chinese
B. French and English
C. Indian and French
D. Chinese and Inuit
3. The word "origin" in the passage means ____.

A. 血统
B. 后裔
C. 先驱
D. 猿人
4. About 23% of people came from ____.

A. China
B. England
C. France
D. some other countries except France and Britain
5. Which of the following is true according to this passage?

A. There are 27 000 Canadian-Indians in Canada.
B. More than 13 million people have come from Britain and France recent years.
C. There are 30% of the population whose parents or grandparents come from France.
D. There are no people when the Europeans began to arrive in Canada.

5． 阅读理解。
     Crossing Texas and Mexico, the Big Bend region is high in biodiversity (生物的多样性). It's a place so
untamed that if something doesn't bite, stick, or sting, it's probably a rock.
     You know you have arrived in the heart of the Chihuahuan Desert when it feels as if you have fallen off
the edge of the earth and into the rabbit hole. Nothing is as it appears. Moths (蛀虫) are the size of birds.
Are those twin pillars (柱) of black rock (a landmark known as Mule Ear Peaks) ten miles (16 kilometers)
away or fifty (80 kilometers)? Visibility (能见度) reaches more than a hundred miles on a clear day, and
since there are few roads or buildings to use as milestones, distance is difficult to judge. 
    This is a place where water runs uphill, where rainbows have to wait for rain. The line between myth (虚
构的故事) and reality is unclear. Stare long enough at the Chisos Mountains or the Sierra del Carmen, the
two mountain ranges, known as sky islands, which lie on the land, and they rise and float above the plain.
    The vast Chihuahuan Desert is a land of no people. There is always the chance you'll die of thirst. The
"You Can Die" possibilities are endless, and keep some visitors-350,000 a year to Big Bend National Park,
built in 1944-from coming back. Those who do return are left to think of the remarkable courage of the
brave few who have managed to survive in this terrible environment.
1. The underlined word "untamed" in Paragraph 1 means "_____".

A. untouched
B. wild
C. unchanged
D. fresh
2. Why do the twin pillars of black rock seem ten or fifty miles away?

A. They were put so far away.
B. They lie across the Chihuahuan Desert.
C. It is difficult to judge the distance, with few milestones.
D. One lies in the Chisos Mountains, the other in the Sierra del Carmen.
3. How many years are there since the Big Bend National Park was built?

A. 350,000 years.
B. 350 years.
C. 66 years.
D. 44 years.
4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The natural wonders of the Chihuahuan Desert.
B. Everything you see is not what it seems in the Chihuahuan Desert.
C. The terrible environment of deserts in Texas and Mexico.
D. A special place where none who go can return.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. There are all kinds of living things in the Chihuahuan Desert.
B. No people live in the Big Bend region.
C. Nothing is as it appears in the Big Bend region.
D. Traveling in the Big Bend region is dangerous.

6． 阅读理解。
    Can you understand the beginning of this essay? "My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we used 2go2 NY 2C
my bro, his GF & 3 kds FTF."
    The Scottish teacher who received it in class had no idea what the girl who wrote it meant. The essay
was written in a form of English used in cell phones text messages (文本短信). Text messages (also called
SMS) through cell phones became very popular in the late 1990s. At first, mobile phone companies thought
that text messaging would be a good way to send messages to customers, but customers quickly began to
use the text messaging service to send messages to each other. Teenagers in particular enjoyed using text
messaging, and they began to create a new language for messages called "texting".
    A text message is limited to 160 characters, including letters, spaces, and numbers, so messages must be
kept short. In addition, typing on the small keypad of a cell phone is difficult, so it's common to make words
shorter. In texting, a single letter or number can represent a word, like "r" for "are," "u" for "you," and "2" for
"to." Several letters can also represent a phrase, like "lol" for "laughing out loud." Another characteristic of
texting is the leaving out of letters in a word, like spelling "please" as "pls."
    Some parents and teachers worry that texting will make children bad spellers and bad writers. The student
who wrote the essay at the top of this page said writing that way was more comfortable for her. (The essay
said,"My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my
brother, his girlfriend, and their three kids face to face.")
    Not everyone agrees that texting is a bad thing. Some experts say languages always develop, and this is just
another way in which English is changing. Other people believe texting will disappear soon. New technology
for voice messages may soon make text messages a thing of the past.
1. This kind of texting is particularly popular in _____.

A. mobile phone companies
B. parents
C. customers
D. teenagers
2. Which characteristic of texting is NOT described in the passage?
A. Using letters to represents words.
B. Using phrases to represent essay.
C. Using letters to represent phrases.
D. Using numbers to represent words.
3. Which of the following was most probably the title of students' essay?

A. My Smmr Hols
B. CU in LA
C. My GF
D. My G8 Tchr
4. Why aren't some people worried about the effect of texting?

A. Not many people use texting.
B. Spelling in English is too difficult.
C. Teenagers quickly become bored with texting.
D. Texting will disappear because of new technology.
5. Which of the following will probably be the title of the passage?

A. Texting, a way to make words shorter
B. How does texting come into being
C. Texting and different attitudes towards it
D. Main characteristics of texting

7． 阅读理解。
    If you know how to study a glass of wine, it can tell you about its history. Studying a wine involves using
several senses, not just taste.
    First, pour the wine into a glass and look at it. Color can tell a lot about the kind of grapes, where the wine
is from and its age. Look at the clarity, thickness and color of the wine.
    A white wine might be almost colorless, or it could have a deep golden color．White wines go darker with
age. White wine made from grapes grown in a cool climate is often paler, with a higher amount of acid (酸).
A white wine from grapes grown in a warmer climate is often yellower, with less acid, though there are
exceptions to this rule.
    The color of red wine can be purplish red to brick red. Red wines often become paler with age. Red wines
grown in warmer climates often have deeper color than those grown in cooler climates.
    Next, turn the glass so that the wine moves around inside. This brings air into the wine, so that it releases
its smell. Smell the wine deeply. A wine's smell is actually more telling than its taste. To use a wine term, what
can you learn about the wine from its "nose"? Is the wine fruity? Does it smell like oak? Do you smell grass or
maybe honey? Maybe the smell is like butter or a mineral. It may be complex or intense.
    Now it is time to taste the wine. Move it around in your mouth. You may recognize some tastes because
you identify them while smelling the wine. You can also consider the wine's sweetness and its sharpness, or
acidity. You may note the taste of tannin. Tannins are chemicals that are found in the skin and seeds of grapes.
They are also found in tea. Tannins taste bitter and seem to coat your mouth. To make a good wine requires a
balance between sugar, acidity, tannin and alcohol.
    Many wine experts can identify the kind of wine without ever seeing the label on the bottle. This is because
they know the qualities of the look, smell and taste of a wine.
1. According to the passage, a red wine with a lighter color might be the wine _____.

A. that has a lower amount of acid
B. that is grown in cooler climates
C. that is not good wine
D. that is grown in warmer climates
2. By looking at the color of the wine, experts _____.

A. can know whether the wine tastes good or not
B. can know whether the wine is made from grapes
C. can know whether the wine has a long or short history
D. can know whether the wine has a good color
3. Paragraph 5 suggests the followings except that _____.

A. A wine can have different kinds of smells
B. A wine's smell can't give any meaningful information about the wine
C. You can't smell the wine properly if you don't turn the glass
D. A wine might not smell like wine
4. In tasting wine, one needs to pay attention to _____.

A. how sweet it tastes
B. how sharp it tastes
C. how bitter it tastes
D. all of the above
5. How many senses are involved in studying a glass of wine according to the passage?

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

8． 阅读理解。
   Harvard University is on the both sides of the Charles River. The oldest institution
of higher learning in the United States was founded in 1636. In 1638 it was named for John
Harvard, its first founder. During the 1640s the college was enlarged although it was short
of money. Meant to be an institution for the education of Puritan ministers (清教牧师),
it grew to be an institution of general education (普通教育), and new and more subjects and
policies (政策) were introduced. In the 18th century, particularly under John Leverett
(1708-24) the number of the students and campus equipment increased while the religious (宗
教的) color decreased. In its early years, the college was largely supported by the English
colony and the New England community as a whole, but support soon came in the form of gifts,
and in 1823 the state money was received for the last time. Under Charles W. Eliot, the
college became a great modern university. Its basic courses improved and enlarged, the
graduate school was set up for those who finished their four-year undergraduate study, and
the law and medical schools were reorganized. Eliot is also famous for his introduction
of the elective system at Harvard. Besides Harvard College, the university includes schools
of divinity (1816), law (1817), arts and science (1872), education (1920), engineering (1935),
reorganization of Lawrence Science School of l847, public administration (1935). Harvard also
has schools of business administration (1908), medical (1782), public health (1922), and dental
health (1941). Radckiffe college for women is connected with Harvard; its students are
taught by Harvard professors and receive diplomas given by Harvard. The university 1ibrary,
among the nation's finest, houses over 8 million volumes and the Fog Museum of Art is one
of the finest university museums in the world. Harvard is closely connected with a large
number of research institutions as well.
1. Harvard University _____.

A. has a history of more than 450 years
B. was enlarged in the middle of the 17th century
C. was first meant to be an institution for general education since its foundation
D. was founded by John Leverett
2. 0ne of John Leverett's greatest contributions to Harvard University is most probably
   that _____.

A. he set up Harvard University
B. he freed Harvard University from the support of the state
C. he made Harvard a Puritan university
D. he helped develop general education in Harvard University
3. Which of the following statements might NOT be true about Charles W. Eliot?

A. Under his leadership, Harvard University became a modern university.
B. He introduced the elective system at Harvard University.
C. He improved and enlarged Harvard University, making it a modern university.
D. He tried hard to reduce the religious color of Harvard University.
4. Based on the passage, between 1816 and 1941 Harvard _____.

A. had at least 10 more schools added up to it
B. founded Lawrence Science school
C. went through a period of slow progress
D. reorganized Harvard College
5. Which of the following statements is true about Harvard University according to the
    passage?

A. Harvard is a large and modern university with a long history.
B. Harvard has the world's finest library with its 8 million of books.
C. Harvard University has the nation's best art museum.
D. Radcliffe College for men is one of the schools of Harvard University.

9． 阅读理解。
    I have a rule for travel: never carry a map. I prefer to ask for directions (方向).
    Foreign visitors are often puzzled in Japan because most streets there don't have names. In Japan, people
use landmarks in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers,
"Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across
from the bus stop." 
    In the countryside of the American Midwest, usually there are not many landmarks. There are no mountains,
so the land is very flat (平坦的). In many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of
landmarks, people will tell you directions and distance. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, "Go
north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile."
    People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map: they measure (测量) distance by
means of time, not miles. "How far away is the post office?" you ask. "Oh," they answer, "It's about five
minutes from here." You say, "Yes, but how many miles away is it?" They don't know.
    People in Greece sometimes do not even try to give directions because visitors seldom (很少) understand
the Greek language. Instead of giving you the direction, a Greek will often say, "Follow me." Then he will lead
you through the streets of the city to the post office.
    Sometimes a person doesn't know the answer to your question. What happens in this situation? A New
Yorker might say, "sorry, I have no idea." But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers, "I don't know." People in
Yucatan think that "I don't know" is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A visitor can
get very, very lost in Yucatan!
    One thing will help you everywhere ---- in Japan, in the United States, in Greece, in Mexico, or in any other
place. You might not understand a person's words, but maybe you can understand his body language. He or
she will usually turn and then point in the correct direction. Go in that direction and you may find the post
office!
1. The passage mainly tells that _____.

A. never carry a map for travel
B. there are not many landmarks in the American Midwest
C. there are different ways to give directions in different parts of the world
D. New Yorkers often say, "I have no idea," but people in Yucatan, Mexico, never say this
2. The passage says, "In Japan, people use landmarks in their directions." The word "landmark" means _____.

A. building names
B. street names
C. hotels, marks and bus stops
D. buildings or places which are easily recognized
3. In which place do people tell distance by means of time?

A. Japan
B. American Midwest
C. Los Angles, California
D. Greece
4. In the passage, _____ countries are mentioned (提到) by the writer.

A. seven
B. four
C. eight
D. five
5. Which of the following is wrong?

A. Travelers can learn about people's customs by asking questions about directions.
B. A person's body language can help you understand directions.
C. People in some places give directions in miles, but people in other places give directions by means of time.
D. People in different places always give directions in the same way.

10． 阅读理解。
    Recently a Beijing father sent in a question at an Internet forum asking what "PK" meant.
    "My family has been watching the 'Super Girl' singing competition TV program. My little daughter asked
me what 'PK' means, but I had no idea," explained the puzzled father.
    To a lot of Chinese young people who have been playing games online, it is impossible not to know that
item. 
    In such Internet games, "PK" is short for "Player Kill", in which two players fight until one ends the life
of the other. 
    In the case of the "Super Girl" singing competition, "PK" was used to refer to the stage where two singers
have to compete with each other for only one chance to go up in competition ranking.
    Like this puzzled father, Chinese teachers at high schools have also been finding their students' composition
using Internet jargon (行话) difficult to understand.
    A high school teacher from Tianjin asked her students to write up compositions with colloquial (口语的)
language, but they came up with a lot of Internet jargon that she didn't understand.
    " My 'GG' came back this summer from college. He told me I've grown up to be a 'PLMM': I love to 'FB'
with him together; he always took me to the 'KPM', went one composition."
    "GG" means Ge Ge (Chinese pinyin for brother ). "PLMM" refers to Piao Liang Mei Mei (beautiful sister ).
"FB" means "to corrupt". "KPM" is short for KFC, Pizza Hut and McDonalds.
    While some specialists welcome Internet jargon as a new development in language, teachers are worried
that too much use of such language might lead students away from the "right" usages. Parents especially
worry that their children might not do well in language tests because of the use of Internet language. 
    Such as those mixed feelings are, the conciseness and liveliness of Internet language continues to attract
Internet users for making convenient communications.
    If you do not even know what a Kong Long (dinosaur, referring to ugly-looking female) or a Qing Wa (frog,
referring to ugly-looking male)is, then you will possibly be regarded as a Cai Niao!
1. By writing the article, the writer tries to ______.

A. explain some Internet jargon
B. suggest normalizing Internet language
C. draw our attention to Internet language use
D. support teachers and parents.
2. What does the writer think about the term "PK"?

A. Fathers can't possibly know it.
B. The daughter should understand it.
C. Online game players must know it.
D. "Super Girl" shouldn't have used it.
3. According to the composition, the underlined word "corrupt" probably means "______".

A. change the traditional form of something
B. often have good food or do something expensive
C. encourage someone to behave in a dishonest way
D. often have some sports to become strong
4. The example of the Beijing father and the Tianjin teacher are used to show that Internet jargon ______.

A. is used not only online
B. contains many interesting expressions
C. is hard to understand by the elders
D. causes trouble to our mother tongue