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            • 1． 阅读下列短文，从每题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
                  How far would you be willing to go to satisfy your need to know? Far enough to find out your possibility of dying from a terrible disease? These days that’s more than an academic question, as Tracy Smith reports in our Cover Story.
                  There are now more than a thousand genetic tests, for everything from baldness to breast cancer, and the list is growing. Question is, do you really want to know what might eventually kill you? For instance, Nobel Prize-winning scientist James Watson, one of the first people to map their entire genetic makeup, is said to have asked not to be told if he were at a higher risk for Alzheimer’（老年痴呆症）.
                  “If I tell you that you have an increased risk of getting a terrible disease, that could weigh on your mind and make you anxious, through which you see the rest of your life as you wait for that disease to hit you. It could really mess you up.” Said Dr. Robert Green, a Harvard geneticist.
                  “Every ache and pain,” Smith suggested, could be understood as “the beginning of the end.” “That ’s right. If you ever worried you were at risk for Alzheimer’s disease, then every time you can’t find your car in the parking lot, you think the disease has started.”
                  Dr. Green has been thinking about this issue for years. He led a study of people who wanted to know if they were at a higher genetic risk for Alzheimer’s. It was thought that people who got bad news would, for lack of a better medical term, freak out. But Green and his team found that there was “no significant difference” between how people handled good news and possibly the worst news of their lives. In fact, most people think they can handle it. People who ask for the information usually can handle the information, good or bad, said Green.
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            • 2． Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable jobs.      
                Personal ad­visors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive (主管的) circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harm­ful to a woman. Handsome male executives were considered having more honesty than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to lead to their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was connected not with ability but with factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the attractive overnight succes­ses was connected more with personal relationships and less to ability than that of the unattractive over­night successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman considered to be more womanish has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally man­ly position appears to lack the “manly” qualities. This is true even in politics, “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractive­ness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men, but the women who had ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes.
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            • 3． For the first time, researchers have discovered that some plants can kill insects in order to get additional nutrients. New research shows that they catch and kill small insects with their own sticky hairs near the roots and then absorb nutrients through their roots when the insects are killed and fall to the ground.
                  Professor Mark Chase, of Kew and Queen Mary, University of London, said, "The cultivated (改良的) tomatoes and potatoes still have the hairs, Tomatoes in particular are covered with these sticky hairs. They do trap small insects on a regular basis. They do kill insects."
                  The number of there carnivorous plants is thought to have came up to 50 percent and many of them have until now been wrongly regarded as among the most harmless plants. Among them are species of petunia (矮牵牛), some special tobacco plants and cabbages, some varieties of potatoes and tomatoes, etc. Researchers at Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, which carried out the study, now believe there are hundreds more killer plants than previously realized.
                  It is thought that the technique was developed in the wild to get necessary nutrients in poor quality soil ---- and even various plants grown in your vegetable garden still have the ability.
                  The researchers, publishing their finding in the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, said, "We may be surrounded by many more murderous plants than we think." "We are accustomed to thinking of plants as being immobile and harmless, and there is something deeply frightening about the thought of meat-eating plants," they added.
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            • 4． Bad teeth can be painful—and worse. They can even be deadly. Infections( 感染 ) of the gums( 牙龈 ) and teeth can release( 释放 ) bacteria into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chances of a heart attack or stroke( 中风 ) and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk.
                 For example, in 2007,a 12-year-old boy in Washington died when a tooth infection spread to his brain. Doctors said if he had received the dental care he needed, it might have been prevented.
                  Experts at the National Institutes of Health say good dental care starts at birth.  Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid( 酸化的 )production in the mouth.
                  But dentists say a baby’s gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give only water.
                  When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for the babies and to use them very gently.
                  The use of fluoride( 氟化物 ) to protect the teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with _enamel , the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent hole from forming.
                  But young children often swallow toothpaste ( 牙膏 ) when they brush. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluorideated toothpaste can cause problems.
                  So young children should be carefully supervised ( 监管 ) when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste, the size of a green pea, should be used.
                  Parents often wonder what effect thumb sucking might have on their baby’s teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life.
                  The American Academy of Family Physicians says most children stop sucking their thumb by the age of four. If it continues, the group advises parents to talk to their child’s dentist or doctor. It could affect the correct development of permanent teeth.
                  Dentists say children should have their first dental visit at last by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear—usually at around 6 months.  

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            • 5． Do you dream of owning your own house? Canadian Kyle MacDonald, a 26-year-old from Vancouver who is a resident in Montreal, has just achieved it. MacDonald, who has spent much of his time since graduating from college backpacking round Europe and Asia and whose main income appears to come from working as a pizza-delivery man, decided last year that he wanted to settle down. However, when he checked the real estate market, he quickly realized that he had no chance of raising the depositon a home of his own.
                  So he came up with an inventive solution. Using the power of the Internet, he decided to try to barter(易货贸易) his way to a house. His starting offer? One red paper clip (回形针). Of course, he didn't expect someone to offer him a house for the paper clip, he simply wanted to trade it for something that was more valuable. 14 trades later, he is now the owner of a house in Kipling, Saskatchewan.
                  His first trade took place when two women from his hometown offered him a pen in the shape of a fish. MacDonald then traded the fish-pen for a doorknob, then the doorknob for a stove. Further transactions brought him an electricity generator and a ski-bob, a small vehicle on tracks that people use to ride across snow and ice. After nine trades, he had a recording contract at a music studio in Toronto.
                  But Kyle pressed on, still convinced that he would eventually get a house. After trades which brought him the opportunity to spend a day with rock star Alice Cooper and to have a small part in a Hollywood movie, he struck gold.
                  When words of Kyle's astonishing barter journey reached the people of Kipling, they decided to make their move. The population of the town is a little more than l,000, and falling fast. By offering the keys to an empty house on Main Street, Kipling hoped to bring much needed publicity—and residents—to the fading town. And they seem to have succeeded!
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            • 6．                                                           "iPhone 5", the tallest thing to happen to iPhone since iPhone
                                                                                               
                We don't want to change your phone, we want to make you say, "Wow, that is a bigger change than I expected". "iPhone 5" is a result of that desire to surprise.
                  It's been completely redesigned. For the first time ever, we've increased the size of display (显示) by making the screen taller but not wider.
                  You can see more of your content without the need to scroll. We are making scrolling the thing of the past. It is more comfortable to use and reduces tiredness from scrolling when you read long documents.
                  Even with the larger display, it is the thinnest iPhone we ever built. To achieve the design this tall, we have to look at it and completely redesign the architecture inside. It's 18% thinner and 79.5% taller than the previous iPhone. It makes everything you do on "iPhone5" easier. No more hidden menus, no confusing gestures. Everything is right at your fingertips.
                  The panorama feature (全景拍照) is simply awesome. The ultra HD (超高清) widescreen display lets you get your entire shot in a single snap (快门). You can also use its creative design for picture stabilization.
                  With an iPhone this tall, reception of signals has never been better. And of course, all your favorite applications are still available. In fact you will find your old favorites also benefit from the new experiencing handsome ultra HD widescreen. We found while many previous iPhone owners were using Facetime, they only used it for the faces. That's why we are introducing Bodytime. With its ultra HD widescreen display, Bodytime lets you see a person's entire body.
                  It took all of our learning and all of our thinking to realize something so simple, so clear, and yet so tall.
                  And I wish your pocket were tall enough to hold such a perfect invention!
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            • 7． Treasure hunts have excited people’s imagination for hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island. Kit Williams, a modern writer, had the idea of combining the real excitement of a treasure hunt with clues found in a book when he wrote a children’s story, Masquerade, in 1979. The book was about a hare (兔子), and a month before it came out Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire. The book contained a large number of clues (线索) to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.
                  Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic (逻辑), not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: “One of Six to Eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s six wives. Even here, however, Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.
                  Even then his search had not come to an end. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. Williams encouraged him to continue, and on February 24th, 1982, he found the treasure. It was worth £ 3000 in the beginning, but the excitement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable.
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            • 8． Honesty comes in many forms. First there’s self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I’m not, I feel unsure of myself and take out a part from my PBA (personal bank account). I love how singer Judy Garland put it, “Always be a first-class version of yourself, instead of a second-class version of somebody else.”
                Then there’s honesty in our actions. Are you honest at school, with your parents, and with your boss? If you’ve ever been dishonest, I think we all have, try being honest, and notice how whole it makes you feel. Remember, you can’t do wrong and feel right. This story by Jeff is a good example of that: In my second year of study, there were three kids in my math class who didn’t do well. I was really good at it. I would charge them three dollars for each test that I helped them pass. I’d write on a little piece of paper all the right answers, and hand them off.
                 At first I felt like I was making money, kind of a nice job. I wasn’t thinking about how it could hurt all of us. After a while I realized I shouldn’t do that anymore, because I wasn’t really helping them. They weren’t learning anything, and it would only get harder down the road. Cheating certainly wasn’t helping me.
                It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work. But, remember, every act of honesty is a deposit (储蓄) into your PBA and will build strength .

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            • 9． Worry can make even the most strong-willed person ill. General Grant discovered that during the closing days of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The story goes like this: Grant had been besieging (包围) Richmond, Virginia, for nine months. Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America , which supported slavery and wanted to separate from the United States of America . The Confederate States Army, led by General Lee, was beaten. The soldiers were hungry. Many of them ran away from the city at night. The end was close.
                   Grant, half blind with a violent sick headache, fell behind his army and stopped at a farmhouse. “I spent the night,” he records in his memoirs (传记), “in bathing my feet in hot water and putting mustard plasters (芥子膏) on my wrists and the back part of my neck, hoping to be cured by morning.”
                   The next morning, he was cured instantaneously. And the thing that cured him was not a mustard plaster, but a horseman riding down the road with a letter from Lee, saying he wanted to stop fighting.
              “When the officer bearing the message reached me,” Grant wrote, “I was still suffering with the sick headache, but the instant I saw the things written in the note, I was cured.”
                  Obviously it was Grant's worries, tensions, and emotions that made him ill. He was cured instantly the moment he saw the sure signs of victory.
                  To learn more about the negative effects of worry, you may find an influential book about it in your public library. The book is Man Against Himself by Dr. Karl Menninger. Dr. Menninger's book will not give you any rules about how to avoid worry, but it will offer you true facts about how we destroy our bodies and minds by anxiety, frustration, hatred, anger, and fear.
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