Why College Is Not Home

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy（自主性） and the development of adult identity．However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities．

For previous generations，college was decisive break from parental control； guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within．In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cellphones，email and social media，have increased significantly．Some parents go so far as to help with coursework．Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home．

To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility，college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation．This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both e intellectually（在思维方面） and personally．While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges，we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views．Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning．

Learning to deal with the social world is equally important．Because a college community（群体） differs from the family，many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging．If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern，they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community．

Moreover，the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults：the response to being controlled by their elders．If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined（规定） and controlled，the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged．

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out，particularly when there are reasons to do so．Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency．What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world．Therefore，there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth．

Every college discussion about community values，social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self﹣regulation，of the necessary tension between safety and self﹣discovery．

What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students？

The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means 　　．

According to the author，what role should college play？

Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage？

The Science of Risk﹣Seeking

Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth tasking．  (1)   Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us．Why？Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work．

The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans．Risk﹣takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring．  (2)  As the quality of Risk﹣taking was passed from on ration to the next，humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk．

So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then？Well，even 200，000years ago，too much risk﹣taking could get one Killed．A few daring survived，though，along with a few stay﹣in﹣the﹣cave types．As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today．So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．   (3) 

No matter where you are on the risk﹣seeking range，scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years．  (4)  To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences．New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well．

Mean taking some risks，so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well．

  (5)   For the risk﹣seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active．

As experts continue to study the science of risk﹣seeking，we’ll continue to hit the mountains，the waves or the shallow end of the pool．

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．

It is Mother’s Day today．Though it’s a western festival，it’s popular in China now．

Mom has a full﹣time job，so she has to do most of the houseworks．She is a great mother．Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day．We get up early in the morning．Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping．When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand．I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen．The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest．At dinner，we said to her，“Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving．

In the laboratory，chimps don’t naturally share food either．If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no great effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage，he will pull at random﹣he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not．Chimps are truly selfish．

Human children，on the other hand are extremely corporative．From the earliest ages，they decide to help others，to share information and to participate a achieving common goals．The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children．He finds that if babies aged 18months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help．

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught．but naturally possessed in young children．One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially．Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are remanded．A third reason is that social intelligence．Develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills，at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello，the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests，but were considerably better at understanding the social world

The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t in what Tomasello calls what．Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking．But that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose．They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal．