优优班--学霸训练营 > 知识点挑题
全部资源
          排序:
          最新 浏览

          共50条信息

            • 1． Attachment is not just a connection between two people； it"s a bond that involves a desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress（悲伤） during separation from that person．
              According to psychologist John Bowilby， there are four critical characteristics of attachment． The first is the desire to be near those with whom we share an attachment since we are happy while staying with them． Attachments also create a safe shelter， meaning that during times of distress， fear， or uncertainty， we may seek out the people we"re attached to for care and comfort． Next， attachment figures also offer a secure base for exploration． This is particularly important during childhood． This secure base allows kids to explore the world while they know they can still return to the safety of the attachment figure． Finally， we experience separation distress when parted from an attachment figure． For example， kids tend to become upset when parents have to leave them in the care of others．
              Attachment serves a number of important purposes． For instance， it helps keep babies and children close to their caregivers so that they can avoid potential dangers， which in turn helps boost their chances of survival． However， if a child doesn"t form a secure attachment to a caregiver， he or she will suffer from a number of problems including conduct disorder and oppositional -defiant （对立反抗的） disorder． Researchers also suggest that the type of attachment displayed early in life can have a lasting effect on later adult relationships．
              Psychologist Harry Harlow conducted an experiment on social isolation in monkeys． Baby monkeys were separated from their mothers and placed with surrogate mothers （代母）． One mother was simply a wire armature （电枢） that held a bottle， while the other mother was covered with a soft terry cloth material． Harlow found that the baby monkeys would receive food from the wire mother， but preferred to spend most of their time with the soft mother． When compared to monkeys that had been raised by their birth mothers， the monkeys raised by surrogate mothers were shyer and more nervous and suffered from social and emotional problems．
              All in all， developing secure and healthy attachments early in life is very important． Such attachments play a vital role in our future development．
              Attachment
              Introduction to attachment Attachment means that you feel so connected to someone else (1) that often want to contact him or her and you may feel distressed in the (2) of the person．
              Characteristics of attachment •We enjoy the (3) of those we"re attached to， so we always take any chance we get to be with them．
              •We may tum to attachment figures when experiencing negative emotions．
              •Attachment figures are always (4) and serve as powerful supporters when children (5) their surroundings．
              •Any (6) from an attachment figure is an invitation to distress．
              Importance of attachment •Attachment makes children seek (7) from their caregivers， thus enabling them to survive．
              • (8) to form a secure attachment with a caregiver leads to a series of problems in children．
              •Childhood attachment influences later adult relationships．
              An experiment In a study， with their early attachments (9) baby monkeys are likely to suffer mentally， (10) and emotionally．
              Conclusion We should form secure and healthy attachments while young， because they will have important impacts on our future development．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 2． ______ oriented ● once influenced the world with silk and
              ceramics along the Silk Road 4-7 not only inheritance but also innovation ● （5） ______ products like silk and
              porcelain should be selected
              ● Modern （6） ______ and concept should
              also be used．
              ● from "made in China" to "（7） ______ in
              China"
              ● reconstruction of objects （8） ______
              renewal of value system 8 （9） ______ ● traditional， open and （10） ______
              ● life-focused on the public， world and future
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 3． ______
              in point ● Rumi， an emoii （5） ______ like a panda， has been downloaded by over
              a quarter of China's entire population．
              ● Zhang Xuchen created emojis part lime but earned a good income because customers（6） ______ him．
              ● The president of StarMoly， which （7） ______ Rumi， recognizes emojis as a promising IP． Problems with emojis ● Emojis are very likely to be pirated because the （8） ______ A of them are in digital forms．
              ● There is a（n） （9） ______ of effective supervision because it's a band-new industry． Solution Related rules and regulations are needed to protect the IP rights of both creators and companies， and education should （10） ______ closely．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 4． Decoding the young brain There was a funny experiment to see how a young child would answer a specific question compared to an adult．After the adult had spent some time speaking with the child， he asked the child， "What do you think about me？" The child answered， "You talk too much．" When the adult performed the same experiment with another adult， the reply to the same question was， "I think you"re a very interesting person．" Even if the adult felt the same way as the child， his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question， and come up with an answer． He could have been annoyed， but his answer didn"t reflect it because he was being polite．
              The secret lies in the science of the developing brain．The child"s honest answer was reflected in the fact that his brain wasn"t equipped to filter（过滤） information before answering the question．As a result， he was honest， but he said something that may have been hurtful．However， the child did not intentionally hurt the adult； it"s just the way his brain works．As a child grows into adolescence and then into adulthood， that changes．
              The human brain is made up of billions of neurons（神经元）． In order for our body to execute a command， like getting up from a chair and walking to the other room， the neurons in the brain have to communicate with each other． They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us remember things．
              When the neurons send messages， perhaps one sensation（感觉） the person feels is excitement about eating a cookie because it is so delicious． Later， if that person smells a cookie or hears someone talking about a cookie， it can spark the electrical signals that call up the memory of eating the delicious cookie． In an adult， he or she may remember that eating too many cookies can have consequences， like weight gain．But because the younger brain is more impulsive（冲动的）， the desire to feel the pleasure of the sweet treat outweighs the consequences．
              That is because when a child is young， his brain is "wired" in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult．This affects his decisionmaking process and it is why younger people tend to be more impulsive． Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky． How many times have we heard a parent say， "I tell her this all the time， but she never listens！"
              To conclude， what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive．It isn"t always necessarily because they are being naughty； it may very well be because of their brains． So the next time you ask a child what he really thinks of you， be prepared for any kind of answer．
              Decoding the young brain
              An experiment on a young child A young child answered the question (1) the top of his head while an adult paused， and (2) twice before he found an answer．
              Causes of the (3) reflected
              in the experiment              		 The developing brain of the young child contributed to his honest answer．
              ◆He was more likely to hurt or offend others (4) he didn"t intend to do so．
              ◆It"s just the way his brain works and with him growing up， that changes．
              Billions of neurons (5) up the human brain have their own mechanism for functioning．
              ◆The neurons have to communicate with each other， helping us employ our senses and remember things．
              ◆A person may (6) the smell of a cookie with the memory of eating it．
              ◆A younger brain is more impulsive compared with an adult"s．
              A young child"s having a natural (7) to seek pleasure and take risks results from his young brain．
              ◆This affects his decisionmaking process and it is why younger people act in an impulsive way．
              ◆Warned many times before， a young child will still try something (8) or risky．
              A conclusion drawn from the experiment An adult"s ability to control his impulses is much (9) and a young child is not (10) being naughty when they make hurtful or offensive answers．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 5． Many of us have someone in our lives that has absolutely everything． Buying a gift for that special person can prove quite stressful． Here are a few points aimed at making this challenge a little bit easier．
              Buying that hard-to-find gift can have you wandering the malls for hours on end with little or no luck． Before starting such a shopping journey， think carefully about what that person might really enjoy instead of hoping the perfect gift will miraculously（奇迹般地 ） appear． Think about what is happening in their lives at the moment Have they recently experienced a major life event． taken up a new hobby， or planned a trip？ Think about how your gin can contribute to a these events．
              Have you ever found that perfect Christmas gift for someone in July， but decided to waif and buy it later？ If you think it"s a good gift， buy it then． Don"t wait until the last minute to buy that perfect present． Chances are that you"ll either forget what that gift was or it won"t be available when you go to get it later． Last-minute shopping is rather stressful and usually doesn"t have the desired results．
              Anything you can buy at a retail store these days can also be bought on the Internet． Better still， you can find special gifts that you normally cant find at the mall． Search for special gift ideas and you"ll be amazed at the things that you may never have thought of before． For example， find out what their favorite toy or book was when they were a child and see if you can find it for sale on an auction site（拍卖现场）．
              Spend some time with the person and get a better idea of their interests． They may mention that they"ve needed something for the moment but just haven"t got around to getting it． Or maybe they"ve lost or broken something that they really miss． Maybe they"re still using something from the past that needs updating．
              If all else fails， there are always gift cards． Rather than just give the gift card， however， be a little creative． Make a game out of it such as wrapping the card in a series of larger boxes so it takes a while to get to it rather than just having them open an envelope． Another choice is to include a gift card with some theatre tickets．
              Topic： (1) on buying a gift for someone who has everything
              Think outside the Store． ●Think carefully about what might really (2) the person before going shopping，rather than trying your luck at the mall．
              ●Finding out what the person is (3) you．
              Don"t wait until the last minute． ●No matter when you have found a proper gift， buy it (4) ．
              ●Trying to find a gift just before the event can cause you much stress and the gift may (5) you．
              Shop (6) ●You can find more special gifts on the Internet than at malls．
              ●You may get a good (7) from the Internet．
              ●It"s a good idea to give the person what he liked most during his (8)
              Listen closely for Ideas． Spend some time learning about what the person needs at (9) ．
              Give a gift card． Wrap the gift card (10) ，or give it together with some theatre tickets．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 6． Every January for the past 20 years， I have taken a few moments to consider the answer to the big question， "What is the meaning of life？"． The reason I ask this question year after year is that my answer changes over time， which I find interesting and insightful． There is no objectively correct answer， I believe-only answers that are right for you at any given time． This question is so important-philosophically and practically in terms of how we live our lives- yet we are unable to really think about the answer．
                  Doing this simple exercise might even help you live longer． According to two separate studies -one with 9，000 participants around age 65 and another with 6，000 people between 20 and 75-those who could explain the meaning and purpose of their lives died later than those who saw their lives as aimless． It didn't seem to matter what meaning participants ascribed to their lives， whether it was personal （such as happiness）， or creative （such as making art）． It was having an answer to the question that mattered． The connection to longevity（长寿）could be causal-having purpose may help one manage daily stress， as other research has shown． But it could also be that those who think about life's meaning are more likely to do other activities that promote good health．
                  Great thinkers have given the question thought． Leo Tolstoy wrote， "The sole meaning of life is to serve humanity．" Albert Einstein said： "Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile．" My favorite answer， though， is "The purpose of life is a life of purpose．"
                  Some have concluded that life's meaning is subjective． "There is not one standard meaning for all，" author Anaïs Nin once said． "There is only the meaning we each give to our life， an individual meaning， an individual plot， like an individual novel， a book for each person．" I agree， which is why I recommend formulating（构想）your own answer． Taking a few moments to record your response to the question "What is the meaning of life？" is the kind of simple exercise that effectively adds meaning to your life．
                  And then I suggest answering it every year． Looking back at how your thinking has evolved and been influenced by experience tells you something more about yourself． Then， it gets you closer to a deeper self-understanding．
                  If you do the annual "meaning" exercise， I suggest not looking at past answers before answering anew． I write them down on the same now-yellowing piece of paper and keep it someplace safe．
                  The last suggestion is to turn your answer into action． If you conclude， as Tolstoy and Einstein did， that the meaning of life is helping others， that should help motivate you to do more of it．
                  This is not a theoretical exercise． Whatever small step you take toward finding the meaning of life is a step toward a more meaningful， and longer life． Why not do this simple annual "meaning" exercise from now on？

              Knowing Your （1） ______ in Life Can Help You Live Longer
              Introduction Many of us （2） ______ to consider the answer to the question "What is the meaning of life？"， though it is important．
              （3） ______ of studies Those who know the meaning and purpose of life enjoy longevity． With
              purpose， they may （4） ______ with stress and get involved in
              activities （5） ______  good health．
              Answers to the question Some famous people think the meaning of life is （6） ______  others． I
              think a meaningful life is a life with purpose．
              Suggestions ★Add meaning to your life by recording the answers， which（7） ______  depending on individuals．
              ★Answer the question yearly， which helps you （8） ______ yourself better．
              ★Don't （9） ______ to the previous ones while forming a new
              answer．
              ★Turn your answer into action， doing what you think right and meaningful．
              Conclusion Your ever-changing answers may help you live longer and better． Every  small step you take toward finding the answers （10） ______ ．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 7． New discoveries suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began many centuries earlier than once thought． The findings add a fascinating new page to the epic（史诗）of the Silk Road， which spread far and wide in no time．
                  The latest and most surprising discovery is pieces of silk found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy from about 1，000 BC， long before regular traffic on the Silk Road and at least one thousand years before silk was previously thought to be used in Egypt． Other research may extend human activity along this route back even further， perhaps a million years to the moving of human ancestors into eastern Asia
                  The official origin of East-West trade along the road is usually placed in the late 2nd century BC when an agent of the Chinese Emperor Wudi returned from a dangerous secret mission across the desert into the remote high country of Central Asia． The agent， Zhang Qian， traveled as far as Afghanistan and brought back knowledge of even more distant lands such as Persia， Syria and a place known as Lijien， perhaps Rome． Historians（历史学家）have called this one of the most important journeys in ancient times． His journey opened the way for what have been thought to be the first indirect contacts between the ancient world's two superpowers， China and Rome． Chinese silk， first traded to Central Asia for war horses， was soon finding its way to the markets of Rome through a network of businessmen．
                  But the new discoveries show that Chinese silk apparently existed in the West long before the Han emperor started organized trade over the Silk Road． The research could change thinking about the early history of world trade and provide insights into the mystery（谜） of just how and when Europe first realized the glorious culture at the other end of Eurasia．
              Paragraph outline Supporting details
              Introduction New findings about the （1） ______  of trade along the Silk Road are spread far and wide in no time．
              The latest discovery The silk thread found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy from about 1，000 BC makes all feel greatly surprised．
              The discovery suggests the trade along the Silk Road may （2） ______  back to an earlier time than once （3） ______ ．
              Zhang Qian's mission The accepted official （4） ______  of East-West commerce along the Silk Road．
              （5） ______ Opening the way for the first indirect contacts between the two ancient superpowers， China and Rome （6） ______  Chinese silk to Central Asia and Persia Making Chinese silk （7） ______  the markets of Rome．
              （8） ______ Show the （9） ______  of Chinese silk in the West long before the Han Dynasty． Change thinking about the early history of world peace．
              Help people find out more facts about Europe first （10） ______  Chinese culture．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 8． Attachment is not just a connection between two people； it"s a bond that involves a desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress （悲伤）during separation from that person．
              m According to psychologist John Bowlby， there are four critical characteristics of attachment． The first is the desire to be near those with whom we share an attachment since we are happy while staying with them． Attachments also create a safe shelter， meaning that during times of distress， fear， or uncertainty， we may seek out the people we"re attached to for care and comfort． Next， attachment figures also offer a secure base for exploration． This is particularly important during childhood． This secure base allows kids to explore the world while they know they can still return to the safety of the attachment figure． Finally， we experience separation distress when parted from an attachment figure． For example， kids tend to become upset when parents have to leave them in the care of others．
              Attachment serves a number of important purposes． For instance，it helps keep babies and children close to their caregivers so that they can avoid potential dangers， which in turn helps boost their chances of survival． However， if a child doesn"t form a secure attachment to a caregiver，he or she will suffer from a number of problems including conduct disorder and oppositional-defiant （对立反抗的）disorder． Researchers also suggest that the type of attachment displayed early in life can have a lasting effect on later adult relationships．
              Psychologist Harry Harlow conducted an experiment on social isolation in monkeys． Baby monkeys were separated from their mothers and placed with surrogate mothers （代母）．One mother was simply a wire armature （电枢）that held a bottle，while the other mother was covered with a soft terry cloth material． Harlow found that the baby monkeys would receive food from the wire mother， but preferred to spend most of their time with the soft mother． When compared to monkeys that had been raised by their birth mothers， the monkeys raised by surrogate mothers were shyer and more nervous and suffered from social and emotional problems．
              All in all， developing secure and healthy attachments early in life is very important． Such attachments play a vital role in our future development．
              Attachment
              Introduction to
              attachment              		 Attachment means that you feel so connected to someone else (1) that often want to contact him or her and you may feel distressed in the (2) of the person．
              Characteristics
              of attachment              		 •We enjoy the (3) of those we"re attached to． so we always take any chance we get to be with them．
              •We may turn to attachment figures when experiencing negative emotions．
              •Attachment figures are always (4) and serve as powerful supporters when children (5) their surroundings．
              •Any (6) from an attachment figure is an invitation to distress．
              Importance of
              attachment              		 •Attachment makes children seek （7 ） ______ from their caregivers， thus enabling them to survive．
              • (7) to form a secure attachment with a caregiver leads to a series of problems in children．
              •Childhood attachment influences later adult relationships．
              An experiment In a study， with their early attachments (8) baby monkeys are likely to suffer mentally． (9) and emotionally．
              Conclusion We should form secure and healthy attachments while young， because they will have important impacts on our future development．
              难度：较难
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 9． A book on etiquette （礼节） explained the proper behavior Americans should follow in many different social situations． But in modem society， it is not enough to simply know the proper rules for behavior in your own country． International travel for work and pleasure is becoming increasingly popular， which makes it necessary for people to understand the rules of etiquette in other cultures as well．
              Take， for example， the etiquette required in giving and receiving gifts． Cultural differences may appear even in such simple processes． In Western cultures， a gift can be handed over to the receiver with relatively little ceremony． When a gift is offered，the receiver typically takes the gift while expressing his or her thanks． However， in some Asian cultures，the act of giving is an important aspect of gift-giving，and this process may appear confusing or frustrating to Westerners． In Chinese culture， a receiver will typically refuse to accept the gift at first， with the understanding between the giver and receiver that after being turned down several times， the gift will finally be accepted． In addition， to show respect for the receiver， it is customary in several Asian cultures to use two hands when offering a gift to another person．
              After receiving a gift， tradition may demand that the person open the gift right away or， alternatively， wait before opening the gift． In many Western cultures， etiquette requires the receiver to open the gift immediately and show appreciation for the thoughtfulness of the giver． In Asian cultures， on the other hand， the gift may be accepted with appreciation and then set aside to be opened later． The gift will then be opened in private in order not to show their greed or impatience．
              Another tip for cross-cultural gift-giving relates to wrapping presents， especially in choosing the color of paper used to wrap a gift． In Japan， for example， white or very bright colors are traditionally not good choices for wrapping a gift． In Japanese culture， white is the color associated with mourning and bright colors may be considered by some people to be vulgar （庸俗的）．Plain white and black are also to be avoided when wrapping presents in China， because of the relation of these colors to funerals （葬礼）． Joyful colors such as red， yellow， and pink are preferred in Chinese culture． In contrast， Europeans seem to prefer softer colors for wrapping presents． A good rule of thumb for wrapping gifts， especially for business travelers， is to travel with unwrapped gifts， and then wrap the gift with paper bought in the country where the gift will be given．
              Finally， when choosing the appropriate gift to give， a good rule to bear in minds is the following： "Never give vodka to Russians， chocolate to Belgians， or beer to Germans．" It is better to travel with quality gifts from one"s own region or culture． These increase the chances of being appreciated in other cultures because of their unique nature．
              Culturally Appropriate Gift-Giving
              Brief
              Introduction              		 We need to have a good command of proper (1) and domestic gift-giving rules because of the increasing (2) of international travel．
              Western cultures Asian cultures
              How to receive a gift •Receivers take the gift， saying "thanks" to givers． • Great importance are (3) to the act of gift-
              giving．
              • (4) the refusals， receivers finally accept the
              Gift， which is common in China．
              •Giving gifts with two hands is a way to show respect for the receiver．
              When to open a gift •Traditionally， receivers open the gift without (5) ．
              •Givers are appreciated for their consideration．              		 •Receivers tend to set aside the gifts and (6) them privately later to avoid appearing (7) or impatient．
              How to wrap a gift •Softer colours are accepted by people in European countries． •Because of negative cultural meaning， white and bright colors are not good choices of the Japanese．
              •Chinese people (8) joyful colours to white and black．
              A good rule of (9) a gift to give Quality gifts from one"s own region or culture are more (10) to be appreciated in other cultures because of their unique nature．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 10． Life can be overwhelming （令人不知所措的）．We want to do as much as we can， see the world， learn new things - and it can all get a bit too much． Sometimes we reach a point when we feel that we can no longer be interested in everything． We have to shut some of life out， and we don't like that． We are living under the false assumption that to know anything worthwhile takes years of study， so we might as well forget it．
                  But sometimes inside us rebels． We still want to learn new things and make new things． They don't have to be big things． Coping with too big a challenge can be daunting （令人怯步的）．The secret is to be a "micromaster" by perfecting lots and lots of small things - for a big payoff．
                  A micromastery is a self-contained unit of doing， complete in itself， but connected to a greater field． You can perfect that single thing and move on to bigger things． A micromastery is the way we learn as kids． You never absorb all the fundamentals straight away 一 you learn one cool thing， then another． Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has written about "flow" 一 a state in which time seems to be suspended because our involvement in what we're doing is so great． A micromastery，because it is repeatable without being repetitious， has all the elements that allow us to enter a flow state， which produces great contentment．
                  As we get older our default setting （默认设置）becomes "off" not "on"． We stop getting interested in new things because we haven't got enough time or energy． This is an excuse but who can blame us when we hear we need 10，000 hours to "master" something． Micromastery slices through all the excuses． You start with something so small and easy that it doesn't impact on your life except positively．
                  We envy the person who has a perfect French accent， who can roll kayak， or compose a poem that isn't laughable， who can lay a brick wall that doesn't fall down． These are regarded as hard things to learn which mean a greater mastery of the filed concerned． But with micromastery you can start with the test piece and then - and only then - do you go back upstream to learn anything more about the new world．
                  Seeing the world in terms of micromasteries makes anything seem possible． Fancy bookbinding？ Yoga？ Tap dancing or tank driving？ All have their micromasteries． It's very liberating - you no longer have to feel trapped in your day job． You will start， in a small way， to get your life back from the idea that the world seems to push on us that we should do just one thing all our lives．

              An annoying situation              		 We are too（1） ______ to accomplish everything we are interested in and sometimes we have to make a trade-off．
              ♦We take it for granted that anything worthwhile doesn't have an （2） ______ payoff， so we might as well forget it．
              A practical approach ♦ Instead of accomplishing big things， the secret is to be a micromaster by starting（3） ______ ．
              Facts about a micromastery ♦It is connected to a greater field． We can（4） ______ upon small successes to achieve greatness．
              ♦It enables us to have a good command of important things in a （5） ______ way．
              ♦It can help enter a flow state when we are （6） ______ in what we are doing．
              ♦For the adults who lack time and energy to try new things， it can have a （7） ______ impact on their lives．
              ♦Instead of envying the achievers， we can （8） ______ the unknown world by starting with the test piece．
              Conclusion ♦A micromastery can help us to liberate our minds and （9）
              ______ our boundaries．♦For a satisfied life， be a （10） ______ of small things．
              难度：难
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            0/40

            进入组卷