The report from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes the case that it has an important impact on children’s future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being. It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries. The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account. The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds—known as secure attachment—they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach school.

And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training. They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance and hyperactivity later in life.

The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations. She added: “Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behavior. Shouting, looking out of the window, hitting each other…These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning. It’s really only as we understand more about these behavior problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents. ”

Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said: “Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility, as there is such a clear link to education, behavior and future employment. The educational divide emerges early in life, with a 19—month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.

This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children’s life chances. “More support from health visitors, children’s centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap.”

Be specific. Children can understand more than we think. Tell them what you want them to learn. If it’s a particular reading or maths strategy, explain what it is and how to do it.

Tell them why it’s important. Explain how the targeted strategy can help them improve as students. Don’t always focus on the short-term benefits, such as a good grade, but the long-term effects, such as being able to help others, or get a good job one day.

Make it fun. This is probably the most important thing, especially if working with every young children. If you can teach concepts in nutritional ways, it will have a lasting effect. Make games out of questions and answers like a reporter interviewing someone on TV. Videotape this and play it back for the class to see. This can be done with any academic subject. Children love to see themselves on film or hear their recorded voices. Ask good readers to recite poems or passages onto a tape, then ask struggling readers to listen to them for fluency and expression practice.

Teachers should try different methods for different learning styles. Not all children learn the same way, so you will need to make your techniques different. The interviewing method above may not work well for shy students, so you can use another way. Have them be newspaper reporters and write the interview, instead of conducting it orally.

Children need to be able to tell you what they like or don’t like, so let the children have a voice. Have a sit-down, round-table discussion and let them give your feedback. Anyone who gets to express their opinions feels that what they have to say is worthwhile, and it is no difference with children.

How we think, how we talk, how we react tocriticism, which type of snack weinstinctively(凭直觉) reach for: all are habits. Even when facedwith a situation for the first time, werespond(回应) to itout of habit. Whether we observe ourthoughts or they just happen in our minds isdetermined by habits we have developed. We mayconsider some habits good and others not sogood, but all habits can be replaced at will, if youunderstand how they are formed.

Habits and practice are closely related. Whatwe practice will become a habit. This is a veryimportant point because it underlines the value ofbeing in control of our practicing minds. Ourminds are going to practice certain behaviorwhether or not we are aware of them, andwhatever we practice is going to become a habit.

If we understand how we form habits, wecan begin to free ourselves by intentionallycreating the habits we want instead of becomingvictims of the habits we unknowingly allow tobecome a part of our behavior. We can gaincontrol of who we are and what we become inlife.

Understanding how desirable habits arecreated and undesirable habits are replaced isinvaluable, particularly in repetitive-motionsports such as golf or diving. In fact, you oftensee golfers practicing certain parts of theirswings(摆动) over and over again, or divers standing atthe poolside, going through the actions ofcomplex(复杂的) dives they are about toperform. They’re practicing and habitualizingtheir particular moves.

When we say something is a habit, we meanit’s the natural way we do something. We do itinstinctively. People who learnmartial arts(武术) practice the moves over and over again,habitualizing responses until they becomeeffortless.

Changing a habit does take some effort, butthe effort isminimal(很少的) once weunderstand the process. What is required is thatyou are aware of what you want to achieve, thatyou know the motions you must intentionallyrepeat to accomplish the goal, and that you stickto performing your actions without judgements;just stay the course. You should do this in thecomfort of knowing that intentionally repeatingsomething over a short period of time will changean old habit into a new one.

When it comes to safety problems, it’s wise to take advantage of online protection tools. They will control your kids’ seeing and using adult material. Many Internet service-providers (ISPs) provide parent-control choices to prevent certain material from coming into a computer. You can also get software (软件) that keeps your child from certain sites based on a “bad site” list that your ISP creates. Besides, keep the computer in a common area, not in their own bedrooms, where you can keep a close eye on their activities.

Discuss the dangers of talking with strangers online and remind your kids that people online don’t always tell the truth. Tell your kids never to give strangers their personal information, such as the address, phone number, school name or location. Tell them never to exchange photos with strangers in the chat rooms online, which will put the families at risk. Tell them never to agree to meet anyone from a chat room in person. Tell them never to reply to a dangerous email, message, post or text. Give your kids some encouragement to let them tell you about any communication or conversation that is dangerous. Nothing can make sure that they’ll be kept away from 100% of the risks on the Internet. So it’s important for you to spend time online together to teach your kids proper online behavior and educate them about online risks so they can surf the Internet safely. Taking an active part in your kids’ Internet activities will help ensure that they benefit from the wealth of valuable information it offers.

If your child spend long hours online, especially at night, with people you don’t know, you should take notice of your kids behavior. If your child suddenly turns off the computer when you walk into the room, ask why. Unwillingness to discuss online activities is another sign to watch for.

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

You want to be confident and feel confident, but what if you're starting with little or no confidence? True self-confidence isn't an overnight acquisition. It takes dedication to realize you are a good human being that is worthy of respect and love.

Recognize your insecurities

What does that voice in the back of your mind say? Why do you feel uncomfortable or ashamed of yourself? This could be anything from regrets to friends at school or negative experience. Whatever is making you feel unworthy, or ashamed, identify it, give it a name, and write it down. You can also tear these written pieces to start feeling positive on those points.

Get rid of insecurities gradually

Each day you should weaken it. There's no quick fix. Get to the root of the problem; focus on it and understand that you need to resolve each issue before you can move on. Check if it is an old past emotion and if it is really still relevant or applicable in your life today. And that does not mean you have to get rid of whatever makes you feel bad (many times, you simply can't). You need to learn to accept yourself, your past, your circumstances as they are, without necessarily thinking of them as “bad”.

Identify your successes

Everyone is good at something, so discover the things at which you do extremely well, then focus on your talents. Give yourself permission to be proud of them. Give yourself credit for your successes. Inferiority (自卑) is a state of mind in which you've declared yourself a victim. Do not allow yourself to be victimized.

Be Positive

Avoid self-pity, or the pity and sympathy of others. Never allow others to make you feel inferior—they can only do so if you let them. If you continue to dislike and look down upon yourself, others are going to do and believe likewise. Instead, speak in a positive way about yourself, about your future, and about your progress. Do not be afraid to show your strengths and qualities to others. By doing so, you strengthen those ideas in your mind and encourage your growth in a positive direction.

Apply “facial feedback theory”

Studies surrounding what’s called the "facial feedback theory" suggest that the expressions on your face can actually encourage your brain to express certain emotions. So look in the mirror and smile every day, and you might feel happier with yourself and more confident in the long run.

Help others

When you know you’re of help to the people around you, and are making a positive difference in other people’s lives (even if it's just being kinder to the person who serves you coffee in the morning), you'll know that you are a positive force in the world—which will boost yourself confidence.

Now, dear friends, will you let confidence keep you company? Be confident, and accomplishing your goals will be just around the corner.

Title: The ways to become confident

The Elements of Success    

I don’t believe that there is any recipe for success. Instead, I believe success is the result of a combination of a lot of different factors — and not all of them are needed for success. The more factors you have on your side, the more likely you are to succeed, and positive attitude is just one of those factors. Here are seven additional factors that are also important.

   Knowledge

A strong body of knowledge about the area in which you wish to succeed is often one of the key building blocks of success. You can build this by pushing yourself — try out to read some foundational materials and push yourself into challenging areas to build your knowledge.

Natural talent

Some people are born with a predisposition to succeed in certain areas. Find this out for yourself by trying a lot of different activities and seeing what comes easy to you. The things you do with little or no effort that genuinely impress others are likely very near your natural talent, and natural talent combined with a lot of hard work leads to greatness.

Clear goals and planning  

Much like a trip, it’s a lot easier to get where you want to go if you know where you’re going and spend the time to plan the route you’ll take to get there. Think about what your definition of success exactly is, and then identify some of the things that need to be done to help you move towards it.

Passion  

An intense, burning desire to dig deep into a particular area is often a sign that you’ll find success there. Much as with your natural talent, the way to find your passion is to touch on a lot of different areas and see what resonates(产生共鸣) for you.

Focus and consistent effort

Hard work is another key to finding success. You don’t become a champion without practicing every day. If you want to succeed in a certain area, work hard in that area and go beyond what others are doing — deliberate practice is one big key.

Luck and opportunity

Luck and opportunity also play an important role in success — sometimes things just click due to forces beyond your control. You can improve your luck by making as many strong personal contacts as you can and sharing what you have to increase their＂luck＂and＂opportunities＂.

Cooperation and support  

Along with luck comes cooperation — the fact that others are working in small ways to help you succeed rather than hinder(阻碍) you. A spouse telling you that you can do this is going to go a lot further than a spouse telling you you’ll never make it.

In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger（1）_________ and become more （2）__________ . I have to work hard to live a（3）_________ life but it has been（4）_________ it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don't feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don’t（5）_________ them either. Just accept them for （6）_________  they are, and give them（7）_________ to live as rich and full a life as you do.

Historical（8）_________ shows that in the 22^nd century many people told stories about how, at one time, people could buy robots as house（9）_________. The robots would（10）_________ the literature for the latest ideas in …

Catch yourself having negative thoughts and turn them into positive ones. When youˈre around negative people, negative thoughts start to go into your mind. If this happens to you, change the thought into something thatˈs good. For example, if you find yourself feeling down because you canˈt afford to eat at the nicest restaurant in town, think about how lucky you are to have a spouse that knows just how to make your favorite food.

Take a break to refresh your mind and spirit. Excuse yourself to the restroom or take a brief walk outside. During this time, remind yourself of the good things in your life.

Offer positive solutions to the people with negative attitudes. Rather than nodding in agreement when a friend is complaining about her boss or her husband, offer her some concrete ideas that she can use to deal with the problems in her life.

 Refuse to be involved in gripe sessions. Those with negative attitudes tend to feed off of each other and it's easy to find yourself caught in a gripe session, with everyone doing nothing but complaining. Don't say any negative things and excuse yourself the first chance that you get.

Focus on friendships with positive people. It's impossible to avoid negative people at all times. However, you don't have to spend all of your time with them. Instead, make friends with the people who have a positive outlook on life. Their feelings will inspire you as well.

Attitudes toward life color everything. Those who have a positive attitude do better at work, have stronger relationships with family and friends and get sick less often. Every individual is unique, but those with positive attitudes tend to share certain qualities. Surrounding yourselves with positive people, you manage to keep a youthful outlook no matter how old you are.

Title: How to Keep Other's Negative Attitudes from Affecting Us

Festivals and celebrations have been held everywhere since 1 ________ times. Todayˈs festivals have many 2 ________(originally)，some religious, some seasonal and some for special people or events.

The festivals for the dead are held to honour the dead or to3  ________(satisfactory) the ancestors, who might return either to help or to 4 ___________，such as Obon in Japan, the Day of the Dead in Mexico, and the Western holiday Halloween, which is now a childrenˈs festival.

Festivals can also be held to honour people. The examples are the Dragon Boat Festival in China to honour the famous ancient 5_________, Qu Yuan, Columbus Day in the USA, and a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indiaˈs 6__________．

People are grateful when they gather their food for the winter and finish their 7_____ (agriculture) work. So they celebrate the harvest, like Thanksgiving and the Mid-autumn Festival, which are very happy events.

The most 8________ (energy) and important festivals are the ones 9_________ look forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring. The Spring Festival is celebrated in China, while some Western countries have exciting carnivals.

   People love to get together to eat, drink and 10__________with each other, which is satisfied by various festivals.

As human populations grow, animal habitats often begin to   (1)  . The good news is   (2)   in many places around the world, areas are now being   (3)      (4)   just for animal use. These wildlife   (5)   allow animals live in their natural or wild habitats.

B

Every living thing in nature   (6)   to survive. Most plants are threatened by animals and people, as   (7)   as by other plants, and may have to live in difficult conditions. Plants survive by adapting   (8)  life in different environments, and by   (9)   successfully with   (10)   living things.