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            • 1． With the videogame market flooded with more violent games, it can be a constant struggle for parents to monitor and limit their children’s video-gaming.
                 But a recent US Supreme Court decision doesn’t help parents. The ruling struck down California’s 2010 law that had prevented the sale or rental to those younger than 18 of violent games. The majority opinion said such limits went against First Amendment rights. So, parents, it’s up to you to fight against the influences of the＄18 billion video-gaming industry.
                 With so many video and computer games easily accessible, that monitoring role isn’t easy. It’s not just a matter of saying “no” to children, say psychologists. Some parents who shun government involvement in such matters welcomed the ruling, even while hating violent video games.
              “It’s a parent’s responsibility to teach them what they should watch and use,” said Ruth Forster, 45, Avon. Her daughter, Ellie, 13, doesn't like to play video games now, but Forster monitors her daughter’s movies and books. “Parents need to see how children react to a video and how it affects them,” she advised. “There are other video games out there you can help them to choose. Hopefully, if you instilled(灌输)enough good things  in them, they’ll do the right thing.” Parents need to be aware of the games their children are playing and how long they’re playing, and make sure the games are appropriate for their ages and personalities, she said.
                 It’s not hard to find reviews, ratings(分级) and details about games. Video-game ratings by the Entertainment Software Rating Board, give consumers an idea of the level of violence, sexual content and bad language. Videos with a rating of “M” for mature, for example, are said to be suitable for people 17 and older. But the system is voluntary, so younger children can buy or rent “M”-rated games. But it’s not enough to rely completely on the ratings.   
              难度：难
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            • 2． With the videogame market flooded with more violent games, it can be a constant struggle for parents to monitor and limit their children's video-gaming.
                 But a recent US Supreme Court decision doesn't help parents. The ruling struck down California's 2010 law that had prevented the sale or rental to those younger than 18 of violent games. The majority opinion said such limits went against First Amendment rights. So, parents, it's up to you to fight against the influences of the＄18 billion video-gaming industry.
                 With so many video and computer games easily accessible, that monitoring role isn't easy. It's not just a matter of saying “no” to children, say psychologists. Some parents who shun government involvement in such matters welcomed the ruling, even while hating violent video games.
              “It's a parent's responsibility to teach them what they should watch and use,” said Ruth Forster, 45, Avon, Her daughter, Ellie, 13, doesn't like to play video games now, but Forster monitors her daughter's movies and books. “Parents need to see how children react to a video and how it affects them,” she advised. “There are other video games out there you can help them to choose. Hopefully, if you instilled(灌输)enough good things in them, they'll do the right thing.” Parents need to be aware of the games their children are playing and how long they’re playing, and make sure the games are appropriate for their ages and personalities, she said.
                 It’s not hard to find reviews, ratings(分级) and details about games. Video-game ratings by the Entertainment Software Rating Board, give consumers an idea of the level of violence, sexual content and bad language. Videos with a rating of “M” for mature, for example, are said to be suitable for people 17 and older. But the system is voluntary, so younger children can buy or rent “M”-rated games. But it’s not enough to rely completely on the ratings.   
              难度：中等
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            • 3． More than 20 Chinese and American experts discovered that young people of both countries are facing the same problems of economic and social pressures and lack of confidence.
                       Wayne Meisel, director of the Campus Outreach Opportunity League of Minnesota University, said that under economic pressure American young people have to work hard and most students have to take part­time work in order to support themselves.
                       In these circumstances, he said, young people lack confidence, which was not the case in the 1960s when young people thought themselves capable of doing anything.
                       In spite of the different conditions in China, Li Xuequan, director of the higher education section of the All­China Youth Federation, said Chinese young people are also facing economic pressure and are worried about inflation (通货膨胀) and corruption(腐败)．
                  In order to solve these problems, the Chinese and American experts agreed that youth organization should call on the whole of society to create favourable conditions for the healthy growth of young people, as well as to encourage them to meet the urgent needs of society.
                       Meisel said that since last year he has sent letters of “challenge to youth” to many young people, urging them to commit themselves to meeting such needs as feeding the hungry, housing the homeless, caring for the lonely and sick, serving the elderly and preserving the environment.
                       The letter says：“Through the service, we touch the lives of others and enrich our own.”

              难度：较易
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            • 4． Life gets noisier every day and very few people can be free from noise of some sort or another. It doesn’t matter where you live—in the middle of a modern city, or a faraway village—the chances that you will be disturbed by jet aero planes, transistor radios, oil-powered engines, etc. are almost everywhere .We seem to be getting used to noise, too. Some people feel quite lonely without background music while they are working.
                  Scientific tests have shown that total silence can be very frightening experience for human beings. However, some people enjoy listening to pop music which is very loud, and this can do harm to their eardrums(耳鼓).The noise level in some disco is far above the usual safety level for heavy industrial areas.
                  One recent report about noise and concentration suggested that although a lot of people say that any noise disturbs their concentration, what really affects their ability to concentrate is a change in the level of noise. It goes on to say that a background noise, which doesn’t change too much (music, for example) may even help people to concentrate.
              难度：较易
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