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            • 1.

              The next few decades will see the world experience many most pressing challenges, one of which is how to ease the __(1)__ stress that human activities are placing on the environment. The consequences are just too great to __(2)__. Wildlife habitats are being degraded or disappearing altogether as new developments __(3)__ more land. Plant and animal species are becoming __(4)__ at a greater rate now than at any time in Earth’s history. As many as 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks are over-exploited. And the __(5)__ goes on.

                     __(6)__, there is reason to have hope for the future. Advances in computing power and molecular biology are among the tremendous increases in __(7)__ capability that are helping researchers __(8)__ a better understanding of these problems. Recent development in science and technology could provide the __(9)__ for some major and timely actions that would __(10)__ our understanding of how human activities affect the environment.

                    Improving hydrological forecasting is one priority for research. It has been __(11)__ that the world’s water use would triple in the next two decades. Already, widespread water __(12)__ have occurred in parts of China, India, and North Africa. The need for water also is taking its toll on fresh water ecosystems in the United States. Only 2 percent of the nations’ __(13)__ are considered in good condition , and __(14)__ to 40 percent of native fish species are rare to extinct.

                    To prevent __(15)__ ofinfectiousdiseases in plants, animals and human, more study is needed on how parasites and disease-carrying species—as __(16)__ as humans and other species they __(17)__ ---are affected by changes in the environment. The overuse of antibiotics both in humans and in farm animals has __(18)__ to the growth of antibiotic-resistant micro organism. Researchers can take __(19)__ of new technologies in genetics and computing to better monitor and __(20)__ the effects that environment changes might have on diseases outbreaks.

            • 2. The world is witnessing the worst refugee crisis since World War II. Tens of thousands of people are fleeing civil war and unrest to find new homes in Europe-sometimes with tragic (1)
              On Aug 27, Austrian officials found the bodies of 71 Syrian migrants in an (2) truck near Austrian-Hungarian border, just (3) European leaders were holding a meeting in Vienna to (4) out how to deal with the refugee crisis. On the same day, 200 migrants were feared dead and 200 rescued as two boats packed with refugees sank (5) the coast of Libya, according to media reports.
              The (6) "migrant" and "refugee" are often used interchangeably. But there"s a big (7) between them, says an article in the Atlantic magazine. Here is how the United Nations (8) refugees:
              "Refugees are persons fleeing armed (9) or persecution (迫害). Their situation is often so dangerous and intolerable that they cross national borders to (10) safety in nearby countries. …These are people for whom denial of asylum (庇护) has potentially (11) consequences."
              Migrants, (12) , move mainly to improve their lives by finding work, or for education, family (13) or other reasons, said the agency.
              Countries agree to (14) refugees certain protections under their international treaty (协定) obligations (义务). This is why some states are (15) to admit those people who are (16) unrest in their home countries.
              When (17) refugee and immigration issues, many media outlets use the (18) term "illegal immigrant". Critics say that it gives the impression that it"s the person that is illegal (19) their actions. The UN and the EU parliament have (20) an end to the phrase, the BBC reported.
            • 3.
              April Fools'Day
              The first of April is commonly known (1) April Fools'Day,and it's customarily on this day to play a (2) on a friend.If your friend is (3) in,then he or she is an April (4)
              It isn't only children who (5) jokes.Grown-ups like such pranks(恶作剧),too.Even the media sometimes try to deceive the (6) with a (7) April fool story.Some years (8) ,for example,a famous joke was played on the (9) .A (10) reporter reported that strange geological changes have resulted in weaker gravity in different (11) of Britain.He asked (12) to jump (13) and see if they (14) jump higher than they usually could.Many people did.The hundreds of (15) the BBC received proved how (16) the hoax(恶作剧) was.not until twelve o'clock did the BBC gently (17) its listeners it was April Fools'Day that day.
              Making jokes only (18) until noon of the day,the rule is rigid and everybody accepted.Anyone who tries to make a fool after midday is a (19) fool than he who has been (20) .The late trickster is instantly rebuffed(受挫),as a piece of poem goes:
              April Fools'Day is gone and past.You are the biggest fool at last.
              When April Fools'Day comes again,You'll be the biggest fool then.
              (1) A. for B. to C. about D. as
              (2) B.fool B.trick C.match D.game
              (3) A. taken B. cheated C. fooled D. invited
              (4) A. fool B. boy C. girl D. child
              (5) A. dislike B. like C. hate D. enjoy
              (6) A. fools B. grown-ups C. adults D. public
              (7) A. dull B. foolish C. slow D. wise
              (8) A. more B. before C. ago D. later
              (9) A. screen B. radio C. TV D. computer
              (10) A. scientific B. ordinary C. common D. special
              (11) A. countries B. parts C. place D. nation
              (12) A. scientists B. readers C. watchers D. listeners
              (13) A. back B. down C. up D. up and down
              (14) A. mostly B. hardly C. usually D. normally
              (15) A. pictures B. messages C. ideas D. calls
              (16) A. successful B. unsuccessful
              C. successfully D. unsuccessfully
              (17) A. retell B. remind C. tell D. warns
              (18) A. lasts B. continues C. goes D. comes on
              (19) A. clever B. bigger C. smaller D. foolish
              (20) A. selected B. chosen C. fooled D. made.
            • 4.

              We find different kinds of animals in the world. Some animals, such as tigers and lions live in big forest and they are called  (1)  animals. Some others like sheep and dogs are  (2)  by men and they are called domestic(驯养) animals. These animals are very different from one another, but we can  (3)  them into big groups: those that eat other animals and those that eat grass and leaves. Animals like the  (4)  belong to the first group.

                     Animals are  (5)  great uses to human beings. Men  (6)  wild animals for their fur and meat. Domestic animals are  (7)  more important to men. Without them, life will be  (8)  . People make use of animals in many  (9)  .

                     Cows and dogs are useful to men’s  (10)  . They give 80% of the  (11)  men eat every year. Skin of some animals can be  (12)  into expensive overcoats and shoes, which are warm and comfortable and  (13)  a long time. They are very welcome in  (14)  countries. Wool, which is now one of the most important material for textile(纺织)  (15)  , comes from a special kind of  (16)  . From cows, we get milk. And we shouldn’t  (17)  that some domestic animals are kept for transport. Many people  (18)  ride horses. Arabs ride on camels which travel in deserts for days without  (19)  . In some places animals are still used to plough field.  (20)  is clear that men just can’t live without these animals.

              (1) A. wild                     B. serious                
              C. terrible                    D. fighting
              (2) A. trapped                B. treated              
              C. sold                      D. kept
              (3) A. separate               B. divide                 
              C. sell                       D. keep
              (4) A. chicken                B. tiger                 
              C. fish                      D. goat
              (5) A. with          B. to           
              C. for                            D. of
              (6) A. hunt                     B. discover              
              C. raise                     D. care for
              (7) A. quite                    B. every                  
              C. even                     D. some
              (8) A. smooth                 B. difficult                
              C. easy                      D. perfect
              (9) A. ways                    B. groups               
              C. places                     D. kinds
              (10) A. life                       B. work                   
              C. family                      D. food
              (11) A. meal                     B. meat                   
              C. dinner                    D. animals
              (12) A. put                       B. turned                
              C. made                    D. changed
              (13) A. last                       B. cost                    
              C. take                        D. dress
              (14) A. cool                     B. cold                 
              C. warm                      D. foreign
              (15) A. business        B. workers               
              C. industry                   D. factory
              (16) A. sheep                   B. goats                 
              C. cows                    D. animals
              (17) A. forget                   B. remember           
              C. realize                     D. notice
              (18) A. always                 B. hardly                
              C. still                       D. just
              (19) A. resting                  B. drinking               
              C. sleeping                  D. stopping
              (20) A. That                     B. This                 
              C. It                       D. So
            • 5.

              In the north of Scotland there is a lake called Loch Ness. It is the biggest   (1)    in Britain. It is over thirty kilometers long and nearly 300 meters   (2)   It is cold and dark and not many people went there until after 1930. Then a road was made   (3)   the lake.

              Holiday makers began to use the road, and this was when the  (4)  began. Someone said that he had seen a monster(妖怪) in the lake. He said it was twelve meters long. It had a long   (5)  and a small head. Then someone else said he heard  (6)  . Others said the same thing and in 1933 a London doctor took a   (7)  . It   (8)   like a monster with a long neck and a thick body but the photo was not too  (9)  . The newspaper printed the picture and   (10)   it the Loch Ness monster, or “Nessie”. Then the argument began.   (11)   people, however, were certain there was something living in the lake. Others said there was   (12)   there. In 1961, a lot of people joined together to make a real   (13)   to see and photograph the monster to find   (14)   there was one! Several times people thought they saw something but after ten years there was   (15)   no real proof(证据).

              Later underwater television cameras were used, but   (16)   found any real proof. However, they  (17)  find something interesting: a huge underwater cave. It was big enough to be   (18)   of a monster, but of course, this was not a proof. In 1975,however, some American scientists  (19)   a search group. They used an underwater camera. It took pictures every seventy seconds. Some of the pictures seemed to show a redbrown creature. Its body was about four meters long,  (20)  had a very ugly head on the end of a four-meter neck. Many people then began to believe in the monster. But even today we can’t be certain.

              (1) A. lake               B. ocean            
              C. sea                 D. river
              (2) A. away             B. deep              
              C. tall                 D. high
              (3) A. in                   B. over                
              C. above           D. around
              (4) A. accidents     B. meetings        
              C. stories           D. sayings 
              (5) A. eye               B. neck                
              C. nose               D. ear
              (6) A. all                   B. one                
              C. some             D. it 
              (7) A. gun                 B. map              
              C. photo             D. chance
              (8) A. looked           B. sounded       
              C. feel               D. would
              (9) A. clean             B. taken            
              C. clear               D. shown
              (10) A. behaved         B. called            
              C. thought           D. regarded
              (11) A. All                   B. More            
              C. Some             D. No
              (12) A. everything     B. anything       
              C. monsters       D. nothing
              (13) A. thing             B. effort              
              C. interest           D. trip
              (14) A. if                     B. but                
              C. as                   D. so
              (15) A. still                 B. even              
              C. also               D. yet
              (16) A. someone       B. We                
              C. anyone           D. no one
              (17) A. were             B. really              
              C. did                 D. actually
              (18) A. home             B. house            
              C. room             D. ground
              (19) A. found           B. get                
              C. invited             D. formed
              (20) A. but               B. and                
              C. or                   D. however
            • 6.
              Many theories regarding the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theories (1) on the individual suggest that children (2) criminal behavior before they were not sufficiently (3) for previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (4) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.
              Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from (5) families, (6) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate control from parents.All (7) ,however,are uncertain or unimproved and are of course challenged with criticism.
              Changes in the social structure may indirectly (8) juvenile crime rates.For example,changes in the economy that (9) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (10) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.This results in (11) among youths and may in (12) lead more youths into criminal behavior.
              Families have also experienced (13) these years.More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (14) children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family (15) .This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.Other noticeable (16) of offensive acts include (17) experience or failure in school,the (18) availability of drugs and alcohol,and the growing phenomenon of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase the (19) of a child committing a criminal act, (20) a direct cause and effect relationship has not yet been established.
              (1) A. centering B. depending C. figuring D. concerning
              (2) A. refer to B. know about C. engage in D. learn of
              (3) A. punished B. forgiven C. forgotten D. excused
              (4) A. return B. contact C. reference D. response
              (5) A. respected B. cultivated C. disadvantaged D. immigrated
              (6) A. considering B. ignoring C. highlighting D. believing
              (7) A. values B. misbehaviors C. criminals D. theories
              (8) A. affect B. reduce C. prevent D. reflect
              (9) A. point B. lead C. come D. add
              (10) A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. at last
              (11) A. discomfort B. dissatisfaction
              C. dishonesty D. discrimination
              (12) A. case B. short C. turn D. return
              (13) A. failure B. miseries C. development D. changes
              (14) A. contrarily B. consequently C. similarly D. occasionally
              (15) A. education B. concept C. structure D. economy
              (16) A. suggestions B. causes C. ideas D. reports
              (17) A. smooth B. favorable C. unfavorable D. practical
              (18) A. increasing B. restricted C. reasonable D. popular
              (19) A. knowledge B. aspect C. strength D. probability
              (20) A. since B. although C. as D. because.
            • 7.
              Best Places to Visit in Iceland
              Welcome to Iceland,a land that comes across as being a unique and beautiful destination.It is open to visitors who like to study an unknown course,and everything about Iceland waits to be explored.Here are just a lot of places you can take on…
              Dettifoss
              Dettifoss waterfalls,located 90km from the town Húsavík,is the most powerful waterfall in Europe.You can access the waterfall either by hiking or driving down along the road leading to the falls.The access roads,however,remain closed during the winter months.That is from January to April.
              Landmannalaugar
              Landmannalaugar or the people's pools,is a major tourist attraction in Iceland.Known as the heart for hikers,the area is popular for hot springs.Open only during summers,it is accessible from Thorsmork Biking in this area.However,it is relatively difficult,and is recommended only for trained mountain bikers.
              Reykjavik
              Reykjavik,which actually means"Steamy Bay",got its name from the sight of steam rising from the geothermal hot springs,which attracted the Vikings when they landed at the bay.You can relax by hiking,or go fishing in the Elliea River.Don't forget to go skinny-dipping in the famous Blue Lagoon,a geothermal(地热的) pool in the area.
              Gotafoss
              Gotafoss,also known as the waterfall of the gods,is one of the most impressive attractions in Iceland.Located on the Skjalfandafljot river flowing south of road 1or the Ring road,it is easily accessible,thus attracting tourists and divers alike.As the story goes,it was these falls that the Lawspeaker Thorgeir Ljosvetningagoti threw the statues of his Norse gods into,hence giving it the name Gotafoss.
              Jökulsárlón
              Known to be a museum of ice sculptures,Jökulsárlón is a large glacier lake on the South Eastern border.The lake which is around 200meters deep is home to some of the big icebergs.During the summer months,you can use boat rides that will take you face to face with the ice sculptures that melt away splendidly.In the winters,you will spot a number of seals and the great Skua at the lake.

              (1) The writer's purpose in writing the passage is to ______ .
              A. praise the beauty of nature in Iceland
              B. persuade more people to visit the places in Iceland
              C. tell people the culture and history of Iceland
              D. attract more people to explore the fields in Iceland online
              (2) When you travel in Iceland,you will enjoy the natural attractions except ______ .
              A. splendid waterfall B. ice sculpture
              C. stone beaches D. hot springs
              (3) The name of Gotafoss is given ______ .
              A. because of its surroundings
              B. because of the people there
              C. because of its location
              D. because of a story
              (4) Which two places have the same attraction? ______
              A. Dettifoss and Gotafoss
              B. Jökulsárlón and Dettifoss
              C. Gotafoss and Landmannalaugar
              D. Landmannalaugar and Jökulsárlón
              (5) It can be inferred from the passage that ______ .
              A. we can enjoy swimming in Reykjavik
              B. Iceland now is totally powered by the sun
              C. we can see some attractions only in summer
              D. in winter we can drive down the road to visit waterfall.
            • 8.

                 The journey of water as it flows upon the earth can be a mirror of our own paths through life. Water begins its   (1)  on earth as it falls from the sky and streams down a mountain into a stream or river. In the same way, we come into the world and begin our lives on earth. Like a river that flows within the   (2)  of its banks, we are born with certain defining characteristics that   (3)  our identity. We are born in a specific time and place, within a specific family, and with certain gifts and   (4)  . With these limitations, we move through life,  (5)  many twists, turns, and barriers along the way just as a river  (6)  .
                    Water is a great teacher that shows us   (7)   to move through the world with grace, bravery, determination, and  (8)  . When a river   (9)   at a waterfall, it gains energy and moves on, as we face our own waterfalls, we may fall hard   (10)  we always keep moving on. Water can inspire us not to become rigid (死板的)with fear or stick to what’s familiar. Water is  (11)   and does not waste time sticking to its past, but flows onward without   (12)   . At the same time, when there is a  (13)  to be filled, water does not run away from it in   (14)   of the dark; instead, water modestly and bravely fills the empty space. In the same way, we can face the   (15)   moments of our life rather than run away from them.
                      (16)  , a river will empty into the sea. Water does not hold back from   (17)  in a larger body, nor does it fear a loss of  (18)   or control. It gracefully and modestly falls into the vastness by contributing its energy and joining without   (19)  . Each time we move beyond our individual characters to become part of something bigger, w e can try our best to   (20)   the lead of the river.

              (1) A. travel         B. work         
              C. position        D. process
              (2) A. periods         B. areas         
              C. boundaries    D. admissions
              (3) A. reveal          B. govern         
              C. keep          D. cast
              (4) A. challenges     B. experiences    
              C. opportunities  D. demands
              (5) A. bringing      B. requiring      
              C. facing       D. predicting
              (6) A. crosses     B. flows          C. pours      D. drops
              (7) A. when       B. where          C. why       D. how
              (8) A. modesty     B. happiness      
              C. smile        D. reputation
              (9) A. spring s        B. leaves         
              C. runs         D. breaks
              (10) A. or               B. so            
              C. but           D. and
              (11) A. desperate       B. brave         
              C. nervous        D. merciful
              (12) A. looking through  B. looking after  
              C. looking for   D. looking back
              (13) A. hole         B. form           C. heart       D. post
              (14) A. favor         B. fear            C. honor     D. terms
              (15) A. boring        B. changeable      C. exciting   D. dark
              (16) A. Gradually      B. Absolutely     
              C. Eventually  D. Actually
              (17) A. dipping        B. bringing       
              C. plotting    D. joining
              (18) A. life           B. liberty         
              C. identity     D. root
              (19) A. resistance    B. permission     
              C. knowledge  D. reward
              (20) A. take           B. follow          C. lose      D. hold
            • 9.

                    Are forests always created by nature? A man from rural India proves that this is not necessarily   (1)  .

                      Abdul Kareem, who used to be an airline ticketing agent,has a great love for the   (2)  .Though he never went to college,he can talk about plants and trees like a(n)   (3)  .In 1977,he bought a piece of   (4)   wasteland with the hope of growing trees on it.In the beginning,people thought he was   (5)   to waste his time and money on the land.But he  (6)   ignored them and kept working on the soil and planting trees there.The land was so  (7)  that it had to be watered several times a day.Kareem had to fetch the water from a   (8)   that was a kilometer away.In the first two years,none of the trees he planted   (9)  .However,in the  (10)  year,several young trees started growing.Greatly  (11)  by the result,Kareem planted more trees and his man made forest began to   (12)  

                      Kareem let his forest grow   (13)  , without using fertilizers or insecticides.He believed in the   (14)   of nature to renew itself without the interference of humans. That’s   (15)   he did not allow fallen leaves or branches from the forest to be removed.

                     After years of   (16)  , Kareem has not only realized his dream but also transformed a piece of   (17)  land into a beautiful forest. Today, his forest is  (18)  to 1,500 medicinal plants,2,000 varieties of trees,rare birds,animals,and insects. Now,  (19)   from all over the world come to visit his creation. They hope to do research on the secret of his   (20)   so that other parts of the world could benefit from it.

              (1) A. wrong                 B. good            
              C. true                D. natural
              (2) A. job                      B. planes        
              C. tickets             D. woods
              (3) A. expert                  B. actor           
              C. guide              D. farmer
              (4) A. rich                     B. rocky                 
              C. green              D. expensive
              (5) A. pleased                B. wise            
              C. crazy              D. disappointed
              (6) A. simply                 B. hardly          
              C. rarely              D. rudely
              (7) A. damp                   B. hard            
              C. poor               D. dry
              (8) A. resource              B. source         
              C. force              D. course
              (9) A. died                     B. recovered     
              C. survived          D. succeeded
              (10) A. third                    B. second         
              C. fourth              D. last
              (11) A. surprised             B. satisfied       
              C. challenged       D. encouraged
              (12) A. take place              B. take shape   
              C. take steps      D. take risks
              (13) A. slowly                 B. quickly        
              C. naturally          D. nicely
              (14) A. ability                  B. activity        
              C. quality            D. possibility
              (15) A. how                    B. when           
              C. where              D. why
              (16) A. effects                 B. efforts         
              C. comforts         D. harvests
              (17) A. deserved              B. reserved       
              C. deserted          D. preserved
              (18) A. home                   B. key              
              C. access          D. way
              (19) A. children               B. parents        
              C. tourists         D. scientists
              (20) A. 1ife                     B. success       
              C. company         D. happiness
            • 10.

              When people think of tigers, they think them strong and   (1)    . But now, the big animal is calling for our   (2)    .
              There were once eight kinds of   (3)   in the world, but three    (4)   during the 20th century. In the last 70 years, the  (5)   of Siberian tigers (东北虎) has  (6)  from as many as 300 to less than 22 somewhere. The Siberian tiger has been   (7)   dying out completely.    (8)  the government doesn’t make any efforts, it’s quite   (9)  that there will be no more Siberian tigers in China in ten   (10)    twenty years.
              In order to   (11)    the number of wild tigers in the  (12)   ten years, the World Wildlife Fund has started a   (13)    recently. It aims to save wild tigers and put an end to tiger   (14)   and killing. China, together with twelve other   (15)    , has joined in.
              Wild animals,    (16)    red deer and wild pigs, are the main   (17)   of tigers. The hunting of these animals is the greatest threat (威胁) to tigers. So the most important thing is to   (18)    the animals that tigers    (19)   . To protect wild tigers, we need to call on   (20)    people to stop eating and hunting wild animals.

              (1) A. weak    B. dangerous    C. safe           D. friendly
              (2) A. interest   B. safety         C. money         D. help
              (3) A. pigs       B. tigers         C. deer         D. sheep
              (4) A. died out   B. turned out   
              C. came out   D. brought out
              (5) A. name     B. kind          C. number       D. group
              (6) A. gone        B. stayed        
              C. grew       D. increased  
              (7) A. in need of   B. in danger of   
              C. in front of  D. in control of
              (8) A. When        B. Though        C. If      D. While
              (9) A. possible       B. necessary     
              C. important  D. useful
              (10) A. of         B. in           C. to         D. at
              (11) A. increase    B. reduce        C. low       D. fall
              (12) A. last         B. next           C. past        D. most
              (13) A. programme B. competition  
              C. performance    D. organization
              (14) A. protecting  B. hunting       
              C. watching           D. saving  
              (15) A. cities      B. provinces      
              C. countries         D. towns
              (16) A. because of  B. so that       
              C. such as       D. according to
              (17) A. friends      B. members       C. enemies       D. food
              (18) A. kill           B. hunt          
              C. sell               D. save
              (19) A. eat        B. keep          C. catch        D. grasp
              (20) A. few           B. fewer         
              C. more             D. much
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